Abstract: A water disposable nonwoven web having good MD and CD strength is provided. The nonwoven web is obtained by hydroentangling an airlaid web of no less than 50% by weight of natural cellulose fibers having a fiber length of no more than 3.5 mm and no more than 50% by weight staple fibers having a fiber length of no less than 8.0 mm. The nonwoven web contains no adhesive, binder or thermal bonding fibers. Products containing the disposable nonwoven web meet municipal guidelines for flushability.

Abstract: A dispersible moist wipe includes regenerated cellulose fibers in an amount equal to or less than 20 percent by weight and natural cellulose fibers in an amount equal to or greater than 80 percent by weight. At least 50 percent of the natural cellulose fibers are fibrillated. The regenerated cellulose fibers and the natural cellulose fibers are hydroentangled such that the web has a wet CD tensile strength of at least 200 grams per inch. A method of making a dispersible nonwoven sheet includes dispersing natural cellulose fibers and regenerated cellulose fibers in a liquid medium to form a liquid suspension and depositing the liquid suspension over a forming surface to form a nonwoven web. The natural cellulose fibers and regenerated cellulose fibers of the web are hydroentangled using a plurality of hydroentangling jets.

Abstract: A method for continuously producing a mat of cellulose fibers intended for producing roofing elements made from bitumen-impregnated cellulose fibers, from a dilute slurry of cellulose fibers spread by a headbox on a dewatering fabric of a forming table having a predefined width, the dewatering fabric moving between an inlet of the forming table at the headbox side and an outlet of the forming table, moving the dilute slurry towards the outlet, gradually removing the liquids of the dilute through the dewatering fabric during the movement to obtain, at the outlet, the mat having a thickness of at least 2 mm, the dilute slurry having a certain level of pre-existing mineral materials. The method involves adding mineral material to the cellulose fibers by spraying a controlled quantity of aqueous solution or dispersion of mineral fillers over the width of the forming table onto the surface of the dilute slurry.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a structure for producing a casting, including: a process (I) of obtaining a slurry composition containing an organic fiber, an inorganic fiber, a thermosetting resin, and water; a process (II) of obtaining a fiber laminate by subjecting the slurry composition to papermaking; and a process (III) of dehydrating the fiber laminate and thereafter drying the resultant, in which the process (I) includes a process (I-1) of beating a mixture containing the organic fiber and water, a process (I-2) of mixing the mixture obtained in the process (I-1) and water, and a process (I-3) of mixing the mixture obtained in the process (I-2) and the inorganic fiber, the thermosetting resin is mixed in at least any of the process (I-1), the process (I-2), and the process (I-3), and an average fiber length of the inorganic fiber in the structure for producing a casting is 1 mm or longer and 5 mm or shorter.

Abstract: A recording media smoothness detector includes a sensor and a calculator. The sensor includes a light source to emit light toward a recording medium and a light detector to detect an amount of light reflected by the recording medium. The calculator includes a first memory to store an initial output value of the sensor and a second memory to store a decreased output percentage of the sensor relative to the initial output value per number of recording media detected. The calculator is configured to calculate a decreased output amount of the sensor from the decreased output percentage of the sensor per number of recording media detected, according to a number of recording media detected by the sensor, to adjust a luminosity of the light source based on the calculated decreased output amount of the sensor and determine a type of the recording medium based on an output of the sensor after the adjustment of the luminosity of the light source and based on the number of recording media detected by the sensor.

Abstract: A used paper recycling apparatus capable to be installed in small office or general household, friendly to environment and low in running cost, and assuring high confidentiality. A used paper recycling apparatus comprising a pulp making section for crushing and beating used paper and making into pulp, a paper making section for recycling paper by making used paper pulp from the pulp making section, and a control section for driving and controlling by interlocking the pulp making section and paper making section, which are incorporated in a furniture size apparatus case, in which the pulp making section includes a crushing unit for stirring and grinding the used paper, and a beating unit for beating the crushed used paper from the crushing unit, and the crushing unit and beating unit are circulating the used paper pulp.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for attaching particulate additives to a population of cellulose fibers dispersed in an aqueous solution. The cellulose fibers are treated with an activator that forms complexes with them. The particulate additive is attached to a tether that is capable of interacting with the activator, thereby forming a tether-bearing particulate additive. The tether-bearing particulate additive can be added to the activated suspension of cellulose fibers. The resulting interaction between the tether and the activator forms durable complexes that attach the particulate additive to the cellulose fibers. Using these systems and methods, useful additives like starches can be attached to cellulose fibers, imparting advantageous properties such as increased strength to paper products formed thereby. These systems and methods are particularly useful for papermaking involving virgin pulp fibers, recycled fibers, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide technology for regenerating pulp having high quality with compact pulp regenerating equipment and less energy. In the pulp regenerating method of the present invention, pulp slurry containing 1.5 wt % or more of a solid component including waste paper pulp is separated into a long fiber fraction and a short fiber fraction by using an outward type slit screen including an opening portion having a slit width in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm. The solid component ratio of the long fiber fraction and the short fiber fraction is in the range from 10:90 to 60:40, and the difference in Canadian Standard Freeness of the long fiber fraction and the short fiber fraction is in the range of 100 ml to 300 ml.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards methods, compositions, and apparatus for increasing the strength of paper made out of a furnish having a large proportion of OCC. The method involves the following steps: 1) Providing a paper furnish having a large amount of OCC in it, 2) adding strength promoter to the furnish prior to adding a strength agent to the furnish, 3) adding a strength agent to the furnish, and 4) making a paper product from the furnish. This method allows cheap OCC material to be used in a papermaking process without the quality problems that the anionic trash in OCC typically causes. Thus paper products having low costs and high quality can be produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fibrous product (2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3) for packaging, in particular food product packaging, comprising at least one first fiber layer (4.1, 4.1?, 4.1?, 4.2, 4.2?, 4.2?, 4.3?, 4.4?, 4.5?, 4.6?, 14, 16, 18), a filter material (6) for binding mineral oil substances extending at least partly through said first fiber layer (4.1, 4.1?, 4.1?, 4.2, 4.2?, 4.2?, 4.3?, 4.4?, 4.5?, 4.6?, 14, 16, 18).

Abstract: [Technical Problem] In a body waste treating material, a method for manufacturing the body waste treating material, and an apparatus for manufacturing the same, a technical problem is in manufacturing the body waste treating material without a water absorbing agent as a material for complementing a water absorptive property and a water retention property and a wasting step in manufacturing easily at a low cost.

Abstract: A method is provided for making paper and paper products from post-industrial packaging materials. The post-industrial packaging materials may include used bulk packaging transportation bags that are made at least partially from sisal and/or jute, such as coffee bean bags or used cocoa bean bags for transporting bulk quantities of coffee beans or cocoa beans, or other materials that have sisal and/or jute constituents. The post-industrial packaging materials may be used to make a mixed fiber stock that includes the post-industrial packaging materials and the post consumer fiber stock and/or other wood-based fiber stock that is a combined with the post-industrial packaging stock prior to the mixed fiber stock being run through a paper machine to make paper and paper products that may be used back in the industry that created the waste.

Abstract: Methods to preserve starch present in pulp are provided and also methods to control calcium precipitation and/or scaling in digesters or BOD systems. The methods can be performed as part of a papermaking process. Process water containing pulp can be treated with a chloramine. Process water containing pulp with native starch can receive a double treatment with at least one biocide, such as chloramine, and at least one oxidant, such as sodium hypochlorite. The treatment can be performed in any suitable manner. The treatment can be performed at one or more stages or locations in a papermaking system. A target residual chloramine value or range can be achieved by the treatment. Packaging sheets/boards and other paper products manufactured using the methods provided exhibit superior strength and other desirable characteristics.

Abstract: A media for digital high speed inkjet web press printing has a CD residual tensile energy absorption index greater than 300 J/Kg. The media includes a paper base having a MD/CD tensile stiffness index ratio of less than 2.0 and a tensile energy absorption index of greater than 500 J/Kg. The paper base includes a mixture of fibers having a softwood fiber to hardwood fiber ratio within a range of 3 to 7 to 7 to 1, an internal starch having a cationic starch to fiber ratio greater than 1.0%, and a filler within a range of about 1.0% to about 12.0% of paper base weight. The media further includes an image receiving coating on a side of the paper base.

Abstract: A method of making a fabric-creped absorbent cellulosic sheet with improved dispensing characteristics. The method includes compactively dewatering a papermaking furnish to form a nascent web, applying the nascent web to a translating transfer surface, fabric-creping the web from the transfer surface at a consistency of from about 30 to about 60 percent utilizing a patterned creping fabric, the fabric-creping step occurring under pressure in a fabric creping nip defined between the transfer surface and the creping fabric, wherein the fabric is traveling at a fabric speed that is slower than the speed of the transfer surface, the web being creped from the transfer surface and transferred to the creping fabric, adhering the web to a drying cylinder with a resinous adhesive coating composition, drying the web on the drying cylinder to form a dried web, and peeling the dried web from the drying cylinder.

Abstract: A method of making a cellulosic absorbent sheet. A cellulosic web is prepared from an aqueous papermaking furnish. The web is fabric-creped. The fabric-creping step forms a creped web with a drawable reticulum having a plurality of interconnected regions of different local basis weights including at least: (i) a plurality of fiber-enriched regions of a relatively high local basis weight, interconnected by way of (ii) a plurality of lower local basis weight linking regions. The drawable reticulum includes a cohesive fiber matrix capable of increasing in void volume upon drawing. The creped web is dried, while substantially preserving the drawable reticulum, to form a dried web, and the dried web is drawn. The drawing step increases the void volume of the dried web.

Abstract: A method of making a fabric-creped absorbent cellulosic sheet. A papermaking furnish is compactively dewatered to form a nascent web. The nascent web is applied to a translating transfer surface and is fabric-creped from the transfer surface at a consistency of from about 30 to about 60 percent utilizing a creping fabric. The creping fabric travels at a fabric speed that is slower than the speed of the transfer surface. The nascent web is creped from the transfer surface and redistributed on the creping fabric to form a creped web with a drawable reticulum having a plurality of interconnected regions of different local basis weights. The creped web is dried to form a dried web, and the dried web is drawn. The drawing step includes drawing the dried web between a first draw roll and a second draw roll.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making a paper or paper board, in which method cut pulp is prepared by cutting basic cellulosic fiber pulp at the consistency of at least 25% so that the average fiber length of the basic pulp is decreased by more than 25% and the SR number of the cut pulp is at most 20% higher than that of the basic pulp, and the cut pulp is used as a raw material in the preparation of a stock.

Abstract: An absorbent fabric-creped cellulosic web includes a plurality of fiber-enriched regions of a relatively high local basis weight, interconnected by way of a plurality of lower local basis weight linking regions. The fiber-enriched regions comprise a plurality of microfolds with fold lines extending transverse to the machine direction (MD).

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to a multiple ply tissue product that includes a first ply and a second ply. The first ply includes a first outwardly facing layer having hardwood fibers, a second layer having softwood fibers, and a third layer having at least about 10 percent by weight post-consumer recycled fiber, wherein the second layer is positioned between the first layer and the third layer.

Abstract: An absorbent cellulosic sheet having a variable local basis weight includes a patterned papermaking-fiber reticulum provided with (a) a plurality of generally machine direction (MD) oriented elongated densified regions of compressed paper-making fibers having a relatively low local basis weight as well as leading and trailing edges, the densified regions being arranged in a repeating pattern of a plurality of generally parallel linear arrays that are longitudinally staggered with respect to each other such that a plurality of intervening linear arrays are disposed between a pair of cross machine (CD) direction aligned densified regions, and (b) a plurality of fiber-enriched, pileated regions having a relatively high local basis weight interspersed between and connected with the densified regions, the pileated regions having crests extending generally in the cross-machine direction of the sheet.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a newsprint paper for offset printing, includes: selecting a filler or fillers having an average grain size of 0.5 to 5 ?m and a zeta potential of 0 mV or above; providing a pulp slurry for making a base paper; adding the filler or fillers to the pulp slurry in an amount of more than 15 percent by weight but less than 40 percent by weight as ash relative to the dry weight of the base paper; and subjecting the resultant slurry to a papermaking machine to obtain the base paper.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a process of modifying a seed based fiber (SBF) to form an enhanced fiber additive (EFA). The process includes an acid treatment step and optionally at least one fiber modification step. Preferred EFA products and uses are described.

Abstract: A xerographic paper and method of forming includes mechanical fiber and a predetermined curl control defined by a split sheet contraction measurement. The split sheet contraction can be between about 0.8 and about 1.2 and between about 0.9 and about 1.1. Split sheet contraction is defined by a relationship of paper shrinkage in a cross-direction to paper shrinkage in a machine-direction and between the two sides of the sheet when split in the Z-direction.

Abstract: An absorbent cellulosic sheet having a variable local basis weight. The sheet includes a papermaking-fiber reticulum having (a) a plurality of fiber-enriched pileated regions of a relatively high local basis weight each extending a distance in the cross-machine direction (CD) of the sheet, and (b) a plurality of elongated densified regions of compressed papermaking fibers that interconnect the plurality of fiber-enriched pileated regions. The elongated densified regions (i) have a relatively low local basis weight and each extend a distance in the machine direction (MD) of the sheet, (ii) are arranged in a repeating pattern having leading and trailing edges, such that the elongated densified regions are longitudinally staggered with respect to each other, and (iii) have MD/CD aspect ratios of at least 1.5.

Abstract: A paper includes a composition of 10% by weight to 40% by weight of recovered post-consumer paper, 60% by weight to 90% by weight of recovered white paper, 0.38% by weight to 0.45% by weight of one or more sizing agents, and 3.33% by weight to 3.95% by weight of one or more binding agents.

Abstract: A ticket stock and manufacturing process wherein a pulp is formulated from a blend of recycled furnishes, with added starch for enhancing sheet stiffness and reducing linting and dusting on cut edges of the stock, and clay or other opacifier for enhancing opacity of the stock. A preferred pulp comprises a blend of recycled solid bleached sulfate plate stock, recycled coated soft white, and recycled ground wood furnish such as newsprint or the like. In one embodiment, the blend comprises about 25-50 wt. % recycled solid bleached sulfate plate stock, about 25-50 wt. % recycled coated soft white, and about 15-25 wt. % recycled ground wood furnish. The furnish blend is repulped with minimal mechanical refining, is treated with steam injection for hydrating and softening the fibers, and is formed into a web that is pressed, dried, and soft calendered.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the production of a tissue paper web, which is produced from a pulp suspension having fibers. The method according to the present invention is characterized in that the pulp suspension is formed, at least partly by, a pulp suspension fraction obtained through the treatment of old paper, has a refining degree of less than 30° SR and is of such condition that a laboratory sheet according to TAPPI 205 SP 95 (Rapid Köthen), whose breaking length measured according to TAPPI 220 and TAPPI 494 is 4.0 km or more, is produced therefrom.

Abstract: A method of making absorbent cellulosic sheet with increased wet/dry CD tensile ratio includes treating the fiber at high consistency with debonder in a pulper, for example. The process enables the use of large amounts of debonder in a wet-press process in order to achieve wet/dry CD tensile ratios of greater than 30%.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to a multiple ply paper product which includes a first ply comprising virgin fiber, pre-consumer recycled fiber, or mixtures thereof and a second ply comprising at least about 30% by weight post-consumer recycled fiber, wherein the average pore size distribution of the first ply is greater than the average pore size distribution of the second ply.

Abstract: An absorbent sheet of cellulosic fibers includes a mixture of hardwood fibers and softwood fibers arranged in a reticulum having: (i) a plurality of pileated fiber enriched regions of relatively high local basis weight interconnected by way of (ii) a plurality of lower local basis weight-linking regions whose fiber orientation is biased along the machine direction between pileated regions interconnected thereby, wherein the sheet exhibits a % CD stretch which is at least about 2.75 times the dry tensile ratio of the sheet. Tensile ratios of from about 0.4 to about 4 are readily achieved.

Abstract: Provided is an agglomeration for neutralizing acid mine drainage which includes a neutralizer and binder component consisting of steel slag in an amount of 75% to 95% by weight of the agglomeration, a sodium carbonate selected from the group consisting of soda ash and pulp liquor in an amount of 0.5% to 25% of the agglomeration, and, optionally, a lime component selected from the group consisting of limestone sand and slag. Further included is a dissolution control and filtration component consisting of an organic material in an amount of 0.24% to 15% by weight of the agglomeration selected from the group consisting of recycled newsprint, sphagnum peat moss, and sawdust. Next is a dispersant and neutralizer component consisting of a surfactant in an amount of 0.01% to 0.075% by weight of the agglomeration. The agglomeration may further comprise an oxidation component such as calcium peroxide, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: An absorbent sheet of cellulosic fiber typically includes at least about 15% by weight of high coarseness, generally tubular and lignin-rich cellulosic fiber based on the combined weight of cellulosic fiber in the sheet. Lignin-rich high coarseness, generally tubular fiber employed may be characterized by a coarseness of at least about 20 mg/100 m and an average length of 2 mm. The sheet is prepared by way of a process including applying a dewatered web to a heated rotating cylinder and creping the web from the heated cylinder with an undulatory creping blade. Preferred lignin-rich, high coarseness, generally tubular fibers include thermo and chemi mechanical pulps. A particularly preferred embodiment is a sheet including at least about 15% BCTMP.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to a multiple ply paper product which includes a first ply comprising virgin fiber, pre-consumer recycled fiber, or mixtures thereof and a second ply comprising at least about 30% by weight post-consumer recycled fiber, wherein the average pore size distribution of the first ply is greater than the average pore size distribution of the second ply.

Abstract: A sheet of cellulose based material having enhanced strength, particularly the dry strength, substantially unaffected repulpability is disclosed. The sheet of cellulose based materials generally includes a first cellulose based material connected with a second cellulose base material element. The first cellulose based material is formed by separating a portion of the fiber from a furnish, treating the separated portion with a cationic wet strength resin which is allowed to bond to the fiber. The treated fiber is them mixed with the untreated balance of the fiber at some point before the paper machine. The fiber that is separated may be secondary fiber, virgin fiber or combinations thereof. The second cellulose base material element is substantially free from any treatment. The second cellulose base material element may be include substantially all untreated fibers.

Abstract: A method of making a formed, dried lignocellulose fiber material comprising (a) providing an aqueous lignocellulose fiber pulp slurry having an effective consistency; (b) de-watering the slurry to provide a de-watered material at an effective de-watering rate under an effective pressure to prevent or reduce the formation of fissures and voids within the material; (c) drying an effective amount of the de-watered material at an effective temperature and period of time to provide the formed, dried lignocellulose fiber material having a thickness of at least 5 mm. The formed, dried lignocellulose material may be used to make a lignocellulose fiber-resin composite material of use as a cost effective structural member, as a substitute for steel, in, for example, bridges, processing equipment, and the like.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a wastepaper shock absorbing material using a vacuum forming principle is provided. The method includes disintegrating wastepaper selected from at least one of old corrugated containers, old newspapers and milk cartons, diluting the disintegrated wastepaper to form a pulp suspension, mixing the pulp suspension with a cationic starch to form a mixture, and vacuuming the mixture by applying a first vacuum in a first direction and a second vacuum in a second direction in a vacuum former to vacuum-dehydrate the mixture and provide a shock absorbing material. The first direction is substantially opposite to the second direction. The method further includes drying the shock absorbing material and performing a surface sizing process on a surface of the shock absorbing material. The wastepaper shock absorbing material has a low elastic modulus and density and can be manufactured without using the conventional press process performed by a press plate.

Abstract: Fabric-creped absorbent sheet has an MD bending length of about 3.5 cm or more as well as an absorbency of about 3 g/g or more. The sheet is preferably produced without through drying or dry creping and is a low-dust product especially suitable for automatic towel dispensers.

Abstract: A method of making absorbent cellulosic sheet with increased wet/dry CD tensile ratio includes treating the fiber at high consistency with debonder in a pulper, for example. The process enables the use of large amounts of debonder in a wet-press process in order to achieve wet/dry CD tensile ratios of greater than 30%.

Abstract: Fabric-creped absorbent sheet has an MD bending length of about 3.5 cm or more as well as an absorbency of about 3 g/g or more. The sheet is preferably produced without through drying or dry creping and is a low-dust product especially suitable for automatic towel dispensers.

Abstract: A composite web and process for manufacture from post-industrial scrap wherein the fibers are pre-opened and cut to an average fiber length of about 4 mm. A scrap fiber component and a cellulosic component of such fibers are blended into a fiber furnish. The scrap fiber component includes at least 15% synthetic fibers and may include a blend of natural fibers, high melting point synthetic fibers, and low melting point synthetic fibers. The cellulosic component may include post-industrial cotton fibers which may be refined before blending with the scrap fiber component. The fiber furnish is processed into an intermediate web such as by a drylaid or a wetlaid nonwoven process. The intermediate web is saturated with a latex binding agent and pressed and/or dried to form a composite web capable of further processing into molded or formed consumer or industrial products. The process is capable of producing a high basis weight composite web.

Abstract: An absorbent cellulosic sheet having variable local basis weight includes a papermaking-fiber reticulum provided with (i) a plurality of cross-machine direction (CD) extending, fiber-enriched pileated regions of relatively high local basis weight interconnected by (ii) a plurality of elongated densified regions of compressed papermaking fibers. The elongated densified regions have relatively low local basis weight and are generally oriented along the machine direction (MD) of the sheet and have an MD/CD aspect ratio of at least 1.5. The products are most preferably prepared by way of a compactive dewatering/wet crepe process.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a cellulosic paper product is provided. The process comprises forming an aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers; introducing sodium bicarbonate into the aqueous suspension; depositing the aqueous suspension onto a sheet-forming fabric to form a wet web; and dewatering and drying the wet web. The process of the present invention provides cellulosic paper products exhibiting a reduced malodor upon re-wetting.

Abstract: Additives for paper making are disclosed herein. Specifically, the additives are wax-free alternatives to conventional coatings, including ASA, AKD and optionally an acrylic containing composition. Other additives may be included in the coating, such as cationic particles or compositions. The coatings may be used at a variety of points during the paper making process, including on the calender stack and in the wet end.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling pitch and stickies deposit in a pulp and papermaking process using crosslinked cationic polymers made by controlled addition of a water soluble radical initiator at reaction temperature with agitation for chain extension and crosslinking.

Abstract: A method of making a formed, dried lignocellulose fiber material comprising (a) providing an aqueous lignocellulose fiber pulp slurry having an effective consistency; (b) de-watering the slurry to provide a de-watered material at an effective de-watering rate under an effective pressure to prevent or reduce the formation of fissures and voids within the material; (c) drying an effective amount of the de-watered material at an effective temperature and period of time to provide the formed, dried lignocellulose fiber material having a thickness of at least 5 mm. The formed, dried lignocellulose material may be used to make a lignocellulose fiber-resin composite material of use as a cost effective structural member, as a substitute for steel, in, for example, bridges, processing equipment, and the like.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a web of paper and paperboard, in which method a spray-coating technique is used for applying a web treatment substance to at least one surface of a moving web. The qualities of the web treatment substance are selected such that at least the droplet size and viscosity of the web treatment substance are controlled such as to make the thickness of the applied web treatment substance essentially equal in at least two randomly selected sample areas. According to the invention, the applied coating conforms with the surface contour of the base sheet. A paper manufactured using the method.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to a multiple ply paper product which includes a first ply comprising virgin fiber, pre-consumer recycled fiber, or mixtures thereof and a second ply comprising at least about 30% by weight post-consumer recycled fiber, wherein the average pore size distribution of the first ply is greater than the average pore size distribution of the second ply.

Abstract: A ticket stock and manufacturing process wherein a pulp is formulated from a blend of recycled printed papers, with added starch for enhancing sheet stiffness and reducing linting and dusting on cut edges of the stock. A preferred pulp comprises a blend of printed solid bleached sulfate plate stock, printed white groundwood-free paper, and printed groundwood paper such as printed newsprint or the like. In one embodiment, the blend comprises about 25-50 wt. % printed solid bleached sulfate plate stock, about 15-40 wt. % printed white groundwood-free paper, and about 15-40 wt. % printed groundwood paper. The printed papers are repulped with minimal mechanical refining, treated with steam injection for hydrating and softening the fibers and breaking up inks into fine particles, and formed into a web that is pressed, dried, and soft calendered. The caliper of the resulting stock is about 7 to 9 points.

Abstract: An integrated system and method for removing excess nutrients from water, for removing the nutrients from the removal site, for enhancing soil, and for producing pulp and paper products includes bioremediating water to be treated with cultured algae or another suitable plant matter in an attached periphyton bed, harvesting the algae/plant matter to produce a wet algal biomass, and mixing the wet biomass with a shredded fibrous material to produce a pulp. The pulp can be molded into a biodegradable package that can be utilized as a delivery vehicle to a site having nutrient-enrichable soil, where the package can be used as a soil amendment after being used as a delivery vehicle. The pulp can also be made into a paper product that is biodegradable and has the characteristic of enhancing soil quality.