Abstract: An evaporator comprises: a housing with a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet; heat transfer tubes that are contained in the housing, in which chilled water for heat exchange with refrigerant inside the housing flows; at least one distribution tray that is placed apart from the heat transfer tubes and has a plurality of holes for distributing refrigerant over the underlying heat transfer tubes; a vapor-liquid separator that is placed apart from the bottom of the distribution tray and separates an introduced refrigerant into a vapor refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant; and a pair of support frames that are fixed to either side of the width direction of the housing, wherein the vapor-liquid separator comprises: a chamber that has an inlet port communicating with the refrigerant inlet, a vapor refrigerant exit communicating with the refrigerant outlet, and a plurality of holes formed in the bottom to distribute the liquid refrigerant to the distribution tray; and a plurality of side arms that are formed

Abstract: A heat exchanger header for receiving a first fluid includes a tubular primary fluid channel oriented along a first axis and having a first cross-sectional area. A first branched region adjacent to the primary fluid channel fluidly connects to a plurality of tubular secondary fluid channels, each having a second cross-sectional area, and a second branched region adjacent to each of the secondary fluid channels fluidly connects to a plurality of tubular tertiary fluid channels, each having a third cross-sectional area. The second cross-sectional area is greater than the third cross-sectional area.

Abstract: A water treatment system for treating viscous sludge containing entrained solids in water by evaporating the water from the viscous sludge to produce water and dehydrated solids including a tank with an internal agitator with an associated rotary meter to dispense metered quantities of the sludge into a subsequent dehydrator for heating the sludge to evaporate the water therefrom to produce dehydrated solids exiting through a meter and a gas containing evaporated water going to a condenser connected to the dehydrator to receive gas therefrom for condensing it into a liquid that is discharged from the system and provide dehydrated gas to a subsequent vacuum pump that maintains a relatively static vacuum.

Abstract: This drying/carbonizing device is formed from providing within a drying chamber: a plurality of tubes, to one end of which an inlet is formed and to the other end of which an outlet is formed, of which the upper and lower ends are interconnected to each other to form a single chain, and which have rotatable screw conveyers therewithin that are disposed in a manner so that the outward paths and return paths vertically alternate; horizontal tubes that are attached at appropriate intervals along the lengthwise direction of the plurality of tubes and that are horizontal discharge tubes connected to the plurality of tubes; vertical tubes that are connected to the ends of the horizontal tubes and that are provided in the vertical direction; and a bottom collection tube that is provided horizontally to the bottom, links the ends of the vertical tubes, and removes gas.

Abstract: A compact evaporator system is provided having a horizontal vapor separator and a horizontal forced circulation heat exchanger utilizing mechanical vapor recompression. The vapor separator has at least one product chamber having at least one product passage configured to receive at least one product. The vapor separator can also have at least one vapor chamber in fluid communication with the at least one product chamber having at least one vapor passage, wherein the at least one vapor chamber has a substantially horizontal orientation. The vapor separate can be configured such that a portion of the at least one product evaporates in the product chamber to produce a vapor that travels into the at least one vapor chamber, residual entrained droplets are removed from the vapor as it flows laterally through the vapor chamber, and the vapor is then discharged through the at least one vapor passage.

Abstract: A total evaporator for fluids, including a cold chamber to prevent pre-evaporation, an evaporation region connected thereto having narrow flow cross-section for fast evaporation of the fluid, and a subsequent vapor chamber for pulsation damping and the controlled superheating of the vapor, the evaporation region being formed by a gap between concentrically nested cylindrical and/or conical tube sections and heat required for the evaporation and superheating processes is supplied by electric heating and/or by hot fluid and/or by catalytic or homogeneous combustion via the wall of the concentric tubes.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment apparatus and method with stair-like heat treatment tanks for performing a breakdown process are disclosed, in which the apparatus comprises: a mixing tank, for evenly mixing wastewater with reaction agents and thus forming a mixed solution; a plurality of heat treatment tanks, for enabling the mixed solution to circulate therein while being heating for a period of time so as to perform an organic destruction process upon the mixed solution and thus cause a discharging liquid to be formed; a heat exchanger, for enabling a heat exchanging process between the discharging liquid and the mixed solution to be performed therein; a condensation tank, for receiving and cooling the discharging liquid; a water purifier, for purifying and thus separating the discharging water into a cleaned water and a concentrated liquid for outputting; an agent recycling unit, for electrolyzing the concentrated liquid so as to recycle the reaction agents.

Abstract: A vapor compression distillation system (10) is provided and includes a fluid inlet (12) for receiving a fluid, a fluid outlet (14) for a distillate that has been distilled from the fluid, a heat exchanger (16) connected to the fluid inlet (12) and the fluid outlet (14) to transfer heat from the distillate to the fluid; and an integrated motor/compressor unit (18) connected to the heat exchanger (16) to receive vaporized distillate therefrom and to supply pressurized distillate thereto. The system 10 may further include a coolant system (20) connected to the integrated motor/compressor (18) to supply a coolant flow thereto. The system (10) may also include an air oil mist system (22) that is connected to the integrated motor/compressor unit (18) to supply an air oil mist thereto for bearing lubrication and cooling.

Abstract: A multi-effect evaporator, having an upstream and a downstream end, adapted for distillation of water. It comprises a plurality of effects serially connected and arranged into groups. Each group has a common parallel water feed inlet adapted to supply all effects in the group with feed water. The evaporator further includes a main feed water line in fluid communication with the most upstream group. An array of heaters is disposed along the line, adapted for heating the feed water before its entry into the effects of the latter group. Each effect comprises means for forwarding the second outlet vapor into one of the heaters for heating the feed water. Each group comprises a pump adapted to extract the concentrate from the effects of the group and pump it into the common parallel water feed of an adjacent downstream group.

Abstract: Provided for separating polymer from a slurry comprising polymer and unreacted carrier fluid is (a) a method comprising supplying slurry to a first heating means to increase the temperature of the slurry, using a first separator means to extract a portion of unreacted carrier fluid from the slurry to obtain a slurry enriched in polymer, supplying the enriched slurry to a second heating means to increase the temperature of the enriched slurry, and using a second separator means to extract an additional portion of unreacted carrier fluid from the enriched slurry to obtain a further enriched slurry, and (b) an apparatus comprising a first heating means, a first separator means, a second heating means and a second separator means.

Abstract: A method of operating an evaporator is described. In evaporator feed water, a Taylor bubble is developed which has an outer surface including a thin film in contact with an inner surface of an outer wall of an evaporator tube. The Taylor bubble is heated as it rises within the evaporator tube so that liquid in the thin film transitions into vapor within the bubble.

Abstract: Rubber-free copolymers of unsaturated monomers selected from the group comprising styrenes and vinyl cyanides are disclosed. The copolymers that contain 65 to 80 wt. %, of styrene and 20 to 35 wt. % of acrylonitrile are characterized in their low content of residual monomers and improved physical properties. Also disclosed are a process and a device for the preparation of these copolymers.

Abstract: A continuous vacuum pan includes a cylindrical housing having a vertical axis, at least one liquid heating pan within the housing, and a vertical tube, floating calandria within the liquid heating pan. The vertical tube floating calandria has a downcomer between its periphery and the periphery of the liquid heating pan, and a gap is provided between the bottom of the calandria and the bottom of the liquid heating pan. Radially extending baffles in the liquid heating pan define a plurality of compartments located in series with one another, the compartments ranging from a first upstream compartment to a downstream output compartment. Ports are provided in all of the baffles except in the baffle between the output compartment and the first compartment. The ports are spaced from the bottom of the liquid heating pan, permitting communication between the compartments.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a device for evaporating liquids, for example black liquor from cellulose cooking, which contain solid and dissolved substances which are to be concentrated. The liquid is heated to close to boiling temperature in a heat exchanger (1) of the falling-film type. The process is characterized in that the pressure on the liquid side in the falling-film heat exchanger (1) is kept so high that boiling does not take place in this heat exchanger and in that the evaporation takes place, by means of flashing, in a separate expansion tank (7) that has a lower steam.

Abstract: The present water reclamation system includes a series of concentric thin shells. The shells mount within a housing that can be maintained under vacuum or low pressure. The shells rotate at high velocity. Contaminated liquid from outside the housing is injected into the space between half the shells. The centrifugal force causes the liquid to form a thin film along the inward facing surface of the shell. A compressor lowers the pressure adjacent the thin film causing the liquid to boil. The compressor carries the vapor to the other side of those shells at a slightly higher temperature. There the vapor encounters the wall, which is cooler because its heat was transferred to boil the contaminated liquid. The vapor condenses, and rotation throws the condensate against the adjacent wall where it is collected. When condensing, the heat of condensation transfers to the shell for boiling the incoming contaminated liquid.

Abstract: A liquid to gas converter to convert liquids (1) to gas (2) that can include a liquid pressurization element (3), a liquid preheating element (5), and a nozzle (10) to disperse liquids into energy (7) generated by an energy source (8). The gas to liquid converter can be located inside an enclosure (17) and substances dissolved in the liquid can accumulate as solids (13) on deposition surface (12) of the enclosure as the liquid (1) converts to gas Cis (2). Condensation of a portion of the gas (2) generated can be combined with the solids (13) for continuous removal of such solids (13) from the enclosure (17). A gas expansion compensator can generate a pressure gradient (24) to move the volume of gas generated from the liquid from the enclosure (17).

Abstract: A device and process for the removal of volatile constituents from polymers is disclosed. The device entails a container having an inlet for a polymer solution, an outlet for the volatile components, an outflow for the polymer from which the volatile components have been removed and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is characterized in that it contains a plurality of specially structured channels.

Abstract: One or more water distillation chambers are provided wherein water containing salt or other impurities enters an upper inlet at a chamber and flows down a solar heated evaporative surface. The evaporative surface may be the interior of a pipe or the surface of a bottom sheet enclosed by a cover. In this way, the steam produced in the process will be constrained and be guided into a steam drum. The steam drum interior has cooling tubes whereby vapor entering the steam drum will be condensed into fresh water and collected for use. The cover may be heated to limit the amount of vapor condensing back into water before entering the steam drum. Multiple evaporation chambers and steam collection stages limit the distance water vapor must travel before entering a steam drum of a given stage, thereby minimizing the loss of water vapor through re-condensation before the vapor enters the steam drum.

Abstract: A process of evaporating a viscous polymer solution is described. The process includes: (a) providing a viscous polymer solution including at least 30 wt. % of solvents and monomers; (b) introducing the viscous polymer solution into a heated helix (5), the heated helix having a vapor exit velocity of 200 to 300 m/s, (a film flow including a two-phase mixture of polymer melt, and solvent vapors and monomer vapors being formed within the helix); (c) forwarding the film flow from helix (5) into a heated vapor separator (6); (d) expanding the two-phase mixture of polymer melt, and solvent vapors and monomer vapors of the film flow within vapor separator (6) at an absolute pressure of 10 mbar to 800 mbar, (a bottom product including a concentrated melt of the polymer is formed within the vapor separator); and (e) withdrawing the bottom product from vapor separator (6).

Abstract: A lamina stack for a two-pass evaporator composed of laminae for converting two media mass streams from a liquid state into a gaseous state, comprises at least two laminae. Structures comprising recesses and raised regions on a first media lamina form a first media chamber perfused by one of the media mass streams. The structures on a second media lamina form a second media chamber perfused by the other one of the media mass streams. The at least two of the laminae can be supplied with thermal energy. Both media laminae have comparable structures, with at least a majority of the recesses in the one of the media laminae being disposed above or below the raised regions of the respective other media lamina.