Abstract: The present invention is directed to an airbag system that includes a gas generant, which is improved in the defects of gas generants using sodium azide in a practical use and has stable combustion capability. A molecular compound comprising (a) a gas generant component, (b) an oxidant component and (c) a reaction accelerator component, preferably represented by the composition formula (I).M.mX.

Abstract: Gas generating compositions and methods for their use are provided. Metal complexes are used as gas generating compositions. These complexes are comprised of a metal cation template, a neutral ligand containing hydrogen and nitrogen, sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the complex, and at least one cool burning organic nitrogen-containing compound. The complexes are formulated such that when the complex combusts, nitrogen gas and water vapor is produced. Specific examples of such complexes include metal nitrite ammine, metal nitrate ammine, and metal perchlorate ammine complexes, as well as hydrazine complexes. A binder and co-oxidizer can be combined with the metal complexes to improve crush strength of the gas generating compositions and to permit efficient combustion of the binder. Such gas generating compositions are adaptable for use in gas generating devices such as automobile air bags.

Abstract: Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid (IRFNA) type IIIB and monomethyl hydrazine (MMH) ignite when contacted with each other because of a hypergolic chemical reaction and are the preferred oxidizer and fuel for bipropellant rocket propulsion systems. These propellants can deliver a specific impulse of 284 lbf sec/Ibm and density impulse of 13.36 lbf sec/cubic inch when the engine operating pressure is 2000 psi. Special precautions must be used when handling because of its toxic properties. A fuel gel propellant fuel that would be a suitable replacement for MMH must be less toxic and have a competitive density impulse for the same engine operating conditions. Three compounds meeting the specified requirements have been synthesized and their physical and ballistic properties are evaluated herein as shown in Table 1. The chemical names for these compounds are dimethylaminoethylazide (DMAZ), pyrollidinylethylazide (PYAZ), and bis (ethyl azide)methylamine (BAZ).

Abstract: An autoignition composition for the gas generator of a vehicle occupant restraint system that is thermally stable at temperatures up to 110.degree. C., autoignites between 150.degree. C. and 175.degree. C., produces minimal toxic gases upon combustion, provides for a reduced gas inflator size, and can be safely produced using simple processing methods. By mixing an alkali metal nitrite with a nitrogen-based fuel, the resulting gas generants autoignite at or below 175.degree. C. The addition of an alkaline earth metal nitrite or nitrate provides the stability needed to additionally function as a booster and/or a gas generant.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device and a gas generating composition. The gas generating composition comprises an oxidizer, a fuel component and preferably a binder. A preferred oxidizer is ammonium nitrate. The fuel component is a dinitramide salt having the molecular formula X.sup.+ [N(NO.sub.2).sub.2 ].sub.n.sup.- wherein n is equal to one or more and X.sup.+ is the cationic derivative of an organic compound having one or more tetravalent nitrogen atoms. A preferred salt is guanidinium dinitramide.

Abstract: A liquid monopropellant having(1) from about 10 to about 80 weight percent of an substituted ammonium nate which is methylammonium nitrate, dimethylammonium nitrate, trimethylammonium nitrate, ethylammonium nitrate, diethylammonium nitrate, n-propylammonium nitrate, isopropylammonium nitrate, ethanolammonium nitrate, diethanolammonium nitrate, triethanolammonium nitrate, or mixtures thereof,(2) from about 5 to about 60 weight percent of ammonium nitrate, and(3) from about 5 to about 50 weight percent of water.A second embodiment of this invention is a monopropellant in which ammonium nitrate is omitted and from about 60 to about 95 weight percent of the substituted ammonium nitrate and from about 5 to about 40 weight percent of water is used.

Abstract: Gas generating compositions and methods for their use are provided. Metal complexes are used as gas generating compositions. These complexes are comprised of a metal cation template, a neutral ligand containing hydrogen and nitrogen, and sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the complex. The complexes are formulated such that when the complex combusts, nitrogen gas and water vapor is produced. Specific examples of such complexes include metal nitrite ammine, metal nitrate ammine, and metal perchlorate ammine complexes, as well as hydrazine complexes. A binder and co-oxidizer can be combined with the metal complexes to improve crush strength of the gas generating compositions and to permit efficient combustion of the binder. Such gas generating compositions are adaptable for use in gas generating devices such as automobile air bags.

Abstract: Nonazide gas generant compositions, useful for inflating passenger restraint gas inflator bags, comprise a multimetallic coordination complex oxidizer selected from coordination complexes comprised of anionic nitro and nitrito ligands coordinated with a transitional metal template, and a cationic component comprised of two or more different metals. The gas generant compositions generate relatively more gas and are significantly less toxic than known azide gas generant compositions, and furthermore, generate solids that are readily filterable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an autoignition composition for safely initiating combustion of a main pyrotechnic charge in a gas generator or pyrotechnic device exposed to flame or a high temperature environment. The autoignition compositions of the invention include a mixture of an oxidizer composition and a powdered metal, wherein the oxidizer composition includes at least one of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate, a complex salt nitrate, such as Ce(NH.sub.4).sub.2 (NO.sub.3).sub.6 or ZrO(NO.sub.3).sub.2, a dried, hydrated nitrate, such as Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2.4H.sub.2 O or Cu(NO.sub.3).sub.2.2.5 H.sub.2 O, silver nitrate, an alkali or alkaline earth chlorate, an alkali or alkaline earth metal perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, a nitrite of sodium, potassium, or silver, or a solid organic nitrate, nitrite, or amine, such as guanidine nitrate, nitroguanidine and 5-aminotetrazole, respectively.

Abstract: The non-toxic bipropellent of the present invention contains a non-toxic ergolic miscible fuel (NHMF) and a rocket grade hydrogen peroxide. This non-toxic hypergolic miscible fuel (NHMF) has rapid ignition capability. The non-toxic hypergolic miscible fuel (NHMF) contains 3 species. Namely, a polar organic species miscible with hydrogen peroxide, a propagator, which may be substituted or unsubstituted amines, amides or diamines, and an inorganic metal salt, which reacts to form a catalyst in solution or as a colloid. The inorganic metal salt is miscible with the polar organic species and the propagator in solution. The catalyst has a faster rate of reaction with said rocket grade hydrogen peroxide than the propagator, the propagator has a faster rate of reaction with the rocket grade hydrogen peroxide than the polar organic species, and the polar organic species, propagator and catalyst are mutually soluble.

Abstract: Inorganic nitrate oxidizers are combined in novel eutectic compositions which place the oxidizers in liquid form at ambient temperatures. These liquid combinations are then used in the preparation of a wide variety of energetic formulations, notably solution and emulsion propellants.

Abstract: A gas-generating composition for air bags, which provides low explosion risk and low toxicity, has at least one gas-generating base selected among urazol and metal salts thereof, as the active ingredient, and an oxidizing agent. Urazol and metal salts thereof can effectively generate gas at a low burning temperature when in combination with the oxidizing agent.

Abstract: Provided is a gas generant composition which is improved in the self-retainabiity of a solid residue and has an excellent combustion speed. The gas generant composition contains a fuel comprising a metal azide or an organic compound, an oxidizing agent, and at least one additive selected from a ceramic whisker or fiber of aluminum borate, potassium titanate, alumina, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and zinc oxide.

Abstract: The thermal stability of an N,N-dinitramide salt of the formula M.sup.+ ?N(NO.sub.2).sub.2 !.sup.- where M.sup.+ is a nitrogen-containing cation, is improved by mixing with the N,N-dinitramide salt a compound of the formula ##STR1## where R, R' and R" are the same or different and are aryl or alkyl. A new composition of matter is formed by mixing the N,N-dinitramide salt and the prophosphatrane compound.

Abstract: A low-solids gas generating composition, comprising a mixture of a fuel selected for the group consisting of guanidine nitrate, nitroguanidine, cellulose, cellulose acetate, hexamine, and mixtures thereof, and an oxidizer selected from the group consisting of ceric ammonium nitrate, lithium nitrate, lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, phase stabilized ammonium nitrate, a combination of ammonium nitrate with potassium nitrate, potassium perchlorate, or mixtures thereof, such that the combination is a solid solution, a mixture of ammonium perchlorate and at least one alkali metal salt, and mixtures thereof, where the fuel is not nitroguanidine when the oxidizer includes ammonium nitrate. The combination of ammonium nitrate with other salts in solid solution is intended to phase stabilize the ammonium nitrate. The oxidizer-fuel mixture is within about 4 percent of stoichiometric balance.

Abstract: Multicomponent pyrotechnic gas generating compositions are provided which comprise a single or multiple nonazide fuel. The single and multiple fuels are selected from guanidine, azole, and other high nitrogen aliphatic, aromatic, and/or heterocyclic compounds. The fuels are blended with single and multiple oxidizers. Other materials are added to the compositions for processing, aiding ignition, enhancing ballistics, reducing particulates, and scavenging undesirable gaseous decomposition products. A significant amount of nontoxic gas is formed at acceptable flame temperatures when these compositions are combusted, which allow their use in automotive air bag safety systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an autoignition composition for safely initiating combustion of a main pyrotechnic charge in a gas generator or pyrotechnic device exposed to flame or a high temperature environment. The autoignition compositions of the invention include a mixture of an oxidizer composition and a powdered metal, wherein the oxidizer composition includes at least one of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate, a complex salt nitrate, such as Ce(NH.sub.4).sub.2 (NO.sub.3).sub.6 or ZrO(NO.sub.3).sub.2, a dried, hydrated nitrate, such as Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2 .multidot.4H.sub.2 O or Cu(NO.sub.3).sub.2 .multidot.2.5H.sub.2 O, silver nitrate, an alkali or alkaline earth chlorate, an alkali or alkaline earth metal perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, a nitrite of sodium, potassium, or silver, or a solid organic nitrate, nitrite, or amine, such as guanidine nitrate, nitroguanidine and 5-aminotetrazole, respectively.

Abstract: Gas generating compositions and methods for their use are provided. Metal complexes are used as gas generating compositions. These complexes are comprised of a metal cation template, a neutral ligand containing hydrogen and nitrogen, and sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the complex. The complexes are formulated such that when the complex combusts, nitrogen gas and water vapor is produced. Specific examples of such complexes include metal nitrite ammine, metal nitrate ammine, and metal perchlorate ammine complexes, as well as hydrazine complexes. A binder and co-oxidizer can be combined with the metal complexes to improve crush strength of the gas generating compositions and to permit efficient combustion of the binder. Such gas generating compositions are adaptable for use in gas generating devices such as automobile air bags.

Abstract: Inorganic nitrate oxidizers are combined in novel eutectic compositions which place the oxidizers in liquid form at ambient temperatures. These liquid combinations are then used in the preparation of a wide variety of energetic formulations, notably solution and emulsion propellants.

Abstract: Gas generating compositions and methods for their use are provided. Metal complexes are used as gas generating compositions. These complexes are comprised of a metal cation template, a neutral ligand containing hydrogen and nitrogen, and sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the complex. The complexes are formulated such that when the complex combusts, nitrogen gas and water vapor is produced. Specific examples of such complexes include metal nitrite ammine, metal nitrate ammine, and metal perchlorate ammine complexes, as well as hydrazine complexes. A binder and co-oxidizer can be combined with the metal complexes to improve crush strength of the gas generating compositions and to permit efficient combustion of the binder. Such gas generating compositions are adaptable for use in gas generating devices such as automobile air bags.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stabilized hydroxylammonium nitrate or hydroxylamine-containing composition comprising said hydroxylammonium nitrate or hydroxylamine and a pyridine or pyridone salt, or an acid thereof, said pyridine or pyridone salt, or acid thereof, being present in said composition in an amount of between about 0.0001% and about 2%, based upon the weight of said composition. Also disclosed is a process for preparing this composition.

Abstract: Liquid gas generant compositions are aqueous solutions of hydroxylammonium nitrate as the oxidizer and a fuel selected from the group consisting of nitrate salts of amines of the formulae:A.sup.1) an amino tetrazole or amino triazole,A.sup.2) an amine of the formulae (I) (NHZ).sub.2 --C.dbd.O, (II) (NHZ).sub.2 --C.dbd.NZ, (III) HN--(CO--NHZ).sub.2, where the Zs are the same or different and are selected from H and NH.sub.2,A.sup.3) C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 -alkyldiamine, andmixtures of the nitrate salts of amines of the above formulae.

Abstract: A gas generating mixture comprises a high nitrogen and low carbon fuel from he group nitroguanidine (NIGU), tiraminoguanidine nitrate (TAGN), diguanidinium-5,5'-azotetrazolate (GZT) or 3-nitro-l,2,3-triazol-5-one (NTO), as well as copper diammine dinitrate Cu(NH.sub.3).sub.2 (NO.sub.3).sub.2 as the oxidizer and a pyrophoric metal or such a metal alloy on a carrier catalyst.

Abstract: Complex generating compositions and methods for their use are provided. Metal complexes are used as gas generating compositions. These complexes are comprised of a cationic metal template, sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the complex, and a neutral ligand containing hydrogen and nitrogen. Hyradzine complexes are formulated such that when the complex combusts nitrogen gas and water vapor is produced. Specific examples of such complexes include metal nitrite ammine, metal nitrate ammine, and metal perchlorate ammine complexes, as well as hydrazine complexes. Such complexes are adaptable for use in gas generating devices such as automobile air bags.

Abstract: A gas generating mixture comprises a high nitrogen and low carbon fuel from he group nitroguanidine (NIGU), triaminoguanidine nitrate (TAGN), diguanidinium-5,5'-azotetrazolate (GZT) and 3-nitro-1,2-3-triazol-5-one (NTO), as well as copper diammine dinitrate Cu(NH.sub.3).sub.2 (NO.sub.3).sub.2 as the oxidizer and V.sub.2 O.sub.5 /MoO.sub.3 mixed oxides and/or oxide mixtures as the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a gas generating composition for, when ignited, providing inflation fluid for inflating an air bag (16) of a vehicle occupant protection device (12). The composition comprises a cyanamide compound complexed with a transition metal nitrate, and a supplemental oxidizing salt admixed with the complex. A preferred cyanamide is dicyandiamide. A preferred complex is bis(dicyandiamide)copper(I)nitrate.

Abstract: Gas generant compositions utilize cupric nitrate complexes of nitrogen-containing compounds as fuels in conjunction with an oxidizer.

Abstract: A gas generant composition comprises between about 30 and about 85 wt. % of A) fuel, and between about 15 and about 70 wt % of B) oxidizer based on total weight of A) plus B). At least about 60 wt %, up to 100 wt % of the fuel A) comprises an nitrate salt of a polyamine of the general formula selected from the group consisting of: ##STR1## wherein in formulae (I)-(III) the Zs are the same or different and are selected from H and NH.sub.2,(IV) C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 -alkyl diamine, and mixtures thereof. At least about 60 wt %, up to 100 wt % of the oxidizer B) comprises basic copper(II) nitrate, i.e. Cu(NO.sub.3).sub.2.3Cu(OH).sub.2 and/or cobalt(III)triammine trinitrate, i.e., Co(NH.sub.3).sub.3.(NO.sub.3).sub.3.

Abstract: Gas generating compositions and methods for their use are provided. Metal complexes are used as gas generating compositions. These complexes are comprised of a cationic metal template, sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the complex, and a neutral ligand containing hydrogen and nitrogen. The complexes are formulated such that when the complex combusts nitrogen gas and water vapor is produced. Specific examples of such complexes include metal nitrite ammine, metal nitrate ammine, and metal perchlorate ammine complexes, as well as hydrazine complexes. Such complexes are adaptable for use in gas generating devices such as automobile air bags.

Abstract: High solids pressable explosive compositions containing a liquid energetic polymer and a high performance explosive oxidizer are disclosed. The pressable explosive compositions contain a solids content between 91 and 99 weight percent, with an energetic polymer content less than 9 weight percent. The energetic polymer has a weight average molecular weight greater than 10,000, determined using a polystyrene standard, sufficient to use the polymer precipitation technique in preparing the pressable explosive compositions. Chain-extended PGN (polyglycidyl nitrate) is a preferred energetic polymer. The pressable explosives disclosed herein produce extremely high detonation pressure, high detonation velocity, and excellent metal accelerating capability.

Abstract: Gas-generating mixtures for rescue and air bag systems, as well as rocket d tubular weapon drive systems comprise high nitrogen and low carbon fuels GZT, TAGN, NG or NTO catalysts for pollutant gas reduction/reaction acceleration of V.sub.2 O.sub.5 /McO.sub.3 mixed oxides and/or oxide mixtures, the oxidizer Cu(NO.sub.3).sub.2 *3Cu(OH).sub.2, which permits a cold, rapid combustion and optionally the additional coolant Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, which has further oxidizer characteristics.

Abstract: A gas-generating mixture for rescue and air bag systems, as well as for ret and tubular weapon drive systems comprises high nitrogen, low carbon fuels GZT, TAGN, NG or NTO, the cold and fast burning oxidizer Cu(NO.sub.3).sub.2 *3Cu(OH).sub.2 and a catalyst for reducing pollutant gases, accelerating the reaction and cooling formed by a pyrophoric metal or a pyrophoric alloy on a carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of gas-generating pyrotechnic compositions intended for motor vehicle safety.The compositions according to the invention include:an oxygen-containing thermoplastic binder and especially a block aliphatic copolymer of formula: ##STR1## in which: PA is a polyamide block,PE is a polyether block,n is a number between 2 and 10,an energetic plasticizer which is a polyglycidyl azide,an oxidizing charge in which at least 85% of its weight consists of ammonium nitrate.The compositions according to the invention burn without solid residues and can be employed in gas generators without a filter chamber.

Abstract: The energetic salts of 3-nitramino-4-nitrofurazan have a desirable combination of desirable properties such as sufficiently high densities, and low or no hydrogen content. The salts are useful as ingredients in various propellant, explosive, gassifier, and pyrotechnic compositions. 3-Nitramino-4-nitrofurazan is itself a useful energetic compound and is also useful in the synthesis of still further energetic compounds.

Abstract: A pentafluorosulfanylnitramide salt that is ammonium pentafluorosulfanylnamide, sodium pentafluorosulfanylnitramide, potassium pentafluorosulfanylnitramide, lithium pentafluorosulfanylnitramide, or cesium pentafluorosulfanylnitramide. These salts are useful as energetic oxidizers in explosives and propellants.

Abstract: A sodium-azide-free gas-generating composition includes an oxidizable inorganic fuel, such as a metal, and an oxidizing agent containing oxygen and a metal. The fuel and the oxidizing agent are selected such that water vapor is produced upon reaction between the inorganic fuel and the oxidizing agent. Although a number of inorganic fuels can be employed, a suitable fuel can be a transition metal, another element such as silicon, boron, aluminum, magnesium, an intermetallic compound, hydrides of these metals and mixtures thereof. Suitable oxidizing agents are selected from basic metal carbonates and basic metal nitrates. The fuel and oxidizing agent are selected such that substantially nontoxic gases are produced such as mixtures of water vapor and either carbon dioxide or nitrogen.

Abstract: Autoigniting compositions containing a hydrazine salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one for the gas generator of a vehicle occupant restraint system result in rapid autoignition at temperatures from approximately 150.degree. C. (302.degree. F.) to 220.degree. C. (428.degree. F.) thereby allowing the gas generator to operate at lower temperatures to facilitate use of an aluminum canister. The autoignition compositions of the present invention are relatively insensitive to shock or impact, are safe to manufacture and handle, and are advantageously classified as Class B materials.

Abstract: A vehicle occupant restraint assembly comprises a vehicle occupant restraint (20), a housing (14), gas generating material (16) within the housing, an igniter (18) for the gas generating material, and gas flow means (22) for directing gas from the housing to the vehicle occupant restraint.

Abstract: Ammonium nitrate is phase-stabilized against Phase IV.rarw..fwdarw.Phase III transition and the undesired volume changes associated with that phase change by including an effective amount of at least one metal dinitramide salt having the formula MX.sub.n wherein M is a metal cation, X is a dinitramide anion, and n is 1, 2 or 3. The phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate is useful in energetic applications such as solid propellants and explosives.

Abstract: A N,N-dinitramide salt is disclosed having the formula MN(NO.sub.2).sub.2 where M is a cation selected from the class consisting of a metal ion and a nitrogen-containing ion. The dinitramide salt exhibits high temperature stability, high energy density, and an absence of smoke generating halogens, rendering it useful as an oxidizer in rocket fuels. The dinitramide salts are meltable and pumpable oxidizers which may be used in start-stop rocket engines instead of other less stable oxidizers.

Abstract: This invention is for new compounds, namely, diethanolammoniummethylcubane nitrates, a composition of diethanolammonium methylcubyl nitrates - hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) solutions and their method of use as aqueous liquid gun propellant ingredients.

Abstract: A liquid monopropellant composition comprising the water solution of an hydroxylammonium nitrate and a compatible water soluble or water dispersible fuel.

Abstract: Gas generating compositions or propellants are provided which comprise a fuel and a novel oxidizer therefor comprising an inorganic compound having a poly(nitrito) transition metal complex anion. The inorganic oxidant compounds are generically represented by the formula:M.sub.x.sup.1 M.sub.y.sup.2 (NO.sub.2).sub.zwherein (1) M.sup.1 is a metal selected from the (a) Group IA alkali metals, (b) Group IIA alkaline earth metals, preferably strontium, (c) Group IB metals, preferably copper, and (d) Group IIB metals, preferably zinc, of the Periodic Table, (2) M.sup.2 is a metal selected from the transition metals of Groups IVA-IIB of the Periodic Table, (3) x=1, 2, 3, or 4; y=1 or 2, and z=4 or 6 as determined by the required stoichiometry of the metals of the complex, and (4) the M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 metals selected are different metals. M.sup.1 is preferably the Group IA alkali metals, more preferably sodium and potassium, and most preferably potassium. M.sup.

Abstract: A solid propellant acts in a chamber to propel a member such as a rocket, the chamber being closed to the atmosphere. The propellant provides high density-impulses and, when combusted, produces end products which do not have any deleterious effects. The propellant includes a binder/reducing agent having hydrocarbyl linkages including --CH.sub.2 -- and a lead compound oxidizer formed from an inorganic lead oxidizer salt. The oxidizer has dense characteristics and stable properties at ambient temperatures and through a range of temperatures above ambient. A second oxidizer made from a metallic salt (not including lead) such as potassium perchlorate may also be included in the propellant. Carbon, preferably in particulate form, may also be included in the mixture as an additional reducing agent. The different materials are included in the propellant in relative amounts by weight to reduce the lead salt in the oxidizer to lead oxide.

Abstract: A method for improving the disperion of particulate materials in intermollar explosive compositions which comprises dry blending at least one fuel compound and at least one oxidizer compound, a viscosity modifier and a dispersable particulate material, melt blending the resulting dry blend, and thereafter casting the melt into a suitable form, casing or mold. The viscosity modifier suitable for use in the invention is a cationic salt of carboxymethylcellulose ether. The viscosity modifier is added in an amount sufficient to achieve a desired melt viscosity.

Abstract: An explosive-grade ammonium nitrate product dimensionally stabilized with a hydratable internal additive in an amount from 0.05 to 2.0% (wt/wt), having a bulk density in the range from 0.80 to 0.96 gm/cm.sup.3, exhibiting a porosity such that the product will absorb and retain at least 5% (wt/wt) of a fuel oil, retaining a particulate (prill) hardness of at least 15 kg/cm.sup.2 and having a Caking Index of less than 1.4 kg/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: To deploy an inflatable member, such as an occupant restraint safety bag in a motor vehicle, a liquid propellant is expelled from a storage reservoir into a reaction chamber through ports created at frangible pressure points in the reservoir wall and ignited by detonation of an explosive charge to generate a non-toxic, bag inflating gas by exothermic reaction.

Abstract: A gas generant composition devoid of azides which yields solid combustion products which are easily filtered rendering the gases useful for inflating automobile occupant restraint bags.

Abstract: A thermite mixture with a low autoignition temperature for venting ordnance ase sidewalls during fuel fire, having increased density, tensile strength and elasticity.

Abstract: Liquid oxidizer comprising an aqueous solution of hydroxyl ammonium nitrate nd a nitrate salt that is ammonium nitrate or hydrazine mononitrate.