Abstract: An organometallic compound represented by the general formula (I) ##STR1## or the general formula (II)R-M.sup.2 -R (II)is evaporated, and then passed through the inner tube of a heat exchanger to be precipitated. The heat exchanger is then heated to re-evaporate the organometallic compound, and the re-evaporated organometallic compound is then precipitated in a filling container which is connected to said heat exchanger and cooled down to a prescribed temperature to fill the container.

Abstract: A method for evaporating a starting solution to produce an end solution by spraying the starting solution into a gaseous medium under the conditions that the heat content of the starting solution in contact with the gaseous medium is smaller than the heat content of the gaseous medium; the duration of contact is such that most of the evaporation of solution takes place under conditions of constant enthalpy; and the vapor pressure of the gaseous medium is less than the vapor pressure of the liquid/gas interface of the end solution including the step of spraying the starting solution supplied by delivering devices using a pump through spray heads, each spray head includes a member having a plurality of holes the radii of which are not less than 0.025 mm and the distance between them is at least 0.3 mm for producing a shower of starting solution droplets of substantially constant radius substantially independent of spray head operating pressure. An apparatus for evaporating a starting solution is also provided.

Abstract: A stack type evaporator includes tubular elements 1 each having a plurality of inwardly protruding recessed ribs 7 which extend from an upper header portion 1a of the element to a lower header portion 1b, with the ribs serving as straight drainage canals 7a of specified width and area. A hydrophilic resin coating of a specific composition covers the outer surfaces of the tubular elements 1 and fins 2 each interposed between two adjacent tubular elements. The combination of straight drainage canals, the specified width and area thereof and the specific hydrophilic resin coating is effective to facilitate the drainage of condensed water so that the waterdrop is substantially prevented from flying out of the evaporator, and the hydrophilic coating itself does not emit any unpleasant smell.

Abstract: A desalination system includes a transfer conduit between a pool of salt water and a pool of desalinated water. The conduit is initially filled with water and is then elevated so that a portion of the conduit is above the syphon height of water at atmospheric pressure with the open ends of the conduit submerged below the respective pools. Using solar heat to create a temperature differential in the conduit, desalinated water vapor is transferred across a partial vacuum volume formed in the conduit.

Abstract: A system for continuously recovering renewable volatile compounds by boiling points from waste organic solvent with minimum energy loss, and an improved thin membrane distillation apparatus for efficient distillation of renewable volatile compounds from waste organic solvent and enforced discharge of the residue or sludge. The waste treatment system includes a thin membrane distillation apparatus, a cooling unit, a first distillation unit, and a second distillation unit connected in this sequence. Alternatively, the system includes two thin membrane distillation apparatus, a reduced pressure distillation unit, and a normal pressure distillation unit connected in this sequence. The thin membrane distillation apparatus includes a decompression chamber, a waste inlet, an outlet for volatile compound, an air-tight chamber, and a breaking mechanism with a screw head movable into the air-tight chamber.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a material for medical and pharmaceutical products from pyroligneous acid extracted as water content in smoke generated by baking arbor and bark. Pyroligneous acid is heated, and resultant evaporation gas in a temperature range 98.degree. to 103.degree. C. is extracted and liquified by cooling.

Abstract: A process for producing low alcoholic wine includes the following steps: evaporating alcohol-containing wine in a vacuum evaporator so that a first mixture comprising water, alcohol and flavoring substance is separated from a second mixture having a low-alcoholic content, separating water from said first mixture in a multistage flavor substance apparatus and drawing off a third mixture comprising alcohol and flavoring substance, distilling alcohol from the third mixture, adding the water from the multistage flavor substance apparatus to a mixing vessel in an amount, which together with the low-alcohol second mixture and the flavoring substances produces a quantity of low-alcoholic wine having an alcoholic content below legally determined values for low-alcoholic wine, the process allowing only outputs of low-alcoholic wine, distilled alcohol and flavoring substances and inputs of essentially only the alcohol-containing wine.

Abstract: An integrated continuous processes for concentrating "weak" nitric acid and concurrently reconcentrating the spent dehydrating agent used to break the nitric acid azeotrope to obtain "strong" nitric acid, the processes involving direct coupling of the nitric acid concentration with the reconcentration of the spent dehydrating agent so that less energy input is required. The major proportion of the feed "weak" nitric acid is vaporized before being fed countercurrently into a column to contact a large volume of the dehydrating agent, this vaporization being one of the two major sources of energy input, the second being through the reboiler at the bottom of the column. Energy input is balanced by energy rejection through condensation of strong nitric acid vapor and water vapor.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a photographic process waste liquor in which the photographic process waste liquor stored in an evaporating device is heated and concentrated by evaporation with use of a heating device provided in the evaporating device, in that the evaporating device is provided with a precipitate separating device capable of separating a precipitate generated in a concentrated liquid to be formed through concentration by evaporation; a circulation system to feed again the concentrated liquid to the evaporating device through the precipitate separating device; and a discharging device for discharging the precipitate separated at the precipitate separating device.By use of the apparatus for treating photographic process waste liquor, thermal decomposition of the precipitate generated by concentration by evaporation of the photographic process waste liquor and generation of bad odor can be inhibited.

Abstract: A process for obtaining available elements from seawater is described, which process includes two separation steps. The first separation step involved adjusting the pH of seawater to a low pH by adding a strong acid having sulphate ion, adding a strongly alkaline agent thereto in amount sufficient to provide a high pH and separating the precipitate formed thereby from the filtrate. The second separation step involves concentrating the filtrate, cooling the concentrated filtrate and separating a precipitate thereby formed. Each precipitate and each filtrate obtained in these steps has characteristic components and can be utilized for many purposes, for example, for food additives, as a solvent for paint, as combustion aids, or as alkaline agents for neutralization etc.

Abstract: Water-insoluble crystallizable epoxy alcohols such as phenyl glycidol are recovered from epoxidation reaction mixtures by washing the mixture with water, concentrating the mixture by distillation under vacuum to remove unreacted hydroperoxide and alcohol co-product, and crystallizing the epoxy alcohol from solution. Minimal decomposition of the epoxy alcohol is observed.

Abstract: An atomizer with a capillary passage to a tip surface which is vibrated by a directly coupled ultrasonic device to disperse droplets of liquid fed to the passage. The tip is associated with a heated vaporization chamber, and a cooling chamber between the tip and the ultrasonic device protects the device from the heat of the chamber.

Abstract: Liquids, such as juices, milk, molten metal and the like are concentrated by forming uniformly-sized, small droplets in a precision droplet forming assembly (14) and deploying the droplets in free fall downwardly as a central column within an evacuated tower (12) having cool walls (32). A portion of the solvent evaporates. The vapor flows to the wall (32), condenses, and usually flows down the wall as a film (62) to condensate collector (26) and drain (28). The vertical column of freely-falling droplets enters the splash guard (68). The condensate can be collected, sent to other towers or recycled.

Abstract: A water treatment cartridge and method for producing ultrapure water is described. The cartridge comprises a container having therein a particulate admixture of activated carbon and mixed bed ion exchange resins. A source of water, preferably pretreated, is passed through the container, preferably following treatment by one or more cartridges containing mixed bed ion exchange resins. The carbon in the admixed cartridge removes residual organic contamination from the water and the resins remove ionic contamination from the carbon, without re-introducing organic material to the water.

Abstract: Food products in the form of blown beads are prepared by spraying a composition into a heated zone to dry and expand the sprayed product followed by subjecting the product to a cooling zone to thereby quench cool and to thereby aid in the control of their bulk density.