Abstract: X-band and P-band synthetic aperture radars are used to simultaneously gather swaths of reflected radar data over a specific area simultaneously. The P-band is used to penetrate surface clutter that may be on the top of an ice formation as well as to penetrate an ice mass. X-band is used to map surface clutter on the top of an ice formation as well as to map the top of snow that may appear on an ice formation. Digital elevation maps of the top of the snow or ice clutter, the top of the ice, and the bottom of the ice and or ice thickness are constructed. By summing these various digital elevation maps a measurement of the thickness of sea ice can be determined. Further analysis of DEM, MAG and CRV layers provides an indication of the quality of the ice, for example cracks and pressure ridges, and its weak points.

Abstract: The present invention provides a surface-reading apparatus that includes a subject-flexing mechanism and a surface-reading component. The subject-flexing mechanism causes a subject to flex in one of a convex form and a concave form. The surface-reading component reads a characteristic of a surface condition of the subject that has been flexed by the subject-flexing mechanism. The surface-reading component can includes an optical reading component that optically reads the characteristic of the surface condition of the subject. The optical reading component may be a reflected light-reading component that reads the characteristic of the surface condition of the subject with reflected light or may be a transmitted light-reading component that reads the characteristic of the surface condition of the subject with transmitted light.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a paper core material is described. The paper core material has uses such as in the building industry and has the advantage that no toxic home syndrome is caused in a newly built house or office. The paper core material has a continuous geometric pattern such as rectangular or hexagonal cells and is made by the method of providing a plurality of base paper strips, bending and gluing the base paper strips to form the paper core material having a continuous geometric pattern, treating the paper core material with a charcoal solvent comprising activated carbon dust, wood vinegar and a flame-resisting agent, and drying the paper core material. An alternate method is provided which involves treating the base paper strips with the charcoal solvent, drying the base paper strips, and then bending and gluing the base paper strips to form the paper core material having a continuous geometric pattern.

Abstract: A paper cord is formed using wet lap paper of about 8″ to 11″ in width which is twisted into a cord form of about ¼″ to ⅜″ diameter. The cord is used to bind bales of compressed used paper having a volume of about 100 cubic feet and a weight of about 1,200 pounds. The bales are transported to a recycling pulp mill and placed in pulp making vats where the cord is dissolved to release the paper from the bales and subsequently convert the paper and cord to pulp for production of new paper products.

Abstract: For the detection and suppression of interfering signals in SAR data, a time-domain noisy raw data signal U.sub.T (t) is Fourier-transformed by range lines in raw frequency-domain spectrum U.sub.T (f). The resulting spectrum U.sub.T (f) is law-pass filtered according to a transmission-signal bandwith B.sub.s to yield a useful spectrum U.sub.T (f) and an autocorrelation function (t) of useful spectrum U.sub.T (f) is determined in the time domain. A weighting function w(t) is used to suppress portions of the useful signal in the autocorrelation function (t), thereby intensifying the interfering signal in relation to the autocorrelation function (t). The resulting signal (t) is transformed into a power spectral density (f) and a threshold value m is calculated from the power spectral density (f) with a MADMED function. A final notch filter W.sub.N (f) is generated by Fourier-transforming the ideal notch filter frequency response W.sub.N ideal (f).

Abstract: Disclosed is a paper cord which is used for binding old newspaper or old magazines for recycling and which can be charged into a material dissolving apparatus together with the old newspaper or the old magazines.The paper cord is prepared by twisting a base paper which is a recycled paper characterized by a content of recycled pulp from old newspaper of 33% or more and a total content of recycled pulp including recycled pulp from other sources of 50% or more as well as by whiteness and strength equivalent to or better than those of newsprint paper and degree of sizing equivalent to that of newsprint paper for offset printing.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved method of coating mediumweight and heavyweight papers in a size press by applying a paper coating composition comprising a binder wherein the binder comprises a stable aqueous dispersion comprising a water insoluble component and a water soluble component such that the water insoluble component comprises coalescable polymer particles which have a T.sub.g less than 55.degree. C. and a majority of which have a particle size less than 1 micron; and the water soluble component comprises a water soluble polymer capable of inhibiting coalescence of said polymer particles, or a water soluble polymer and a component capable of inhibiting coalescence of said polymer particles; and wherein said water insoluble component comprises greater that 3% and less than 75% by weight of the binder solids and said water soluble component comprises greater than 25% and less than about 97% of said solids.

Abstract: A transfer configuration for a paper making machine, the transfer configuration being composed of: 1) a first carrier fabric having a first surface on which a fibrous web is transported to the transfer configuration at a first velocity; 2) a second carrier fabric having a second surface on which the fibrous web is transported away from the transfer configuration at a second velocity that is less than the first velocity; 3) a lengthened transfer zone that begins at a transfer shoe and terminates at a portion of a transfer head and has a machine direction oriented length ranging from about 0.

Abstract: A process for increasing the resistance of the cut edges of liquid packaging board to penetration by hot hydrogen peroxide, comprising adding to an aqueous pulp slurry at a neutral to alkaline pH, either separately or in preblended form an aqueous emulsion of a cellulose-reactive size, a non-cellulose-reactive size selected from the group consisting of waxes, bis-stearamides, and fatty acid derivatives, and a thermosetting resin that is capable of covalent bonding to cellulose fibre and self-cross-linking.

Abstract: A process for preparing a confidential postcard contains dehydrating a starting paper material containing 25 to 45% by weight of fibers of a thermoplastic resin and 55 to 75% by weight of fibers of a natural plant to thereby form a paper layer, heating, during or after drying, the paper layer at a temperature not lower than a softening point of the thermoplastic resin fibers to thereby obtain a paper sheet in which the fibers of the thermoplastic resin retain fiber shape and are entangled with the fibers of the natural plant, inscribing a statement to be kept confidential on the paper sheet, superposing the paper sheet to conceal the statement and attaching provisionally the superposed paper sheet by heating under pressure at a temperature not lower than a softening point of the thermoplastic resin fibers to obtain the confidential postcard. The confidential postcard is capable of being peeled off with the statement on the paper sheet being left intact.

Abstract: An electrically insulating formed channel member is made of a sheet of an electrically insulating material capable of being press formed that is cut to provide radially projecting portions. Thereafter, the sheet is press-formed to form a formed channel member including the channel portion and the projection portions and bent to extend along the inner corner of a rectangular pancake coil with the web located at the inner side of the corner curvature. The sheet material may preferably be a dray paper press board. Ripples may be provided in the sheet material prior to the step of press-forming. The moisture in the sheet material may also be adjusted prior to the step of press-forming.