Abstract: A multispectral smoke obscurant composition effective in reducing transmittance in the visual, infrared, and ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, comprising at least one metal organic framework (“MOF”), at least one fuel, at least one oxidizer, and optionally one or more additives selected from the group consisting of binders, coolants, and accelerants. The MOF or MOF composite is present from about 10 to 90 weight percent of the smoke obscurant composition, while the fuel and the oxidizer in combination comprise about at least 10 weight percent of the smoke obscurant composition.

Abstract: A reduced toxicity baseline screening smoke composition and method includes a mixture of lithium perchlorate and boron. The mixture may further include a burn rate modifier and any of an inorganic chloride coolant and a carbonate coolant. The lithium perchlorate may be in the range of 75% to 95% parts by weight. The boron may be in the range of 5% to 25% parts by weight. The any of an inorganic chloride coolant and a carbonate coolant may be in the range of 5% to 25% parts by weight. The mixture may include boron oxide.

Abstract: A tread rubber composition for tires, including a sublimation dye that is activated by heat generated by frictional contact with a road surface to generate smoke having various colors at a wavelength of about 39-76×10?6 cm (390 nm to 760 nm) in a frequency range of about 39.5˜77×1013 vps (39.5×1013 Hz to 77×1013 Hz. In addition, a tire including the tread rubber composition and a method of manufacturing the tread rubber composition are also provided. According to the current invention, the tread rubber composition included in the tire can generate smoke having a single color or mixed colors selected from among various colors, therefore obtaining smoke that gives optimal enjoyment and satisfies requirements of drivers at motor sports events, such as drifting.

Abstract: A smoke generating composition including at least one smoke generating material and an effective amount of a polymerized monosaccharide or disaccharide as a binder. The polymerized monosaccharide or disaccharide serves the dual purpose of being both a binder and a fuel to provide a more efficient and safer smoke generating composition.

Abstract: A composition for generating smoke, consisting essentially of at least one chlorine compound having a chlorine content of at least 56% by weight of the chlorine compound, and a mixture of at least one metal oxide and at least one metal. The metal oxide is an alkaline-earth metal oxide and the metal is an alkaline-earth metal. The molar fraction of alkaline-earth metal, based on the total number of moles of alkaline-earth metal and alkaline-earth metal oxide, is between 0.33 and 0.67. Preferably, the chlorine compound is hexachloroethane. Also preferably, the molar fraction of the mixture of alkaline-earth metal and alkaline-earth metal oxide in the composition is between 0.37 and 0.91. The alkaline-earth metal comprises particles having an average size of 50-100 &mgr;m and particles having an average size of 150-300 &mgr;m.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an electrical ignitor for a model rocket, including two insulated lead wires, with each lead wire having an uninsulated end. An element wire interconnects the uninsulated ends from each lead wire. The element wire forms a plurality of turns around one of the insulated lead wires. A pyrogen compound surrounds the element wire.

Abstract: In a continuously burning pyrotechnic composition, compounds of graphite serve as additional components that are capable of thermal expansion in the C-axis perpendicular to the lattice plane and expand in the reaction zone of the pyrotechnic composition, being released with the reaction products of the burning pyrotechnic composition. This permits production of camouflage smokes that are effective in the optically visible range, the IR range and the MMW-RADAR range of electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A method of generating nontoxic smoke is taught. The method comprises: (a) submerging a nontoxic smoke creating device in a liquid coolant while preventing entry of coolant into said device; said device includes a composition which comprises: (1) a first reactant selected from the group consisting of potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium dichromate, cesium nitrate, and potassium nitrate; and (2) a second reactant serving as a reduction agent; (b) activating said smoke creating device by reacting said composition comprising said first reactant and said second reactant, to create solid particulate products having a diameter of about one micron or less which create the nontoxic smoke; and (c) passing said solid particulate products into said coolant through at least one downwardly directed tuyere hydraulically connected at or near the top of said device without any accompanied destruction of said nontoxic smoke creating device.

Abstract: Smoke-producing compositions are disclosed that combine the low toxicity of an organic acid smoke and the high obscuration effect of a red phosphorus (RP) smoke. Phosphoric acid produced by RP is neutralized by an acid scavenger added to at least one of the RP or organic acid smoke formulations. To prevent chemical reaction between ingredients of the two smoke-producing formulations, they are separated in the apparatus of the present invention such that only the resulting smokes mix. Very small amount of a RP smoke formulation increases the obscuration index of organic acid smokes comparable to conventional hygroscopic chloride (HC) smokes.

Abstract: A method for precipitating atmospheric water by means of multicomponent aerosols, including iodide based complex multicomponent aerosol compositions. The compositions comprise a solid mass formed by a compacted mixture of silver iodide and the iodides, iodates, and periodates of alkali metals, lead, copper, barium; ammonia, barium chromate, and selected oxidizers such as ammonium perchlorate, and fuels such as poly-p-phenylene, phenol formaldehyde resin, epoxide resin, and shellac and mixtures thereof. The compositions, upon burning, produce an aerosol effective to promote atmospheric water precipitation.

Abstract: A composition which is capable of producing an obscuring white smoke is disclosed which employs a dicarboxylic acid as the primary smoke producing agent. It is found that by using a dicarboxylic acid smoke producing agent, a generally non-toxic and non-corrosive smoke is achieved. Also included within the composition are a binder, a fuel or coolant, and an oxidizer. The binder may be any one of a number of binders such as nitrocellulose or a polymer binder. A low energy fuel is preferred in order to minimize heat and flame produced. Such fuels may include, for example, starch, dextrose, lactose, sucrose, or sulphur. The presently preferred oxidizer is KCLO.sub.3. Other substances may also be added to the composition. For example, sodium bicarbonate may be added to act as a buffer for the KCLO.sub.3 and as a further coolant. In some cases it may also be desirable to add aluminum for purposes of producing more uniform burning and increased thermal conductivity through out the composition.

Abstract: High intensity yellow smoke and flame flare compositions are manufactured a procedure which closely parallels that of solid rocket propellants. These compositions use similar ingredients to those used in solid rocket propellants. These compositions are castable whereas conventional flares consist of pressed flare charges. Both colored flame and smoke are produced from the same composition. A liquid curable binder composition is selected from triethylene glycol succinate or carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene crosslinked with O,NN-tris(2,3-epoxypropyl)-4-aminophenol, and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene crosslinked with isophorone diisocyanate. The color producing ingredient is a first inorganic salt of lead iodide which can be further enhanced by an additive of a reactive source of iodine selected from iodine pentoxide and iodoform. A second inorganic salt is selected from inorganic oxidizing salts consisting of potassium perchlorate and amononium perchlorate.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a smoke-producing pyrotechnical composition which is designed for the production of a smoke screen that prohibits the transmission of infrared radiance from a target to a pick-up.It includes a compound which generates, through thermal decomposing, carbon particles of which the size is included between about 1 and 14 .mu.m, and an oxidoreducing system which reacts at a temperature that exceeds 1000 degrees C. and a binding agent. The compound which generates carbon particles can be hexachloroethane, hexachlorobenzene, naphtalene, anthracene, or their mixture; the reducing agent can be a metal powder (magnesium) and the oxidizer hexachlorobenzene and/or hexachloroethane.An application to the execution of smoke-producing devices.

Abstract: The pyrotechnic device comprises a projectile, a ground mounted device or a floating device whose casing contains a charge of titanium or other suitable combustible metal-containing material, charcoal, or other reducing agent and gunpowder such that, following ignition, infra-red emitting particles are emitted to form an infra-red radiating screen. The carbon reduces oxidation of the combustible material prior to emission.

Abstract: The pyrotechnic device comprises a projectile, a ground mounted device or a floating device whose casing contains a charge of particulate material, for example a combustible silicon-containing material in particular mixed with titanium or other suitable combustible metal-containing material and gunpowder such that, following ignition, infra-red emitting particles are emitted for forming an infra-red radiating screen.

Abstract: The disruption of a thermal inversion and formation of cumulus clouds is duced by the ignition of a pyrotechnic composition containing an alkali earth metal. The combined heats of hydration, condensation and combustion of the composition disrupt the thermal layer allowing the passage of warm moist air into a zone of cooler air. The formation of cumulonimbus or cumulus clouds results.

Abstract: A smoke-producing composition which will produce a dense smoke in about 5 conds and continues to produce a visible cloud having a duration of about 10 minutes for military screening operations in the field. The composition has critical limits in proportions and particle size for effective and efficient use in the 81 mm mortar cartridge. The composition consists essentially of 75 to 90 parts red phosphorus of 10.+-.5.mu. in size, 10 to 20 parts sodium nitrate of 30.+-.15.mu., and 4 to 10 parts of an epoxy binder. All parts being by weight.

Abstract: A method of molding a red phosphorous pyrotechnic mix containing an epoxy nder, which is markedly improved by the addition of silica.

Abstract: A smoke generating pyrotechnic composition of the type comprising an oxidizing agent--reducing agent system, a sublimable organic dye and including a binder additionally, contains a carbazate of general formula ##STR1## in which R represents a straight-chained or branched-chained alkyl group comprising 1 to 5 carbon atoms as cooling agent, inter alia. The composition is suitable, when the binder is a synthetic resin and includes such additional components as organic plasticizer and possibly a hardener and a metal oxide catalyst, for use in the production of cast smoke generating pyrotechnic products.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a castable pyrotechnic composition of the type producing smoke with a colored or colorless flame comprising in particular an oxidation-reduction pair and a chlorinated binder. The binder is a high chlorine content resin. It is constituted by the association of a polymerizable chlorinated monomer with a copolymerized or non-copolymerized chlorinated polymer, the resulting mixture being subjected to polymerization at a moderate temperature, said binder then containing 30 to 70% by weight of chlorine.

Abstract: A smoke generating composition consisting essentially of metallic oxide ammonium perchlorate, an organic chlorine donor and a plasticizer and a buffering agent. The metallic oxide includes zinc oxide as one of its components and ammonium perchlorate as well as polychloroisoprene as components of the chlorine donor. All of the components are mixed in such proportions that a neutral fog within the range of pH 5-7 is formed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a smoke-producing pyrotechnic composition and its applications.The composition comprises the following main components:at least one first compound selected from the group consisting of potassium or sodium chlorate;at least one second compound selected from the group consisting of guanidine nitrate;metallic oxides;at least one epoxyaliphatic resin, whether or not plasticized; andat least one sublimable organic coloring substance.It is used primarily in pyrotechnics, in particular for the production of colored smokes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for opacifying a gaseous medium transparent to optical and thermal radiation.It is characterized in that it consists in diffusing in the medium, for example the atmosphere, an aerosol such as boron trichloride (BCl.sub.3).The invention applies to the field of electro-optical countermeasures.

Abstract: This invention relates to organic dye compositions of improved mechanical properties and to a method of coating the dye with an inert coating material which enables the production of pour-castable colored smoke-producing compositions of high solids loading, particularly when a red dye e.g. Disperse Red 9, is employed.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic composition which, when burned, produces yellow smoke and yellow flame. The composition is comprised of between 5 and 30 percent of a fuel which is either magnesium or silicon, between 65 and 85 percent of bismuth subnitrate and between 5 and 13 percent of an epoxy binder.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic cloud seeding composition comprising from about 60 to about 85 weight percent silver iodate, from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of a fuel from the class consisting of aluminium and magnesium, from about 5 to about 15 weight percent binder, and from about 0.1 to about 10 percent halogenated organic compound having a melting point of at least about 50.degree. C. One illustrative compound is hexachlorobenzene.

Abstract: A non-toxic smoke composition for use in simulating fires in damage control xercises and for use in training. Transcinnamic acid is used as the smoke producing agent and is volatilized by energy from a potassium chlorate/sugar mixture which provides a low burning temperature.

Abstract: The composition of this invention is a colored-smoke pyrotechnic for use as rocket fuel which can propel a 500 gram grenade assembly along a trajectory of about 100 meters while producing a trail of intensely colored, highly visible smoke. The composition contains ammonium sulfamate, potassium chlorate, sucrose, and an organic dye. The sulfamate ingredient functions as a primary reactant, and forms a large quantity of smoke and other gaseous by-products. The potassium chlorate and sucrose exists as a mixture, and when burning produces a large amount of energy which initiates the reaction sequence. The organic dye in the composition is volatilized by the heat, and subsequently condenses in the exhaust plume to color the smoke trail.

Abstract: The composition of this invention contains red phosphorus, magnesium, sod nitrate, and an epoxy binder. It can optionally contain silica to aid in processing. The magnesium is used to sustain the smoke produced by the red phosphorus for a period greater than 5 minutes for screening of military operations. Further, the composition does not exhibit any increased sensitivity to impact or friction over traditional smoke-producing compositions. This is the case even though the composition contains a high-level of red phosphorus.

Abstract: The present invention is an essentially non-toxic, smoke-producing, pyrotnic composition. The composition uses 1,4 benzenedicarboxylic acid which produces a superior visual screening smoke when vaporized by heat provided a reaction between suitable fuel and oxidizer. The composition additionally contains potassium chlorate and sugar. The composition burns at a low temperature without a visual flame and is suited for use in smoke grenades and smoke pots.

Abstract: A dye smoke which burns efficiently and without flame consisting essentia of a hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene binder, the biuret trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate curative, a leucoquinizarin dye referred to as 1,4,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene, and ammonium iodate oxidizer. The leucoquinizarin dye is oxidized and iodinated resulting in the iodoanthraquinone derivatives which produce the colored smoke.