Abstract: Methods for mixing a treatment agent with a pulp suspension are disclosed including supplying the pulp suspension to a mixing chamber, moving the pulp suspension through a mixing zone with the mixing chamber, supplying the treatment agent to the moving pulp suspension across the entire width of the mixing chamber prior to the mixing zone, and in which the height of the mixing zone is sufficiently small such that the pulp suspension and the treatment agent are subjected to kneading within the mixing zone in order to repeatedly stretch and compress fiber flocks in the pulp suspension. Apparatus for mixing the treatment agent with the pulp suspension are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing bleached sulfate pulp comprising the steps of:(1) conducting an initial bleaching of a sulfate pulp, wherein the pulp is manufactured by a sulfate process from softwood, with at least one non-chlorine-containing bleaching agent, the initial bleaching comprising one or more consecutive stages,(2) during step (1), lowering the kappa number of the pulp to below 12, while permitting the limit viscosity to fall below 900 cm.sup.3 /g,(3) fractionating the pulp prior to or at a time subsequent to step (1) to obtain:(a) a long fiber fraction comprising fibers, wherein less than 10% by weight of the fibers pass through 200 mesh and greater than 60% by weight of the fibers are retained on 30 mesh, wherein the long fiber fraction has a shive content of less than 0.

Abstract: A method of removing fine contaminants from waste paper fibrous material (S) is described with solution (1) and pre cleaning (2) whereupon the fibrous material is first subjected to a washing treatment (3) and then to a flotation treatment (5). The washing filtrate (12) from the washing treatment (3) is cleaned in a filtrate-flotation treatment (4) so that a cleaned fraction (14) can be returned into the useful material (13) of the washing treatment. The so cleaned waste paper fibrous material can be passed to further treatment steps such as flotation, bleaching and/or dispersion. The reject material from the filtrate-flotation (4) is, in one embodiment, again subjected to a flotation treatment.

Abstract: A method for recycling waste plastic material, from polymeric film or hydropulper waste, including plastic and cellulosic fiber or organic contaminants. The method includes the steps of introducing the waste plastic material into a size reduction unit, and reducing the size of the waste plastic material to particles having a maximum dimension ranging between about 1 inch and about 8 inches; mechanically hammering and rubbing the plastic material for separating a portion of the cellulosic fiber from the plastic; separating another portion of the cellulosic fiber from the plastic by flotation with agitation; further reducing the particle size of the plastic to a maximum dimension of about 1/2 inch; dewatering the plastic; drying the plastic to a moisture content of less than about 10 weight percent; and rolling the plastic into pellets.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for treating lignocellulosic materials, comprising an enzymatic conversion zone adapted to enzymatically convert alcohol to aldehyde and hydrogen peroxide, a delignification zone, a device for transferring an effluent comprising aqueous hydrogen peroxide from the conversion zone to the delignification zone, a chopper for adding chopped lignocellulosic material to the delignification zone, a separator for separating solid delignified material in the delignification zone from a liquid, and a fermenter adapted to grow alcohol oxidase-producing yeast, and means for transferring alcohol oxidase from the fermenter into the conversion zone.

Abstract: The invention provides an improvement in the quality and quantity of cellulosic fibers recovered in recycling wastepaper contained in waste material packaged in compressed bale form by sufficiently wetting the baled waste material with a liquid that wastepaper cellulosic fibers will soften and swell prior to the waste material being subjected to the recycling pulping operation.

Abstract: A pulp fluidizer and pulp refiner apparatus. Paper pulp stock of either low (3-8%) or medium (8-15%) fiber consistency is fed from the fluidizer portion of the apparatus to the refiner. The construction is such that the outlet of the fluidizer is contiguous to the inlet of the refiner. This geometrical relation permits the deflocculated pulp from the fluidizer outlet to be fed substantially immediately to the refiner inlet, prior to its naturally occurring reversion to a flocculated state. By providing the input of the disc refiner with deflocculated paper pulp stock, higher pulp stock consistencies can be worked by the refiner, resulting in savings of energy, equipment and space.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making a compacted, redispersible, aramid pulp fiber product wherein aramid pulp is opened using the forces of a turbulent air grinding mill and then the opened pulp is compacted to the extent desired for shipping.

Abstract: In a method of producing high-yield pulp from pulp chip material containing lignocellulose the material is treated with steam in a steam treating station (1) for driving air out of the material and heating the latter. Heat treated material is mixed in a mixing station (8) with a liquid containing chemicals. The mixture of steam treated material and said liquid is transferred from the mixing station to an impregnation station (25) for impregnating the material by means of said chemicals. Impregnated material is supplied to a refining station (36) for refining the material. According to the invention the steam treated material is mixed with said liquid in proportions, such that the created mixture of material and liquid leaving the mixing station (8) assumes a flowing pumpable consistency. Further, said flowing mixture is pumped from the mixing station (8) to the impregnation station (25).

Abstract: Apparatus for treating milling products to recover steam energy which includes a rotor having at least one pocket therein which is rotatably mounted within a housing so that the pocket is sequentially brought into open communication with a material inlet, milling product discharge opening, and steam outlet and wherein milling product received into the pocket when aligned with the material inlet is discharged through the milling product discharge opening and the steam separated therefrom thereafter discharged through the steam outlet. The discharged milling product is subsequently conveyed through a steam tight discharge device.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a pulp suspension in a screening plant of a pulp mill wherein impurities are separated from defibered pulp by screening and/or cleaning, the cleaned pulp is thickened, the impurities are further treated in the screening plant by screening and defibering the accept fiber material for further screening and thickening and further impurities are removed from the screening plant after various screening stages, the apparatus including means for effecting one or both of the pulp screening and cleaning stages in a closed, pressurized space in the screening plant and preventing the access of air to the pulp treated by effecting the thickening stages in a pressurized state and at the initial pressure of one or both of the preceding screening and cleaning stages.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for screening and treating pulp. In the invention, the pulp is screened in a screen into an accepted fraction and a rejected fraction, the rejected fraction being treated after the screening by removing water from it. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the refining process, the rejected pulp fraction is screened by means of a means (13) rotating rapidly in a reject space (12) of a screen (1) in such a manner that the rapidly rotating means (13) effects a radial flow of the fine-grained material contained in the rejected fraction outwards through a perforated wall (14) surrounding the rotating means (13) into a space (15, 15a) from where the fine-grained material is discharged.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved arrangement for removing thread-like impurities, such as wire rope, wire and the like, from a defiberizing drum or the like used in the defiberizing of waste paper. A ramped or inclined member, in the form of a bar or a lath, is disposed within a first or inlet portion of the drum and is secured to the drum casing wall at a predetermined distance from the partition wall that separates the first portion from a second portion of the drum. As the drum operatively rotates, a wire ball or mass forming within the first drum portion is elevated by the ramped member to a height sufficient to bring the mass into proximity with an opening defined in the partition wall, thereby directing the mass through the partition wall opening and into the second portion of the drum for further processing and/or discharge from the drum.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making a compacted, redispersible, aramid pulp fiber product wherein aramid pulp is opened using the forces of a turbulent air grinding mill and then the opened pulp is compacted to the extent desired for shipping.

Abstract: A multi-stage process, and apparatus for carrying out the process, are provided for refining lignocellulose containing material at high consistency. The lignocellulose material is pretreated to form a mixture of the lignocellulose material and pressurized steam conveyed via the pressure of the pressurized steam to a first refiner, wherein the lignocellulose material is conveyed mechanically into a first refining zone within the first refiner while causing the pressurized steam in the mixture to pass in reverse direction to the lignocellulose to a steam venting outlet to vent the steam from the first refiner. The lignocellulose material fed into the first refining zone is subjected to refining action thereby producing a mixture of partially refined lignocellulose material and pressurized steam developed during the refining action.

Abstract: Apparatus for pulping a web of broke advancing downwardly thereto comprises an open tub having at least one generally vertical side wall wherein at least one pulping rotor is mounted for rotation on a substantially horizontal axis. A screw of an axial length substantially greater than the maximum axial dimension of each rotor is mounted concentrically on each rotor and extends horizontally therefrom into the interior of the tub to engage a web of broke entering the tub from above and thereby to draw the web into engagement with the associated rotor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for screening and treating pulp. In the invention, the pulp is screened in a screen into an accepted fraction and a rejected fraction, the rejected fraction being treated after the screening by removing water from it. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the refining process, the rejected pulp fraction is screened by means of a means (13) rotating rapidly in a reject space (12) of a screen (1) in such a manner that the rapidly rotating means (13) effects a radial flow of the fine-grained material contained in the rejected fraction outwards through a perforated wall (14) surrounding the rotating means (13) into a space (15, 15a) from where the fine-grained material is discharged.

Abstract: Apparatus for refining lignocellulose containing material is disclosed, including a refiner housing including a pair of refiner discs relatively rotatable about a pair of rotatable shafts. Each refiner disc includes a refiner element mounted thereon in a face-to-face relationship defining a refiner gap therebetween. The apparatus includes feed passages passing through the first refiner discs at a location proximate to the rotatable shaft for feeding the lignocellulose-containing material to the refiner gap element and the first refiner disc includes feeding wings corresponding to the feed passages and located partially in front of each such feed passage to accelerate the lignocellulose-containing material into the refiner gap, while the second refiner disc includes a substantially smooth surface portion at a location juxtaposed with the location of the feed passages in the first refiner disc.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing pulp fiber from lignocellulose-containing material is disclosed, including a preheater, a defibrator with a pressurized housing, a conveying screw to convey the preheated lignocellulose-containing material from the preheater to the defibrator, a horizontal separator, a blow pipe for transferring the defibrated lignocellulose-containing material and steam from the defibrator to the horizontal separator, in which the horizontal separator includes a pulp outlet, a steam outlet, and a screw conveyor which includes screw threads which have a screw thread angle which substantially corresponds to the angle at which the blow pipe enters the horizontal separator. The screw conveyor in the horizontal separator feeds the defibrated lignocellulose-containing material from the blow pipe to the pulp outlet in the form of a pulp plug which maintains the pressure within the separator, and a steam transfer line is provided transferring the separated steam from the steam outlet to the preheater.

Abstract: There has been provided a system and apparatus for recovering turpentine from a thermomechanical pulping process for making paper, which thermomechanical pulping process utilizes a plug screw conveyor for squeezing and feeding pulp chips. The thermomechanical pulping process is conventional. The liquid effluent from said plug screw conveyor contains an appreciable amount of turpentine. The liquid effluent is collected under superatmospheric pressure and flashed into vapor/liquid separator by releasing the pressure on the liquid. This vapor is condensed in a suitable condenser and the condensate collected in a decanter where the turpentine collects as a separate phase and the water also as a separate phase. Condensate from various vents in the conventional thermomechanical pulping process may be collected for more nearly compelete removal of turpentine and other oleoresinous components.

Abstract: In a refiner (40) with two opposed discs (47,48) rotatable relative to each other fibre pulp is manufactured from lignocellulose-containing material. The material is advanced in a channel comprising a plug pipe (20), through which the material is fed in compressed state, and a steam screen pipe (32) for discharging steam. The steam screen pipe (32) is located directly after the plug pipe (20) and has a cross-sectional area, which slightly exceeds that of the plug pipe in order to allow a limited expansion of the material plug. The steam is thereby allowed to flow through the material, at the same time as the material plug prevents clogging of the apertures (37,39) of the steam screen pipe.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for mixing chemicals into a fibre pulp, the pulp passes in a space between a fixed casing and a rotating device through three treatment sections. In the first treatment section a transport screw is arranged for transporting the pulp and impart to it a pressure up to the subsequent treatment section. In this treatment section both the casing and the rotating device are provided with guide elements which cause shearing between the fibre layers of the pulp by alternating velocity gradiants in the pulp and oscillating movement thereof. In the next treatment section the pulp is imparted a retarding velocity in a first part of the section and thereafter an accelerating velocity in a second part of the section during simultaneous oscillating movement and shearing between the fibre layers. This is accomplished by a configuration of both the fixed casing and the rotating device in the form of double-cones having their basis abutting each other.

Abstract: A system of processing baled secondary fibre furnish is provided. The system includes the steps of breaking the baled furnish, dry screening the furnish to remove abrasive contaminants, and then repulping the dry screened furnish.

Abstract: Fibre pulp is manufactured in a refiner with opposed refining members (22,23,24) rotary relative to each other and enclosed in a pressure-proof refiner housing (20). Steam is separated from the fibre pulp in the refiner housing (20) at the counter-effect of centrifugal forces generated by radial wing members (40) on a rotary refining member (23,24). The steam is led off separately from the refiner housing (20) through a steam outlet (42), which communicates with a space (41) radially inside of the wing members (40). The fibre pulp is discharged separately through a discharge device (50,60,70,80,90) while in the refiner housing the desired pressure is maintained.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving the quality of paper manufactured from recycle paper stock which comprises a hydrokinetic amplifier, a pulper, a dump chest, a cyclone separator, a pressure screen, a vibratory screen and a holding tank. Contaminants contained in the fibrous stock are dispersed and emulsified during the process to produce a better quality fiber stock. The hydrokinetic amplifier generates pressure at its exit while dispersing the contaminants in the fiber stock. The energy possessed in the stock can be utilized to feed the stock through additional treatment devices such as ultrasonic generators and a device for causing the stock to take a tortuous path as it is passed therethrough to further break down the contaminants.

Abstract: A slurry of comminuted cellulosic fibrous material (e.g. paper pulp) is acted upon so that particles contained in the slurry are separated out from the slurry and introduced into a second liquid flow, while maintained under superatmospheric pressure. A partition divides a liquid tight pressure resistant vessel into first and second distinct chambers isolated from each other except by a slit at a mid-portion. An inlet for the slurry and an outlet for the first liquid are connected to the first chamber, and an inlet for the second liquid and an outlet for the second slurry to the second chamber. A screening disk is mounted for rotation in the vessel so that it fills the slit, with portions disposed in both the first and second chambers.

Abstract: A pulp fluidizer and pulp disc refiner apparatus and process. Paper pulp stock of either low (3-8%) or medium (8-15%) fiber consistency is fed from the fluidizer portion of the apparatus to the disc refiner. The construction is such that the outlet of the fluidizer is contiguous to the inlet of the refiner. This geometrical relation permits the de-flocculated pulp from the fluidizer outlet to be fed substantially immediately to the refiner inlet, prior to its naturally occurring reversion to a flocculated state. By providing the input of the disc refiner with de-flocculated paper pulp stock, higher pulp stock consistencies can be worked by the disc refiner, resulting in savings of emergy, equipment and space. Three embodiments of the invention are described.

Abstract: Waste material pulping process includes(a) providing tank structure having an inlet and an outlet, and forming sequential zones through which waste material passes, including first, second and third zones,(b) providing a shredding and mulching rotor carried by the tank to rotate in the second zone, said rotor being porous and hollow and having waste mulching ribs positioned to impact and shred waste material passed to the rotor as the rotor rotates so that the shredded waste material passes into the rotor hollow wherein it is mulched as the rotor rotates,(c) passing liquid into the tank to penetrate the waste received in the first zone and the shredded waste in the second zone and within the rotor hollow, and to carry the mulched waste into the third zone, in slurry form;(d) and processing said slurry downstream of said outlet to produce solid form, usable end product waste material.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating cellulose pulp having a consistency above the flowage limit, provided with two shafts (1, 2) rotating in the same axial plane and each carrying working disks (8) the cylinders of rotation of which are in mutually intermeshing engagement in a working zone and which are driven within a housing (3) which conforms to the common cylinder-of-rotation space of the disks carried by the shafts and is provided with a pulp inlet (4) and a pulp outlet (5). The working disks on the shafts (1, 2) are constituted of a number of radially directed disks (8) in mutually cooperative positions between the pulp inlet (4) and the pulp outlet (5) for working of the pulp between the opposed surfaces (11, 12) of mutually intermeshing disks (8) the pulp being moved from the inlet (4) to the outlet (5) by members positioned asymmetrically in relation to such opposed surfaces (11, 12) carried by the housing (3) or the disks (8).

Abstract: An apparatus for treating cellulose pulp having a consistency above the flowage limit provided with two shafts (1, 2) rotating in the same axial plane and each carrying working disks (8) the cylinders of rotation of which are in mutually intermeshing engagement in a working zone and which are driven within a housing (3) which conforms to the common cylinder-of-rotation space of the disks carried by the shafts and is provided with a pulp inlet (4) and a pulp outlet (5). The working disks are constituted of a number of radially directed disks in mutually co-operative positions for working of the pulp between opposed disk surfaces (11, 12), the pulp being fed from the inlet to the outlet with the aid of mutually co-operating feeding screw threads (9) carried by the shafts.

Abstract: A pressurized disc type refiner having parallel discs housed inside a pressurized chamber and a fluid conveying passageway for removing refined fibrous material entrained in steam is equipped with a second fluid conveying passageway. Fins on the one of the rotating discs impede the entrance of refined fibrous material into the second passageway by centrifugal force so that the steam conveyed in that passageway will be substantially free of entrained fibrous material.

Abstract: An apparatus for pulping paper making stock at high consistencies which includes a rotor body having a plurality of vanes extending generally radially outwardly therefrom and a feed screw mounted centrally of the rotor body and extending upwardly therefrom along an axis of rotation of the rotor body. The feed screw includes a conical body having a base with a periphery adjacent root portions of the rotor vanes and at least one helical flight extending along the length of the conical body and, in one embodiment, has a tapered end which is located adjacent a vane root. The rotor body and feed screw are mounted for rotation in a center portion of the bottom wall of a tub for holding paper making stock such that, when the rotor is rotated, the conical body and helical screw guide material contacting the feed screw downwardly and outwardly to contact the rotor vanes which impel the stock toward the side wall of the tub with sufficient force to climb the wall.

Abstract: Apparatus for disintegrating solids resulting from partial hydrolysis of cellulosic or lignocellulosic material comprising a cylindrical chamber having a perforated mid portion and a plurality of hammer elements supported for rotation within and coaxially to the chamber with their tips close to the perforated mid portion of the chamber. This disintegrator may be connected to the lower end of a hydrolyzer to receive the product of hydrolysis from such chamber.

Abstract: In the production of mechanical pulp, a refiner (defibrator) is driven by a steam turnine. The steam supply for the turbine comprises process steam generated in the refiner during the refining action, which steam is preferably passed through a reboiler. Some make-up energy is necessary to provide all of the power for driving the refiner, the make-up energy being preferably provided by clean steam from an accessory source introduced to the turbine by a steam ejector. A portion of the process steam, and the steam discharge from the turbine, can be used for presteaming the chips (comminuted cellulosic fibrous material) before introduction into the refiner. Any condensate from the turbine may be fed to the reboiler. Reduction gears are provided between the turbine and the refiner drive shaft so that the refiner is driven at optimum rpm for the particular material being treated.

Abstract: Apparatus for thickening, or de-watering, and refining fibre-pulpsuspensions include a screw-press thickener (1) and a refiner (2). In order to prevent air from entering the pulp and to provide a simpler arrangement, the outfeed end of the screw-press thickener (1) is connected directly to the infeed end of the refiner (2), therewith also to serve as an infeed screw to the refiner (2). In this respect the thickener (1) has a screening jacket (5) which embraces the screw (6). The screening jacket has at least one section which converges in the pulp feed direction, to achieve in the screw-press (1) a press effect required for de-watering the pulp while at the same time achieving the requisite reduction in diameter of the screening jacket (5) for connection to the refiner (2).

Abstract: In the production of mechanical pulp a refiner (defibrator) is driven by a steam turbine. The steam supply for the turbine comprises process steam generated in the refiner during the refiner action, which steam is passed through a reboiler and then superheated, in a superheater or economizer, before being supplied to the turbine. A boiler comprises a secondary source of steam and that steam too is introduced to the steam turbine, either directly or after passage through another turbine which powers an electric generator. The off-gases from the boiler may drive a gas turbine. All the components may be mounted on a train, and the gas turbine may power the locomotive for the train. The gas turbine can also power an air compressor providing compressed combustion air to the boiler.

Abstract: A high density pulp slurry screening apparatus is disclosed which has a cylindrical casing including a first chamber in the center with an intake port for introducing unrefined pulp slurry and a discharge port for discharging foreign matters which have been separated from the pulp slurry and a pair of second chambers disposed on the sides of the first chamber for accepting the pulp slurry. The first chamber and each second chamber are divided by a screen plate with a plurality of screening apertures on the entire surface thereof for passing the refined pulp slurry from the first chamber into the second chamber. In the first chamber are provided a pair of stirring impellers rotating in the opposite directions for stirring and agitating the incoming pulp slurry and causing substantial turbulence to effect a uniform positive pressure distribution along the entire surface area of the screen plate and a smooth and efficient passage of the pulp slurry.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating cellulose pulp having a consistency above the flowage limit, provided with two shafts (1, 2) rotating in the same axial plane and each carrying working disks (8) the cylinders of rotation of which are in mutually intermeshing engagement in a working zone and which are driven within a housing (3) which conforms to the common cylinder-of-rotation space of the disks carried by the shafts and is provided with a pulp inlet (4) and a pulp outlet (5). The working disks on the shafts (1, 2) are constituted of a number of radially directed disks (8) in mutually cooperative positions between the pulp inlet (4) and the pulp outlet (5) for working of the pulp between the opposed surfaces (11, 12) of mutually intermeshing disks (8) the pulp being moved from the inlet (4) to the outlet (5) by members positioned asymmetrically in relation to such opposed surfaces (11, 12) carried by the housing (3) or the disks (8).

Abstract: A washing apparatus for processing and cleaning highly contaminated fibrous suspension made from waste paper and containing a high proportion of lightweight contaminants such as foils. The apparatus includes a generally circular rotation chamber and a good half-stuff chamber separated from the rotation chamber by a substantially planar strainer. A revolving rotor is fitted within the rotation chamber in front of the strainer. An entry chamber for receiving fibrous suspension in washing water communicates with the rotation chamber. The entry chamber is of a substantially smaller diameter than the rotation chamber and includes a washing water connection. A waste matter extraction line leads off from the rotation chamber.

Abstract: A system for wastepaper processing which uses a newly developed wash filter of a simple design. The wash filter includes a generally round agitating space and an accepted stock space. The accepted stock space is separated from the agitating space by an essentially flat screen. An agitating wheel is positioned within the agitating space and in front of the flat screen. An entrance space for receipt of fibrous suspension and wash water is also included in the wash filter. The entrance space has a smaller diameter than the diameter of the agitating space. Flow of the suspension from either a primary pulper or a secondary pulper is received in the entrance space of the wash filter. A tailing removal line is in communication with and extends from the agitating space of the wash filter.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing an end product such as, for example, paper or board from a fibrous base material such as waste paper. The method includes the steps of introducing into a pre-soaking device the fibrous base material and admixing such base material with a sufficient predetermined quantity of water to form a fibrous mixture. Controlled amounts of the mixture are thereupon introduced into a pulper and admixed with a quantity of water greater than the quantity of water introduced into the pre-soaking device so as to form a fibrous suspension. The fibrous suspension is then transported to a subsequent processing station for further processing into the desired end product.The pre-soaking device includes a mixing container, preferably a cylinder, mounted on a support frame and adapted to be tilted so as to discharge a variable amount of mixture from the cylinder as a function of the angle of inclination of the cylinder.

Abstract: Cellulose pulp or recycled paper is defiberized, screened and pumped. Initial defiberizing, separation of non-disintegrated material, final defiberizing and pumping of the defiberized pulp are performed at a consistency of 6 to 18%, preferably 8 to 12%. Preferably all operations are performed at the same consistency. A defiberizing rotor is disposed in front of an impeller in the inlet of a centrifugal pump. A screen plate is mounted close to the defiberizing rotor. Defiberizing elements are arranged on the other side of the screen plate to move close to the screen surface.

Abstract: Pulping apparatus particularly for reducing waste fibrous material into a fiber slurry. A disintegrating and mulching drum is provided to shred and tear wet feed material into clumps of wet fibrous material and the clumps then converted into water-logged masses of wet fibers. A dispersing drum then converts the water-logged masses of fibers into a fiber slurry.

Abstract: A refiner for manufacturing fibre pulp from lignocellulose-containing material, comprising a pressure-proof refiner housing (20) with opposed refining members (21,22) rotating relative to each other. Steam is separated from the fibre pulp in the refiner housing (20) at the counter-effect of a fibre separating rotor (30) provided with wing members (31) and located on the rear side of a rotatable refining member (22). The steam is thereafter compressed in at least one step by means of this rotor (30) and possibly subsequent turbine wheels (34).

Abstract: An apparatus used in the pretreatment of wood chips in a process for converting biomass to a liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel. The apparatus functions to break down the wood chips to a size distribution that can be readily handled in a slurry form. Low maintenance operation is obtained by hydrolyzing the chips in a pressure vessel having no moving parts.

Abstract: A refiner control continuously calculates required gearmotor output speed in opposition to the main motor drive power such that an increase in main power causes a decrease in gearmotor output speed and therefore provides a variable resolution over the entire power range of the main drive for stable refiner operation at various setpoint levels.

Abstract: In an apparatus for treating cellulose pulp having a consistency above the flowage limit, the apparatus being provided with two shafts (1) rotating in the same axial plane and each carrying mutually intermeshing screws between which the pulp is treated during forward shift from an inlet (4) to an outlet (5) through a housing (3) enclosing the screws and supported by a mounting bed (25). The treating gap between the screws is adjustable due to the fact that the bearings (28) of at least one of the shafts (1) are supported on a cradle (29) having two end arms perpendicular to the shaft and mutually connected by a cross beam (35) extending in parallel to the shaft (1), the end arms (30) being journalled on the mounting bed (25) for swinging movement about journals (31) positioned on an axial line extending in parallel to shaft (1).

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously producing wood pulp from wood shavings comprising a screw which rotates within a hollow cylinder. The hollow interior of the cylinder is divided into a pressure zone and a grinding and bleaching zone, the shavings being subjected to at least partially defibrillation under a high, continuously-increasing pressure in the pressure zone and then being simultaneously further defibrillated and bleached in the grinding and bleaching zone. The grinding and bleaching zone includes a plurality of pin planes, each plane being formed of at least three radially extending pins which project through the wall of the cylinder, the planes being spaced apart along the length of the screw.

Abstract: Method and grinder for the manufacture of fibre pulp from lignocellulosic material, such as wood chips or the like. The fibres are detached from the material by means of a grinding member (6) and the fibrous material is formed into a body, which without rotational movement is fed, while being compressed, into a grinding zone (5) which has converging wall surfaces. In the grinding zone (5) the fibrous material is worked upon by the grinding member (6) which is rotatable relatively to the body of fibrous material and which delimits at least one of the converging wall surfaces of the grinding zone (5). The detached fibres are removed (at 8) from the grinding zone.

Abstract: Waste paper is defiberized within a container or receptacle in a thick stock range at a low water level. Thereafter, by further infeeding water, the obtained slurry or the like is diluted to a consistency of less than 7% while continuing the defiberizing operation. Finally, the obtained stock suspension is withdrawn through a sieve or screen located at the floor of a defiberizing container. The defiberizing container or receptacle used for performing the method possesses a lower region having a smaller diameter, above which there is located an upper region having a larger diameter.