Abstract: Soft creped tissue paper products comprising papermaking fibers and a biodegradable crepe facilitating composition is disclosed. The crepe facilitating composition is a biodegradable bonding inhibitor, a cationic starch and a carboxymethyl cellulose. Preferably, the biodegradable bonding inhibitor is a biodegradable quaternary ammonium compound. The use of a biodegradable bonding inhibitor, a cationic starch and a carboxymethyl cellulose results in a creped tissue paper that is both strong and soft. A creped paper process comprising the addition of the crepe facilitating composition is also disclosed. The composition offers the potential to improve production capacity.

Abstract: Multi-ply facial tissue paper products comprising biodegradable chemical softener compositions and a combination of a wet strength binder, either permanent and/or temporary, and a dry strength binder is disclosed.The multi-ply facial tissue paper products contain a biodegradable chemical softening composition comprising a mixture of a biodegradable quaternary ammonium compound and a polyhydroxy compound. The multi-ply facial tissue paper products also contain an effective amount of a wet strength binder, either permanent and/or temporary, and a dry strength binder to control linting and/or to offset the loss in tensile strength, if any, resulting from the use of the biodegradable chemical softening compositions. The use of both wet strength binder, either permanent and/or temporary, and dry strength binder also improves the retention of the chemical softening composition in the sheet.

Abstract: A single or multi-ply tissue product includes at least one foam-formed ply incorporating at least about 100 ppm of forming-loop-incorporated surfactant, the ply includes from at least about 50% by weight to about 80% by weight of relatively short, high softness cellulosic fiber formed by chemical pulping of hardwood. The fibers have a weight average fiber length of between about 0.5 to about 2.2 mm, a coarseness of about 7 to about 14 mg of fiber per 100 m of fiber length (mg/100 m). The ply includes from at least about 20% by weight to about 50% by weight of relatively long strength-enhancing cellulosic fiber chosen from chemically pulped softwood fiber and chemi-thermo-mechanically pulped softwood fiber and mixtures thereof. The strength-enhancing cellulosic fiber have a weight average fiber length of about 2 to about 4 mm, a coarseness of about 14 to about 28 mg/100 m. Optionally, up to about 30% by weight of bulk-enhancing fibers having a three-dimensional anfractuous character may be provided.

Abstract: Multi-layered tissue paper webs comprising chemical softener compositions and binder materials are disclosed. The multi-layered tissue webs are useful in the manufacture of soft, absorbent paper products such as facial tissues and/or toilet tissues. The multi-layered tissue paper products contain a chemical softening composition comprising a mixture of a quaternary ammonium compound and a polyhydroxy compound. Preferred quaternary ammonium compounds include dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts such as di(hydrogenated)tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(hydrogenated)tallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate. Preferred polyhydroxy compounds are selected from the group consisting of glycerol, sorbitols, polyglycerols having a weight average molecular weight of from about 150 to about 800, polyoxyethylene glycols and polyoxypropylene glycols having a weight average molecular weight from about 200 to 4000.

Abstract: Multi-ply facial tissue paper products comprising chemical softener compositions and a combination of a wet strength binder, permanent and/or temporary, and a dry strength binder is disclosed.The multi-ply facial tissue paper products contain a chemical softening composition comprising a mixture of a quaternary ammonium compound and a polyhydroxy compound. Preferred quaternary ammonium compounds include dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts such as di(hydrogenated)tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride and/or di(hydrogenated)tallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate. Preferred polyhydroxy compounds are selected from the group consisting of glycerol, polyglycerols having a weight average molecular weight of from about 150 to about 800, polyoxyethylene glycols and polyoxypropylene glycols having a weight average molecular weight from about 200 to 1000.

Abstract: A high pulp content nonwoven composite fabric is disclosed. The composite fabric contains more than about 70 percent, by weight, pulp fibers which are hydraulically entangled into a continuous filament substrate. This high pulp content composite nonwoven fabric may be used as a heavy duty wiper or as a fluid distribution material, cover material, and/or absorbent material in an absorbent personal care product. Also disclosed is a method of making the high pulp content nonwoven composite fabric.

Abstract: Novel multi-layer paper and tissue products are provided, which possess strength, softness and absorbency. The products comprise either at least two foam deposited paper layers, wherein the foams have different air contents therein, or foam and water deposited layers. The layers can be deposited at about identical feed pressures from a single headbox while still possessing differing tensile strength ratios. Novel processes for forming such products are also provided.

Abstract: A laminated paperboard product and a process for making the product and shoe insoles made therefrom. The product is formed of a first layer with a mixture of a predominance of a polyolefin fibers (preferably polyethylene) that has been treated to make it hydrophilic and long fiber softwood pulp, and a second layer formed of a mixture of the polyolefin fiber (again preferably polyethylene) and a predominance long fiber softwood pulp.When made into shoe insoles, the product has a second ply formed of a third and a fourth layer. The third layer has a composition that is similar to the second layer in that the quantity of polyolefin is greater then the quantity of wood pulp and the fourth layer has a composition that is similar to the first layer in that the quantity of polyolefin is less then the quantity of wood pulp.

Abstract: A foam-formed nonlaminated stratified paper tissue and method of making the same includes a first zone of foam-formed paper tissue formed from a furnish of hardwood fiber. A second zone of foam-formed paper tissue is formed from a furnish of softwood fiber. The second zone is formed unitary and entangled with the first zone to form a nonlaminated stratified paper tissue. A high softness integument is defined adjacent to an outer surface of the first zone and a substratum is defined adjacent to a surface of the second zone spaced away from the integument. The integument on the outer surface of the first zone includes an enriched region having a substantial purity of hardwood fiber and the substratum on the surface of the second zone includes an enriched region having a substantial purity of softwood fiber. The enriched region of substantially pure hardwood fiber provides an extremely soft and smooth surface detectable by human somatic sensibility.

Abstract: The tea bag paper comprises a first phase of natural fibers in a weight percentage of from 60% to 85%, and a second phase of heat-sealable synthetic fibers with the remainder of the weight percentage of from 15% to 40%. The second phase penetrates the first phase in such a way that both sides of the paper are adapted to be heat-sealed, with the unit area weight of the paper being between 10 and 15 g/m.sup.2. The tea bag paper exhibits enhanced tea diffusion, and may be processed on special high-speed automatic tea packing machines, because it is heat-sealable on either side thereof.

Abstract: A foam-formed nonlaminated stratified paper tissue includes a first layer of bulky anfractuous fiber blend and a second layer of fiber blend having enhanced softness and caliper as compared to a conventional tissue of equivalent basis weight and strength. In a preferred embodiment, the first layer is a fiber blend of a bulky anfractuous fiber and a chemithermomechanical pulp. A method of forming a foam-formed nonlaminated stratified web of paper tissue material includes supplying a first furnish of a bulky anfractuous fiber blend directly to a foraminous support member. A second furnish of fiber blend is supplied onto the first furnish disposed on the foraminous support member. The furnishes may also be supplied in reverse order depending upon the forming configuration of the machine used. The first and second furnishes form a web of paper tissue material which is dried in a drying device to a predetermined dryness.

Abstract: A non-woven fibrous mat of generally random fiber orientation with built up lines or strips of fiber formed therein directionally oriented to enhance the strength and/or appearance of a mat and a method and apparatus for efficiently producing the same by differentially controlling dewatering in a wet mat process.

Abstract: Multilayer paper having an improved combination of stiffness and smoothness, and the processes for producing such paper products are disclosed. The multilayer papers are formed using chemical pulp, with the outer layers comprised of coarser, stronger fibers and the inner layer of finer but weaker fibers that exhibit a higher compressibility than the fibers of the outer layers. Such multilayer papers exhibit improved stiffness and strength from having the stronger fibers located in the outer layer, without losing the preferable surface smoothness of the finer inner-layer fibers, whose smoothness characteristics are reflected in the final surface smoothness.

Abstract: There is disclosed a tactile imaging paper comprising a tactile sheet and a backing sheet laminated together. The tactile sheet is a cellulosic sheet formed from a highly dilute furnish of from 30% to 60% chemically modified high alpha pulp, 35% to 70% solftwood pulp (or a mixture of softwood pulp and hardwood pulp with the hardwood pulp comprising up to 50% of the mixture), and 0.5% to 6% polyvinyl alcohol fiber. The tactile sheet is formed from the furnish without any wet pressing of the tactile sheet. Once the tactile sheet is dry, it is dry calendered to a density of from 0.3 to 0.9 grams per cubic centimeter. Moreover, the tactile sheet has a porosity of greater than 1000 centimeters per minute. The tactile sheet has a basis weight from 75 to 200 grams per square meter and with a laminated backing sheet the tactile imaging paper has a basis weight of about 190 gsm.

Abstract: Absorbent paper products, such as towels, absorbent wipes, toilet tissue, facial tissue and the like fibrous webs of relatively high bulk, are produced by a method comprising the steps of treating hydrophilic cellulosie fibers to impart kinks, curls, bends, twists, to the fibers; dispersing the treated fibers in an aqueous forming medium, and wet-forming a stratified single-ply web constituted of at least one stratum of the treated fibers and at least one stratum of conventional paper-making fibers. The treating step may consist of wet or dry mechanical working, chemical treatment or a combination of mechanical and chemical treatments. The web forming step comprises preparing a first aqueous furnish of the treated fibers, preparing a second aqueous furnish of the conventional fibers, and concurrently depositing the two furnishes in contiguous layers on a moving foraminous support.

Abstract: A delaminated stratified paper towel includes a dense first layer of chemical fiber blend and a second layer of a bulky anfractuous fiber blend unitary with the first layer. The first and second layers enhance a rate of absorption and water holding capacity of the paper towel. In a preferred embodiment, the second layer is a fiber blend having a high bulk softwood fiber and a chemi-thermomechanical pulp. A method of forming a delaminated stratified web of paper towel material includes supplying a first furnish directly to a wire and supplying a second furnish of a bulky anfractuous fiber blend directly onto the first furnish disposed on the wire. Drying the first and second furnishes forms a web of paper towel material having a predetermined dryness. The web of paper towel material is thereafter creped off of the drying device and embossed to a predetermined emboss depth. The web of paper towel material has an enhanced rate of absorption and water holding capacity.

Abstract: A sheet having substantially all of the qualities of liner board is formed solely from mechanical pulp using two different stocks to form discrete layers, one of the layers being preferably at least 50% coarse chemi-mechanical pulp and at least one surface layer being preferably of a chemi-mechanical fine pulp. Preferably the coarse layer will be a chemi-thermo-mechanical Douglas Fir pulp and the fine pulp will be a chemi-thermo-mechanical Western red cedar pulp.

Abstract: A method of producing multi-ply paper product, such as linerboard. A pulp stock of reclaimed, white office waste paper which contains fillers, such as clay and calcium carbonate, toners and ink is applied as a top ply to a base ply of Kraft pulp stock. Both pulp stocks have a pH in the range of 6.0 to 8.0. A dry strength additive, such as cooked starch, is incorporated in the plies and serves to improve the internal strength of the top ply, as well as improving the bond between the plies.

Abstract: A multi-ply paper product, such as linerboard, composed of a base ply of Kraft pulp and a top ply of reclaimed, white office waste paper which contains fillers, such as clay and calcium carbonate, toners and ink. A dry strength additive, such as cooked starch, is incorporated in the plies and serves to improve the internal strength of the top ply, as well as improving the bond between the plies.

Abstract: A packing paper comprising a support layer and a coating layer. The coating layer contains minerals, which give it a white pigmentation, has a content of between 25 and 50% by weight of dry materials, has a good degree of whiteness which is at least equal to 70, and has good capacity for flexographic printing.

Abstract: A method of producing a multi-ply paperboard comprising at least one ply high bulk fibers sandwiched between at least two plies of conventional papermaking fibers. In a preferred embodiment, high bulk fibers characterized by twists, kinks and curls are produced by mechanical deformation without substantial fibrillation or breakage of the fibers, as by dry hammermilling or wet milling of the fibers. An aqueous foam furnish is preferred for laying the ply containing high bulk fibers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing paper or like products which contains retention agent and inorganic filler. The retention and technical properties of the paper are enhanced by coflocculating the filler with a cellulosic material having a large specific surface area (fine pulp) prior to introducing floc suspension into the stock, and by subjecting the flocs to a floc size-controlling shearing process in a particular reaction vessel to produce flocs that have a mean particle size within the range of 2-4 mm. The particular reaction vessel used herefor incorporates a mixing zone, a flocculation zone, separator means located between the mixing zone and flocculation zone, a shearing zone and a sedimentation zone.

Abstract: A paper sheet comprising a primary sheet having a layer of pulp fines on a surface thereof. The disclosed paper sheet has improved smoothness and hold out, and is particularly useful in carbonless record sheets and as a basesheet for high quality coated papers.

Abstract: A fibrous web product with a surface treatment containing bacterial cellulose and a method of surface treating such fibrous webs. The bacterial cellulose is applied to at least one surface of a fibrous web, to make products such as printing material suitable for magazines or advertisements, by use of conventional paper manufacturing equipment. The bacterial cellulose may be applied singularly or in combination with other materials such as fillers or pigments. Bacterial cellulose applied at relatively low concentrations gives excellent properties of gloss, smoothness, ink receptivity and holdout, and surfaces strength.

Abstract: Method in a paper manufacturing process for improving the properties of the paper, in particular its retention. In the method, the fibre material is passed through a refining and screening system to the head-box arrangement of a paper machine, which comprises one or several head boxes, through which the stock suspension is fed onto a forming wire or into a forming gap (G) between a pair of forming wires (40,41). Two different components are formed out of basic stock which contains substantially all the fibres to be used for the paper to be manufactured. Of these components, one component contains mainly fibres longer than the average distribution of fibre length in the basic stock, while the other stock component contains mainly fibres shorter than average and fines as well, in addition to a possible additive component or components for the stock, if any. The stock component of longer fibres is fed, by means of a multi-channel head box, into direct contact with the forming wire or wires (40,41).

Abstract: High temperature resistant pressboard having a desirable combination of compression set values and oil absorption is prepared by a process whereby a low density pressboard is first prepared by forming a wet lap of multiple layers of a waterleaf containing 50-95% by weight water and pressing the wet lap at 100-200.degree. C. under a pressure of 10-60 kg/cm.sup.2, drying, ultimately at 270.degree.-320.degree. C. until substantially no further moisture is evolved and finally pressing at 270.degree.-320.degree. C. under a pressure of 8-350 kg/cm.sup.2 and optionally cooling under restraint.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semipermeable membrane support and a process for making the same. The support is formed of a non-woven fabric of a laminated structure having a low density layer with an air permeability of 5 to 50 cc/cm.sup.2 /sec and a high density layer with an air permeability of 0.1 cc/cm.sup.2 /sec to 5 cc/cm.sup.2 /sec, the non-woven fabric having an overall air permeability of 01 to 4.5 cc/cm.sup.2 /sec. The process for preparing such a support consists of laminating a dry processes web, which comprises entirely polyester fibers containing 20 to 80% of undrawn polyester fiber or conjugate polyester fibers having an average fiber denier of 1 to 3 denier formed through a dry process, and an un-press-treated wet processed web, which comprises entirely polyester fibers containing 30 to 90% of undrawn polyester fibers or conjugate polyester fibers having fiber denier of 0.1 to 1.

Abstract: A method and apparatus especially adapted to produce a ply separable web requiring substantially less energy input for drying. The apparatus comprises a headbox having at least three stock flow channels, the outer channels being adapted to convey conventional aqueous stock solutions, with at least one inner channel adapted to convey airborne fibers. The resulting web, having a significant portion of the fibers in a dry state, requires less energy to dry, and the distinct layers provide shear zones therebetween which permit ply separation upon creping. Different fiber types may be provided in different layers depending upon product attributes desired, and the products may be conventionally dried or may be throughdried. An alternative embodiment requires the mixing of airborne fibers with an aqueous solution adjacent to or within the headbox, producing only surface wetting of the fibers and reduced interfiber bonding.

Abstract: A layered paper and method of making it, which paper is characterized by having a soft, relatively untextured smooth velutinous surface defined by a multiplicity of relatively flaccid papermaking fibers having unbonded free end portions of substantial length, and which surface is subjectively discernible by humans as being extremely soft and smooth. Exemplary embodiments include tissue paper, and tissue paper products comprising one or more plies of such paper. The method includes wet laying a layered web which has a relatively low bond surface layer comprising at least about 60% relatively short papermaking fibers, drying the web without imparting substantial texture thereto, breaking sufficient papermaking bonds in the surface layer to generate a velutinous surface having an FFE-Index of at least about 60 and preferably at least about 90, and calendering the dried web as required to provide said surface layer with an HTR-Texture of about 1.0 or less, and more preferably about 0.

Abstract: An improved process to produce a novel tissue which becomes ply-separable during the papermaking process. In a first embodiment of the invention a two-layered stratified web is formed, having a first layer comprised of a relatively low consistency slurry of long papermaking fibers and a second layer comprised of a high consistency slurry of relatively short papermaking fibers. In a second embodiment of the invention, a stratified web having three layers is formed, comprised of well-bonded layers separated by an interior barrier layer. These improved tissue products need not be creped from a creping roll with a doctor blade in order to exhibit ply-separability, and they may be creped in a single step to form a finished product which is creped all the way through.

Abstract: A multi-ply fibrous material is provided which is suitable for use as a wipe, swab, or sponge and which comprises a backing layer and at least one liquid absorbent layer. The backing layer is made of compactly assembled natural wood pulp fibers, bonded to each other with an adhesive binder to provide wet strength. The liquid absorbent layer is made of loosely assembled fibers including both natural wood pulp fibers and wettable thermoplastic synthetic wood pulp fibers which are irregularly arranged, intersecting, overlapping, and mechanically interengaged segments of the thermoplastic synthetic wood pulp fibers being heat fused and bonded to the backing layer in a discontinuous pattern of embossed areas alternating with unembossed areas.

Abstract: An improved wet laid laminate comprising a first layer consisting of very short fibrous material and a binder and a second layer consisting of a combination of very short fibrous material and rayon or synthetic fibrous material substantially free of binder material and methods for manufacturing the improved laminates.