Abstract: An apparatus and method for economically copolymerizing ethylene and alpha-olefin by reusing reacting raw materials and solvents, comprising: a polymerization reactor where ethylene and alpha-olefin are supplied as reaction raw materials with a solvent, and the reaction raw materials are copolymerized in a solution state to produce a polymerization product comprising a dissolved ethylene and alpha-olefin copolymer; a unit for separating unreacted ethylene, alpha-olefin, low molecular weight oligomer and a polymer, including a flash tower for distilling and separating the unreacted ethylene and alpha-olefin from the polymerization product, and a stripper unit for distilling and separating the solvent and the low molecular weight oligomer having a molecular weight lower than the molecular weight of the ethylene and alpha-olefin copolymer in the polymerization product; and a solvent recovery unit for separating the low molecular weight oligomer from the separated low molecular weight oligomer and solvent to reco

Abstract: A system and process is disclosed for treating foul condensate such as foul condensate produced in a Kraft pulp mill. Foul condensate is directed through a steam stripper to produce a clean condensate that is partially evaporated by a volatile rich vapor stream produced by the steam stripper in the course of treating the foul condensate. Vapor produced by the evaporation of the clean condensate is directed to one or more electrically driven mechanical vapor re-compressors that produce the steam that is used in the steam stripper.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing solid wastes from oil field operations including removal of wastes from oil tanks by a washout and vacuum conveyance system to form a slurry containing solid particles, solid particle size reduction by one or more grinders and, optionally, high velocity transport through recirculation circuits and disposal by injection into a subterranean formation.

Abstract: A mineral composition for generating small water clusters, a small water cluster generating device and a seawater desalination equipment using the same and a small water cluster generating method are provided. The mineral composition includes a tourmaline, a quartz, a bleaching earth, a dolomite, a shale, and a porcelain clay. The small water cluster generating device includes the mineral composition and an energy supplying unit for supplying energy. The seawater desalination equipment includes the mineral composition, a heat supplying unit, and a cooling unit. The small water cluster generating method includes using the mineral composition on water or a solution and providing the energy.

Abstract: An improved water desalination system is disclosed, in which contaminated water such as seawater or brackish water is preheated and fed into a primary pressure vessel through a distribution head. The seawater is distributed from the distribution head over a non-adherent surface such as a plurality of silicone chords hanging below a distribution tank or a cone- and cylindrical-shaped surface. The water is exposed to a high temperature steam environment in the chamber to cause at least a portion of the water in the contaminated water to evaporate, while the remaining concentrated salts from the contaminated water fall to the bottom of the chamber. A portion of the steam in the primary pressure vessel is withdrawn to be condensed into fresh water. The energy withdrawn with the steam extracted from the primary pressure vessel is made up by a supplemental energy apparatus, such as a steam generator.

Abstract: The process separates oil and water from a sludge mixture by directing the sludge mixture into a rapidly rotating friction dryer having a cylindrical chamber with a smooth inner surface and a rotating rotor having rotor arms extending into closely spaced relation to the inner surface of the chamber. The rotor is rapidly rotated to form an annular bed of the sludge material while moving the material particles in the mixture axially and tangentially and while frictionally generating heat between the rotor arms and the sludge material sufficient to evaporate the water in the sludge material to steam. At the same time, the oil in the mixture is heated by the steam and evaporated at a temperature below the normal atmospheric boiling point of the oil. Thereafter, the separated evaporated oil and the steam are removed from the chamber.

Abstract: Process for generating a homogeneous gas mixture of o-xylene and air for the production of phthalic anhydride wherein o-xylene is completely evaporated in the absence of oxygen, superheated and then mixed with air and supplied to a phthalic anhydride reactor.

Abstract: Process and installation for extracting a monomer from an aqueous broth of a polymer, in which, after the broth has been heated, the broth is subjected to a depressurization in a depressurization chamber and is then introduced into a vertical column, divided into several chambers, on which are superimposed perforated plates, where the broth is flushed with an ascending stream of inert gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides a contactor apparatus and method for removing solvent from a polymer cement. The resulting polymer is substantially free of solvent and exhibits improved oil absorption and lower fines. In one aspect, a contactor is provided comprising a cylindrical casing having a high pressure section, a convergence section, a high velocity section, a divergence section, and a discharge section. The polymer cement is introduced into the high pressure section to significantly and unexpectedly improve solvent removal. The convergence and divergence sections have cross-sectional areas that correspond to an effective angle from about 4° to about 65°, such as 6°. The polymer cement is mixed with high pressure steam. After converging, the polymer cement forms more uniform droplets due to high shear of steam. In the divergence and discharge sections, the polymer is substantially devolatized.

Abstract: Process for generating a homogeneous gas mixture of o-xylene and air for the production for the production of phthalic anhydride wherein o-xylene is completely evaporated in the absence of oxygen, superheated and then mixed with air and supplied to a phthalic anhydride reactor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a tower for removing residual monomers in the manufacture of vinyl chloride resins (PVC). When residual monomers are removed from a PVC slurry after the slurry has undergone a polymerization due to contact with steam, the bubbles generated in the slurry are controlled to maintain stable fluid conditions. Residual monomers are effectively removed, and inclusion of foreign matter is inhibited. The tower has two or more levels and is divided into upper and lower sections. The inner diameter of the upper section is greater than that of the lower section. Each section is provided with at least one perforated tray. In addition, at least one hot water-ejecting device is provided in the tower.

Abstract: A process for concentrating spent sulphuric acids particularly sulphuric acids which arise during the nitration of hydrocarbons with nitric acid in the presence of sulphuric acid, wherein single- or multi-stage concentration is effected under vacuum.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for removing residual monomers from a slurry containing a polyvinyl chloride. The apparatus has a cylindrical tower with plural perforated plates provided in a vertical direction in the tower, plural chambers formed on the perforated plates serving as their bottom surface, slurry introducing portions provided at two or more of the chambers, flow-down sections provided between the perforated plates to allow the slurry to sequentially flow down from the perforated plate of an upper chamber to the perforated plate of a lower chamber, a steam introducing port at a bottom portion of the tower, a deaerating port at a top portion of the tower, a slurry discharging port at a chamber below a chamber having the slurry introducing port, and hot water ejectors directly under the perforated plates directed at least toward the lower surface of the perforated plates.

Abstract: A process for evaporating spent liquor or other waste liquids from cellulose cooking, The evaporation is performed in a multiplicity of evaporators which are coupled in series and in which the evaporation is driven using the liquor steam. The condensates from the steam are divided, in one of more effects, into at least two fractions with respect to purity. The parer fraction from one effect is conveyed, at a high level, into a subsequent effect in the direction of movement of the liquor, while the dirtier fraction is conveyed, at a high level or at the very top, into a preceding effect in the direction of movement of the liquor.

Abstract: A method of treating cellulose pulp mill condensates having an MeOH content using an evaporator and a steam stripper having a reboiler, comprising: (a) Collecting a feed liquor stream having at least 50% of the pulp mill MeOH. (b) Feeding the feed liquor stream to the evaporator having at least two heating element sections separated on a motive steam side. (c) Evaporating the liquor in the evaporator to produce a vapor containing at least 40% of the at least 50% of the pulp mill MeOH. (d) Compressing the vapor from (c) to increase the vapor pressure. (e) Using the vapor from (d) as condensing heating media in (c) for the evaporation in a first heating element section of the evaporator and venting a portion of the vapor through the first heating element section. (f) Compressing the vented vapor from the heating elements of the evaporator from (e) to increase the vapor pressure to be used as heating media in the reboiler.

Abstract: The present invention provides a contractor apparatus and method for removing solvent from a polymer cement. The resulting polymer is substantially free of solvent and exhibits improved oil absorption and lower fines. In one aspect, a contractor is provided including a cylindrical casing having a high pressure section, a convergence section, a high velocity section, a divergence section, and a discharge section. The polymer cement is introduced into the high pressure section to significantly and unexpectedly improve solvent removal. The convergence and divergence sections have cross-sectional areas that correspond to an effective angle from about 4° to about 65°, such as 6°. The polymer cement is mixed with high pressure steam. After converging, the polymer cement forms more uniform droplets due to high shear of steam. In the divergence and discharge sections, the polymer is substantially devolatized.