Abstract: The invention refers to a process for dewatering a pulp web, particularly a chemical pulp web, where dewatering takes place between twin wire belts or felts in an initial dewatering zone with a set area pressure and then in a second dewatering zone. It is mainly characterized by the area pressure in the initial dewatering zone being pre-set, and in the second dewatering zone it is adjustable, with the web being dewatered in both directions (upwards and downwards). The invention also refers to a device for implementing the process.

Abstract: In order to render a twin wire former for a paper machine more applicable to an appropriate dewatering pressure state with respect to widely used paper formation conditions, there is provided a dewatering device including a plurality of dewatering blades that face a gap for paper formation through the wires constituting closed loops. The dewatering blades comprise a pressure adjustment unit for operating the dewatering blades in a direction close to or away from a wire and an angle adjustment unit for swinging the dewatering blades in a wire running direction, which are operationally associated with each other. The angle formed between an active plane of the dewatering blades and the wires is externally adjustable by the angle adjustment unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating turbulence in stock to deflocculate the stock in an open surface forming section of a paper making machine comprises a dewatering box providing vacuum assisted drainage and which has a set of dewatering elements that impart turbulence into relatively thick stock layers carried at machine operating speeds of equal up to about 400 m/min, for the production of paper products having a basis weight generally in excess of about 160 gsm. Each set of elements includes a lead-in element, at least one intermediate element, and a trailing element. The path of the forming fabric is deflected downwardly as it passes over the intermediate elements, which are inclined at an angle of from about 0.25.degree. to about 10.degree. from a plane defined by forming fabric supporting surfaces on the lead-in and riser elements. This vertical movement initiates turbulence and agitation in the stock, which acts both to deflocculate the stock and to diminish the possibility of sheet sealing.

Abstract: A foil blade for use in dewatering devices found in a web forming section of a papermaking machine is described. The improved foil blade according to the present invention is easily installed into and removed from such dewatering devices. The improved foil blade of the present invention is rigidly mounted within the same dewatering devices such that the foil blade does not rotate or change geometry during a papermaking process as a wire or fabric having a stock mixture thereon travels over the foil blade. The improvement resides in providing a loaded clamping assembly for the foil blade. In one embodiment, according to the present invention, the loaded clamping assembly comprises a pneumatic load air tube to rigidly secure the foil blade to a dewatering device in a web-forming section of a papermaking machine. The foil blade being firmly clamped in position by way of the loaded air tube, cannot rotate or change geometry during operation.

Abstract: A papermaking apparatus such as a Fourdrinier table which includes a long blade and a trail blade. In the first aspect of the invention, the long blade includes an upper undulated surface with vents passing from the upper undulated surface to the lower surface of the long blade which is at substantially atmospheric pressure. In the second aspect of the invention, the trail blade includes an elevator-type device for adjusting the vertical position of the trail blade. In a third aspect of the invention, a single elevator is used to adjust the angle of the blade, the blade is provided as a modular or multiple-piece design, mounting buttons are used to engage slots of T-shaped cross section in the blade and/or ceramic inserts are included at wear points.

Abstract: A drainage device and method which provides for drainage from paper or pulp stock on a fabric in a sheet or mat making machine which includes a primary blade and trail blade with a gap therebetween for drainage wherein the size of the gap controls drainage and the primary blade is so configured so as to force a portion of the drained liquid through the fabric to create paper stock activity and disbursement while minimizing turbulence and maintaining laminar flow in the machine direction along with providing reinforcement of CD shear.

Abstract: In order to meet higher demands for the properties of paperboard products an improved method and machine for the manufacture of paperboard are proposed according to the present invention in which a core of a paperboard web is formed in a second forming unit from a stock with a consistency of 1.5-6.0% being supplied to the fourdrinier wire of a fourdrinier former carrying a back layer formed previously in a first forming unit, from a headbox for high consistency stock and being dewatered upon being enclosed between the fourdrinier wire and a top wire in said second forming unit, and in which an underliner is formed in a third forming unit of stock with a consistency of 0.3-1.4% being supplied to the fourdrinier wire carrying the back layer and core, from a headbox for stock of low consistency.

Abstract: A papermaking apparatus such as a Fourdrinier table which includes a long blade and a trail blade. In the first aspect of the invention, the long blade includes an upper undulated surface with vents passing from the upper undulated surface to the lower surface of the long blade which is at substantially atmospheric pressure. In the second aspect of the invention, the trail blade includes an elevator-type device for adjusting the vertical position of the trail blade. In a third aspect of the invention, a single elevator is used to adjust the angle of the blade, the blade is provided as a modular or multiple-piece design, mounting buttons are used to engage slots of T-shaped cross section in the blade and/or ceramic inserts are included at wear points.

Abstract: A papermaking apparatus such as a Fourdrinier table which includes a long blade and a trail blade. In the first aspect of the invention, the long blade includes an upper undulated surface with vents passing from the upper undulated surface to the lower surface of the long blade which is at substantially atmospheric pressure. In the second aspect of the invention, the trail blade includes an elevator-type device for adjusting the vertical position of the trail blade. The first and second aspects may be used independently or simultaneously.

Abstract: In order to prevent the lowering of yield of fibers of stock which is pinched by two wires and being transferred, specific dewatering blades are disposed on each of the wires are used. Blade sets are disposed on two wires 1, 2 forming loops to pinch stock 7 and running therealong. The blades of one blade set are dewatering limiting blades 20, each having a plane portion 20a to support the wires 1, 2 and an inclined face 20b disposed on the wire entering side of said plane portion 20a and forming a space of a wedge shape facing the wire face and enlarging toward the upstream side in the wire running direction. The blades of the other blade set are dewatering blades 21, each having a plane portion 21a to support the wires 1, 2 and an edge 21b to scrape water toward the upstream side of said plane portion 21a. The plane portion 21a having the edge 21b is disposed opposite to the space of a wedge shape.

Abstract: A set of ribs in a dewatering device in a paper machine for supporting and/or loading at least one wire in the paper machine and/or doctoring water from the inner face(s) of the at least one wire. The set of ribs includes at least two cross-direction ribs placed at a distance from one another in the machine direction and whose height positions are adjustable. The ribs of the set of ribs are interconnected in pairs by intermediate parts, and by crank mechanisms placed at a distance from one another in the cross direction of the at least one wire so that the ribs are loadable independently from one another.

Abstract: A drainage device and method which provides for drainage from paper or pulp stock on a fabric in a sheet or mat making machine which includes a primary blade and trail blade with a gap therebetween for drainage wherein the size of the gap controls drainage and the primary blade is so configured so as to force a portion of the drained liquid through the fabric to create paper stock activity and disbursement while minimizing turbulence and maintaining laminar flow in the machine direction along with providing reinforcement of CD shear.

Abstract: The present invention refers to an under felt inclined flat former for making multilayer or monolayer sheets of paper comprising a plurality of forming units arranged along a production line. Each of the forming units is supported on corresponding rigid supports and is provided with a rolls system on which the forming unit rests when the support are removed, in such a manner that the selected forming unit can be removed from the production line for cleaning or maintenance purposes, without interrupting the operation of the former equipment.

Abstract: A papermaking vacuum apparatus having a web-facing surface adapted to support a papermaking belt and comprising a head, a body and at least one vacuum slot disposed in the head and defining an aperture on the web-facing surface. The vacuum slot is in fluid communication with the web-facing surface and extends from the web-facing surface to the body which is in further fluid communication with a vacuum source. The web-facing surface comprises a leading surface and a trailing surface. The leading surface has a transitional area juxtaposed with the aperture created by the vacuum slot. This transitional area has a predetermined Z-directional spacing from the papermaking belt, which Z-spacing continuously and gradually increases in the machine direction whereby the amount of vacuum pressure applied through the vacuum slot to the paper web gradually increases as the paper web travels in the machine direction over the slot.

Abstract: An under felt inclined flat former for making multilayer or monolayer sheets of paper comprising a plurality of forming units arranged along a production line. Each of the forming units is supported on corresponding rigid supports and is provided with a roller system on which the forming unit or a portion thereof rests which when the supports are removed, the selected forming unit or portion thereof can be removed from the production line for cleaning or maintenance purposes, without interrupting the operation of the former equipment. Each forming unit including means to create activity in the stock in addition to causing liquid to be drained therefrom for sheet formation.

Abstract: A former section provided with a twin-wire zone in a paper machine including a carrying wire and a covering wire which form the twin-wire zone therebetween them, and web-forming and draining members arranged in the twin-wire zone. In an initial part of the twin-wire zone, a stationary unit of forming ribs is arranged inside a loop of one of the wires and includes transverse forming ribs extending across the entire width of the wires and placed at a distance from one another to define gaps therebetween. A loading unit is placed opposite to these forming ribs inside the loop of the opposite wire and includes spring blades which are loaded against that wire. The dragging and loading areas of these spring blades are placed substantially in the middle areas of the gaps between the forming ribs in the stationary unit of forming ribs to prevent crushing of the web between the forming ribs in the stationary unit of forming ribs.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a wet end assembly disposed at a wet end of a paper making machine for forming a fiber web from a fiber suspension. A headbox including a plurality of inner walls defines a chamber. The headbox further includes an inlet in communication with the chamber for receiving the fiber suspension and a discharge nozzle in communication with the chamber for discharging the fiber suspension. The headbox further includes structure, engaged with the inner walls, for selectively and adjustably compensating for deflections of the inner walls. A former includes a moving top endless wire and a moving bottom endless wire, with the top endless wire and the bottom endless wire defining a converging gap therebetween. The converging gap has an entrance end positioned adjacent the discharge nozzle for receiving the fiber suspension therefrom. A press section includes a suction roll carrying an endless belt.

Abstract: A forming section for a two-fabric paper machine using at least one formation blade having a shallow cavity in its top surface. The cavity is placed and dimensioned to withdraw fluid continuously from the stock, and to propel it back through the fabric and the incipient paper web into the stock so as to cause a controlled level of localized turbulence which serves to improve formation without causing excessive drainage or fines loss. The formation blade shape, in conjunction with the forming fabric tension, is configured to provide a hydraulic seal between the fabric and the stock, so that all of the withdrawn fluid is returned to the stock.

Abstract: A rib construction for a draining device in a paper machine in which a loading rib is used to support and/or to load a wire or wires in a paper machine and/or to doctor water from the face of a wire or wires. The rib is loaded by pressure of a medium. Between the rib and its frame part, a pressure space is formed and defined by a flexible belt and into the loading pressure is passed into this pressure space. The flexible belt defines the pressure space so that the area of effect of the loading force is independent from the movement of the rib toward the wire(s).

Abstract: A set of ribs in a dewatering device in a paper machine which is used to support and/or to load the wire or wires in the paper machine and/or to doctor water from an inner face of a loop of the wire or wires. The set of ribs includes at least two transverse ribs placed one after the other at a distance from one another in the machine direction. The height positions of the ribs are adjustable and the ribs are interconnected in pairs by intermediate parts. The intermediate parts connect to the ribs by mechanisms of four articulated joints placed at a distance from one another in the transverse direction of the wire/wires so that the positions of the ribs in the horizontal direction remaining invariable irrespective of the height positions of the ribs in relation to one another. The intermediate parts and associated articulation mechanism are placed at a distance from one another in the vertical direction.

Abstract: An adjusting apparatus adjusts the height and/or angular position of a strip associated with an screen belt of a paper producing system, which strip extends transversely to a direction of motion of the screen belt. The apparatus is disposed on a machine frame-fixed guide rail. A carriage is mounted displaceably along the fixed guide rail, such that a longitudinal motion of the carriage translates into a vertical adjusting motion of the strip and/or an angular pivoting of the strip relative to the paper pulp screen. A longitudinally nondisplaceable support is attached to the strip and it is supported on the carriage. Guide elements are disposed either in the carriage or the support for adjusting the height and/or angle of the support relative to the fixed guide rail. The support or the carriage have lateral grooves formed therein in which the guide elements are received. The grooves extend at an incline relative to the direction of motion of the carriage by an angle of substantially between 0.5.degree. and 5.

Abstract: Improved system for controlling the forming and dewatering of a web of paper by submerged drainage in which air does not penetrate the fiber/aqueous dispersion and the formed web. The dewatering is via altering the natural tension of the meniscus of the water to induce enhanced drainage of water from the aqueous dispersion of paper making fibers in the wetter end of the system and from the drier end of the fabric. Also, the improved horizontal system provides substantially equivalent side surfaces to the paper formed in such system.

Abstract: In a double wire former of a paper machine, a first continuous wire (1) is fed onto an at least partially curved guiding surface (4) so as to converge with a second wire (2), wherein the guiding surface (4) is movable in a form-locked manner relative to the wires. After the dewatering section described above, a further guiding surface (7) follows which, in advantageous embodiments, has an opposite sense of curvature and is fixedly located.

Abstract: Clip type fasteners for attaching paper machine fabric contacting elements to their supporting structures. The fasteners are provided typically with two tight tolerance slots, which are press-fits onto the elements and the support structure. The fasteners allow for simple removal, replacement, and respacing of the elements.

Abstract: A loading box adjustable in zones thereof for a former of a paper or board machine. The former comprises a twin-wire section including two wires placed one above the other and running in the same transfer direction. In the twin-wire section, a drain box is mounted at one side of the wires to remove water out of a fibrous pulp running between the wires. At the opposite side of the wires, a loading box is mounted and is provided with loading ribs arranged in the transverse direction in relation to the transfer direction and which extend across the web width. The loading ribs are loaded toward the bottom of the drain box in order to produce a desired compression in the fibrous pulp running between the wires. The loading box is provided with loading members arranged to produce a locally raising or lowering force applied to the loading ribs in the direction transverse to the transfer direction.

Abstract: The invention is related to a twin-wire web former in a paper machine having a covering wire and a carrying wire which form a twin-wire forming zone with one another. A discharge opening of a headbox feeds a pulp suspension jet into the forming gap defined between said wires. The forming gap is immediately followed immediately by a forming shoe provided with a curved guide deck. A draining unit or units is/are provided after the forming shoe, before the first forming roll. The draining unit/units comprise(s) a press/support unit which guides the wire placed in contact with it as a straight run. The draining unit or units further comprise(s) a draining equipment provided with suction and foil equipment and placed opposite to the press/support unit, which draining equipment removes a substantial amount of water out of the web.

Abstract: An improved cross direction fiber movement and dewatering device for typical papermaking machinery comprised of a main body (22) typically made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene conventionally machined with vacuum orientation diagonal slots (30) with alternating flat support zones on the top of the unit, equal in relation to the machined vacuum slots (31). The device promotes fiber reorientation on x and y axis, or cross direction to the general flow patterns of the paper machine while dewatering the pulp slurry (20) and promoting improved paper qualities.

Abstract: The twin-wire former serves for the production of a web of paper or board. Two wire belts (endless wire loops 11 and 12) form a twin-wire zone with each other. Within the twin-wire zone, the one wire belt (12) travels over rigid ledges (28', 28) which are arranged spaced apart from each other on a water-removal box (18). Within the twin-wire zone, furthermore, the other wire belt (11) travels over several ledges (27) which lie opposite the rigid ledges (28), are supported by means of resilient elements (springs 24, pneumatic pressure cushions, or the like), and can be pressed with a selectable force against the other wire belt. Within one of the wire loops (for instance 11), bridging at least two of the ledges (27) present there, a closed wire support surface (9) is provided. A secondary headbox (10') can be arranged in front of the closed wire support surface (9).

Abstract: An angularly adjustable drainage foil for paper machines. A facultatively two-part support structure extends across the machine width, and comprises a first beam and a backing shape mounted on it. A facultatively two-part cover strip extends across the machine width, and consists of an upper, wear-resistant foil strip and a support shape supporting the foil strip. A moving device effects a relative longitudinal motion of the cover strip and support structure. As the cover strip and support structure are moved relative to each other, the angle of incidence .alpha. between drainage surface 12b and the wire surface running over it is influenced. Provided between the underside of the cover strip and the top side of the support structure are compression means which force the claws of the cover strip on the respective backing surfaces of the support structure.

Abstract: The wire end or forming section of a paper making machine is a twin wire section defined by two endless loop wire belts or wires between which fibrous suspension moves through the wire end. A supporting element, either in the form of a rotating cylinder or in the form of a support belt, has the wires passing over it in the twin wire zone. Pressure elements, in the form of strips, rods or even a shoe, are supported to apply pressure on the wire belts and directed toward the moving supporting surface. The pressure elements are placed along the twin wire path so that pressure free regions remain between neighboring pressure elements. The pressure elements are distributed over the entire width of the wire belts.

Abstract: A self-loading controlled deflection roll has movable shoes disposed inside the roll shell, at the opposite ends and at the center of a central shaft, for displacing the external surface of the roll shell toward and away from a mating roll forming a nip with the controlled deflection roll. In order to ensure that both ends of the controlled deflection roll shell move evenly in a radial direction into nipping engagement with the mating roll, and to also ensure that the ends retract evenly away from nip engagement, a control system and method are provided for automatically adjusting the flow of hydraulic fluid, such as oil, which is used to displace the shoes at the opposite end of the central shaft.

Abstract: A dewatering instrument of a twin-wire former allows the angles at which the wires are wrapped around the dewatering blades to be adjusted even during operation so that pulsating pressure applied to the paper stock may be set appropriately according to the prevailing paper making condition. The respective dewatering blades of the dewatering instrument are supported by two support bodies, the first one of which is fixed and pivotably supports the blade, and the second one of which is movable to pivot the blade about the first. For example, the second support body may be a flexible tube which is inflatable and deflatable. When the blade is pivoted, the attitude of the land of the blade is changed so that the wrap angles of the wires with respect to the land of the dewatering blade are adjusted.

Abstract: The instant device is a forming board position control system. A forming board fitted with the instant invention is positioned at various distances from and with virtually perfect constant parallelarity to the lie of the frontal plane of a headbox in apposition to the forming board. A computer controlled motor causes a parallelwise positioned pair of worm gear jacks mounted to the board, to move the board longitudinally to and fro through a distance from the frontal plane of the headbox as is determined with reference to manually manipulated computerized settings until the system stops perforce of a signal to such effect received by a controller computer as the result of interaction as between a magnet affixed to the base of one of two mounting plates to which the board is also mounted and a transducer closely positioned thereto and connected directly to the computer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a twin-wire web former for a paper machine wherein a covering wire and a carrying wire form a twin-wire forming zone between them. A method for dewatering a web is also disclosed. In the invention, water is drained out of a web running through the twin-wire zone through both of the wires. After the twin-wire zone, the web is separated from the covering wire and is transferred on the carrying wire to a pick-up point. In hybrid formers, after an initial single-wire forming zone preceding the twin-wire zone, and in gap formers, after a curved forming zone placed directly after a forming gap, there is a forming shoe provided with a ribbed deck and arranged inside one of the wire loops. This forming shoe is followed by dewatering and web forming units which include forming ribs and are placed inside both of the wire loops. At least one of the dewatering and web forming units is loaded by means of a pressure-hose arrangement.

Abstract: The invention concerns a twin-wire web former in a paper machine, comprising a carrying wire and a covering wire which together form a twin-wire forming zone. In this forming zone, a forming unit is fitted, which comprises a forming board and a drainage box placed one opposite the other. In the forming board placed facing the drainage box there are a number of transverse loading ribs placed at a distance from each other. Subsequent transverse loading ribs are interconnected by intermediate parts which, together with the transverse loading ribs form ribbed shoes. These shoes can be loaded by means of loading hoses to produce a dewatering pressure in the web (W) placed between the wires. In the area of the forming unit the dewatering takes place both through the covering wire and through the carrying wire also toward the forming board through the open spaces placed between its transverse loading ribs.

Abstract: A hydraulic support device in a paper making machine for supporting a first beam (52) on a second beam (53), having a pressure cushion (54) between the two beams. The pressure prevailing in the pressure cushion is variable but it is uniform over the entire length of the pressure cushion. The pressure cushion (54) rests on a contact surface of the first beam (52). The width (b) of the contact surface as seen in cross section is less than the total width (B) of the pressure cushion (54). A free space (55) into which a loop of the pressure cushion (54) can penetrate is provided on each side of the contact surface.

Abstract: A dewatering device for the web-forming or wet section of a papermaking machine comprises foils arranged transverse to a forming wire, that is to say, extend in the cross-machine direction. Force or powering elements act upon the foils so as to exert a force or pressure upon the forming wire, and thus, bring about dewatering and sheet formation of a layer of fiber stock suspension reposing upon the forming wire. The force elements are constructed and positioned such that additional moments are generated which counteract tilting moments produced by the frictional force present between the foils and the forming wire. In certain arrangements, the force elements also can be interconnected with one another.

Abstract: A stationary support device for a paper making machine wire has a movable cover strip, which is formed of a movable support strip and a head strip formed of a hard material on the support strip. The head strip has a leading upstream edge over which the wire slides and has a dewatering surface after the leading edge and which forms a variable angle of inclination with the wire. In the region of its front edge the moveable support strip is connected by a web-groove joint to a rigid support. A bar which is displaceable cross machine is inserted in the rigid support on the rear of the support device. A plurality of obliquely extending grooves are provided in the bar. In each groove there is a slide block which receives the spherical head of a pin. The pin is engaged by its external thread in the internal thread of a square bushing which is fastened in the support strip of the cover strip. The position of the pin can be adjusted parallel to the direction of travel of the wire in the bushing.

Abstract: A twin wire former wherein the forming turbulence of a first forming section is quieted by a main forming roller. Behind the main forming roller, as viewed with respect to a predetermined direction of travel of the forming wires, there is accomplished a further forming of the paper web or sheet from the fiber stock suspension in a second forming section. Due to this arrangement there is possible optimum formation of the paper web or sheet with the use of very little dilution water for the fiber stock suspension. Additionally, due to intensive shear forces present in the second forming section flocks formed in the fiber stock suspension and the paper web or sheet at the region of the main forming roller, can be eliminated so that the structure of the paper web or sheet is made more uniform.

Abstract: A twin wire sheet-forming apparatus for a paper machine having at least two fixed hydroextractors which have separate places for drainage to the hydroextractor side from places for dispersion of fibers. These hydroextractors are arranged alternately in the two wire loops, and have shoe blades, with a wedge shaped trough in a mid-portion of each shoe blade. The wires do not bend at a front leading portion of each shoe, yet do bend at the mid-portion or back portion of each shoe for generating a pressure pulse to disperse the fibers.

Abstract: Improved system for controlling the forming and dewatering of a web of paper by submerged drainage in which air does not penetrate the fiber/aqueous dispersion and the formed web. The dewatering is via altering the natural tension of the meniscus of the water to induce enhanced drainage of water from the aqueous dispersion of paper making fibers in the wetter end of the system and from the drier end of the fabric. Also, the improved horizontal system provides substantially equivalent side surfaces to the paper formed in such system.

Abstract: A device for supporting a plurality of dewatering elements contacting a lower surface of a paper-making belt, wherein the plurality of dewatering elements are pivotably connected with each other through a link, the dewatering elements each being aerially supported by a stand, the stand being provided with a jack capable of reciprocally moving upwardly and downwardly, an upper end of the jack being pivotably connected to the link so that each of the dewatering elements can be aerially supported thereon, the link being pushed up and pushed down by the upward and downward movements of the jack, thereby adjusting inclination of each dewatering element.

Abstract: A twin-wire web former in a paper machine includes a covering wire and a carrying wire defining a forming zone, at the beginning of which zone there is a forming gap into which the discharge opening of a headbox feeds a pulp suspension jet. A first forming roll is located on the twin-wire zone, in the area of the forming gap, on which the twin-wire zone is curved within a certain sector, followed by a dewatering unit(s), which is in turn followed by a second forming roll(s) in the twin-wire zone. Thereafter, the web is detached from the covering wire and passed on the carrying wire to a pick-up point. Between the first forming roll and the second forming roll(s), a dewatering unit(s) is provided which comprises a press-support unit which guides the wire that enters into contact with the unit as a straight run. The dewatering unit(s) also includes a dewatering equipment facing the press-support unit and provided with suction and foil equipment for removing a substantial amount of water out of the web.

Abstract: A wire loading device in a paper machine, by whose means a mechanical load is applied to the wire of the paper machine across its entire width, is disclosed. By means of this load, a pressure pulse is applied to the fiber layer or web supported by a wire or between wires. By means of the pressure pulse, the dewatering of the web is promoted, the formation of the web is improved, and/or the transverse profiles of different properties of the web are controlled, such as the transverse profiles of dewatering, filler distribution, formation, and/or retention. The loading device includes a plate-shaped spring blade, whose side is arranged as substantially parallel to the run of the wire or wires. The spring blade is adapted to drag against the inner face of a wire loop to produce a pressure pulse. The spring blade is attached, from outside its dragging area, to a frame part of the loading device.

Abstract: In a twin-wire former in a paper machine, an operation of a hybrid former mode and that of a gap former mode are conducted, and papers of quality conforming to the kind of papers can be made in a wide range of basis weight with regard to multiple kinds of papers.In the twin-wire former, a forming roll, which guides a top wire so that it can approach to a bottom wire to pinch the stock of paper and run approximately horizontally, is made adjustable in an up and down direction.Upper surfaces of blades of a forming board and a forming shoe provided inside a loop of the bottom wire, are upwardly convex so that dewatering can be effected mainly downward.

Abstract: A twin wire forming apparatus for forming a web from stock having an ash content above 20% has upstream end disposed closely adjacent to a headbox. A curved shoe cooperates with a second wire and is immediately downstream relative to the upstream end of the forming section. The second wire is between a first wire and the shoe, so that a first portion of water is removed through the first wire when the wires and the stock move over the shoe. A dewatering device is between the shoe and the downstream end of the forming section and cooperates with the first wire and is on the opposite side of the wires relative to the shoe. The dewatering device has a curvature which is less than, and opposite to that of the curved shoe. A second portion of water is removed from the stock through the second wire during movement of the stock and the wires over the dewatering device.

Abstract: A means for controlling wires in a twin-wire section in a paper or cardboard machine where the wires run over the other for dewatering stock that is present between the wires, where a dewatering box is provided on one side of the wires and where a number of strips disposed side by side are provided on the other side of the wires, said strips running across the transport direction of the wires and over the total width of the wires, and where the strips have been arranged to be pressed against the wire lying closest to the strips, with the aid of pressure elements, where said pressure elements are disposed to act between the strips and a supporting table or equivalent, said supporting table being fixedly mounting relative to said dewatering box.

Abstract: An adjustable angle foil apparatus for a paper making machine is described in which a rigid foil member is pivoted by a cam actuated adjustment mechanism to change the foil angle. The cam actuator includes at least a rear set of cam slots and cam follower pins connecting a foil support member to a foil mounting base member to pivot support member in response to longitudinal movement thereof for adjustment of the foil angle. A rigid foil body made of foil segments of ceramic or other hard, wear resistant material, are attached by tongue and groove connections and bonding adhesive to the foil support member. The cam actuated adjustment mechanism pivots such support member to adjust the foil angle without bending the foil. In one embodiment a front set of cam slots and cam follower pins is provided to maintain the height of the leading edge of the foil substantially constant at different foil angles.

Abstract: The de-watering apparatus for a two-wire paper machine is constructed in such a manner that following the convergence of both wires, firstly, a uniform pressure at a forming roll is exerted on the suspension layer located between the wires. Subsequently, both wires pass de-watering rails which may be located in the upper and/or the lower wire. In this case, an under-pressure is exerted at least at the rails located in the upper wire. At least one further de-watering member then follows before both wires are separated again. The de-watering apparatus can also be used after a preliminary de-watering section, for example an endless wire, and also in the direct vicinity of a head box.

Abstract: A stationary support device for the drainage wire screen of a fiber web forming section. The cover ledge over which the drainage screen passes has a front edge which the screen passes and then the drainage surface beneath the wire screen diverges from the wire screen in the wire screen advancing direction. The cover ledge is of hard material. The front part of the cover ledge is supported by a support at a rigid pivot joint. The rearward part of the cover ledge is supported by wedge surface connections for permitting adjustment of the tilt orientation of the cover ledge with respect to the drainage wire. Leaf type clamping springs disposed between the cover ledge and the support, disposed rearwardly of the front joint and disposed forwardly of the wedge surface connections. The clamping leaf springs being connected to the cover ledge by tie rods at the center of the spring and to the support by tie rods at the ends of the springs.