Abstract: Disclosed herein are perforated structures and methods for their manufacture. The perforated structures comprise zones of perforations, which are optimized for controlling the flow of gas or liquid through the perforated structure. The perforated structures may be configured for use as molds and for manufacture by additive manufacturing processes.

Abstract: A hinged double-frame mould-and-deckle tool for making paper by hand (a keta in Japanese), comprising two equal-size frame sections, mould below and deckle above, which hold between them a flexible bamboo screen (called a su) on which a fiber web is formed, provided with seating grooves, mortised guide bar, finger openings at either end of the front channel, catch latches positioned for optimal seating of the screen and locking of the frame, removable struts, and beveled deckle. For purposes of this application and its claims, a screen or su is not part of the present invention.

Abstract: A pulp mould, comprising a porous sintered body (11) having an outer surface (13) and an inner surface (12), wherein a portion (11B) of said mould comprises an area (16) at its outer periphery provided with means (16A; 47) integrated during sintering to achieve impermeability of said outer area (16).

Abstract: This invention relates to a porous pulp mould comprising sintered particles and a plurality of drainage channels. The pulp mould of the invention can be produced in a fast and cost effective way. The moulding surface of the invention comprises small pore openings, to evacuate fluid and prevent fibres from entering the pulp mould. Furthermore the pulp mould of the invention comprises drainage channels improving the drainage capabilities of the pulp mould. The moulding surface can be heated to at least 200° C., due to high heat conductivity of the pulp mould and its ability to withstand high temperatures.

Abstract: A liquefied paper material is used as raw materials. A paper frame member 1 supporting a vibrating plate is paper-skimmed and formed. On paper-skimming and forming, a central hole for use in voice coils, air-release hole 1a releasing air pressure in a rear of the vibrating plate to outside due to vibration of the vibrating plate. A loudspeaker system is manufactured using the paper frame member 1.

Abstract: A pulp molded article having a pulp fiber layer (2) of single layer structure which is formed by papermaking from a single raw material composition and has a density distribution in the thickness direction thereof. The pulp fiber layer (2) has such a density distribution that the density increases or decreases in the thickness direction thereof.

Abstract: A method of producing a pulp molded article comprising the steps of assembling splits (10, 11) each having a suction passageway and a papermaking screen (5) into a papermaking mold (1), filling the cavity of the papermaking mold (1) with a pulp slurry, discharging the liquid component of the pulp slurry through the suction passageway to deposit pulp fiber on the inner side of the papermaking screen (5) into an undried wet molded article, and dewatering the undried molded article deposited on the inner side of the papermaking screen (5), wherein the splits (10, 11) each have a large number of flow passageways (2) for feeding a purging fluid for cleaning the papermaking screen (5), and the purging fluid is ejected from the outer side of the papermaking screen (5) toward the cavity through the flow passageways (2) during the filling with the pulp slurry.

Abstract: An on-machine-seamable papermaker's fabric includes a base fabric having seaming loops at its widthwise edges for joining the papermaker's fabric into endless form on a paper machine. The seam formed when the seaming loops are interdigitated and joined to one another with a pintle is covered with a strip of flow-resistant material, or, where the base fabric is a laminated structure having a top layer and a bottom layer, strips of flow-resistant material are placed between the top and bottom layers adjacent to the seam. The flow-resistant material provides the seam region with permeabilities to air and water substantially identical to those of the rest of the papermaker's fabric. At least one layer of staple fiber batt is entangled through the base fabric and flow-resistant material.

Abstract: A pulp forming machine includes a forming head including a platen and plurality of mould carriers. The mould carriers are connected to the platen by mould carrier support means which allow the mould carrier and the platen to transmit forces perpendicular to the general plane of the platen but allow movement and expansion of each mould carrier in the general plane of the platen. Mould carrier to mould carrier locating means locate the mould carriers of opposing platens during the forming process to align moulds carried on the mould carriers with cooperating moulds of the cooperating platen.

Abstract: The mutually associated moulding tools, such as a suction mould and an associated pressing-and-depositing mould, neither of which are shown, comprise a baseplate (1) with a modularly divided, rectangular area (2) provided with perforations (3), on which area (2) it is possible to secure, e.g. by means of screws, a number of closely adjacent modular mould parts (A,B) with a rectangular outline, each of the modular mould parts (A,B) serving to produce an article (C,D,E) to be separated from the pulp-material shell having been produced in a subsequent operation. With this arrangement, it is possible to keep the cost of manufacturing the moulding tools and the time required for re-arranging them at such low levels, that even small series of articles (C,D,E) may be manufactured profitably.

Abstract: The invention relates to a papermaking fabric and method of producing a soft, bulky tissue web in which an embryonic fiber web is wet-molded onto a three-dimensional substrate wherein the web-contacting surface of said substrate is a three-dimensional porous nonwoven material. The method can provide higher levels of bulk and surface depth in tissues than is practical with woven papermaking fabrics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a papermaking fabric and method of producing a soft, bulky tissue web in which an embryonic fiber web is wet-molded onto a three-dimensional substrate wherein the web-contacting surface of said substrate is a three-dimensional porous nonwoven material. The method can provide higher levels of bulk and surface depth in tissues than is practical with woven papermaking fabrics.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for forming a biodegradable, thin-walled packing chip from an aqueous pulp of recycled newsprint by contacting the pulp with a mold comprising: (a) a solid core having substantially the shape of the article to be formed and having a minimal number of holes through which air may be evacuated and (b) an air permeable, stretchable fabric which covers the exterior of the core. After forming the chip on the fabric through application of a vacuum, the fabric is separated sufficiently from the solid surface to cause release of the chip from the fabric. The dried packing chip has enhanced packing qualities, is environmentally friendly and provides a significant new use for recycled newsprint.

Abstract: A filter element for use in an oil filter is composed of main fibers of at least 5 .mu.m diameter and micro fibers of less than 5 .mu.m diameter. The micro fibers are filled in a density of 0.005 to 0.02 g/cm.sup.3. A slurry including the fibers is drawn into a suction unit through suction openings to form a molded body. The filter element is given a density gradient such that the micro fibers are denser in the inner periphery than in the outer periphery. Following the drawing step, the molded body together with the inner mold is removed for subsequent dehydration and heating. During those processes the inner mold is kept located within the molded body.

Abstract: A papermaking fabric and method therefor is disclosed which may be used as a support fabric or a carrier fabric for paper material on a papermaking machine. The fabric, designated generally as (A) includes a first layer (B) of warp yarns (32, 34, 36, and 38) extending in a machine direction. A second layer (C) of warp yarns (42, 44, 46 and 48) is included in the fabric vertically spaced from the first layer. The warp yarns of the first and second layer form stacked pairs (52, 54, 56, and 58) which reinforce the fabric in a machine direction to enhance its stability. At the same time, the stacked pairs may be spaced apart in a cross-machine direction sufficiently to provide a desired degree of openness and fabric permeability. Fabric openness in the range of thirty percent or more of the total fabric area can be had in accordance with the fabric of the present invention without sacrificing the structural stability.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making fiber reinforced plastic preforms via a wet slurry process. A screen with the desired preform configuration is placed in the bottom of a tank. The tank is then filled with water and chopped fibers to create a slurry. The screen is raised up through the slurry causing fibers to be deposited on the screen in the shape of the preform. The preform is then removed from the screen, placed in a mold and injected with resin to form the desired structure.

Abstract: A process for producing a filter with multiple folds from an aqueous fiber mixture that is applied to a porous form, in which a paper-like filter mat is produced on the form under the action of pressure, and it is carried out without mechanical deformation of the rough casting. This is achieved pursuant to the invention by the fact that the aqueous fiber mixture is deposited on the porous form having the contour of the filter, from loading chambers separate from one another, and the filter is built up of adjacent fold sections in layers on the form by separate introduction of the fiber mixture to the fold sections connected to one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a press felt for the transportation of a web and for the dewatering thereof in a press part of a paper machine. The press felt comprises at least one needled flock layer formed by fibres. In order to eliminate the re-wetting and the blow effect, a surface layer is formed on or partially within the flock layer at least on one side of the felt. The permeability of the surface layer is substantially lower than that of the rest of the felt beneath the surface layer. The surface layer can be formed by a plastic material applied on the flock layer.

Abstract: A sculptured structural fiberboard product is formed using a mold that includes porous forming areas which, in one embodiment, are porous forming mandrels movably mounted on the mold, and liquid impervious thimbles which removably cover the porous areas. A fiber network is formed as water is drained off through the porous areas and the thimbles are moved to gradually unveil the porous areas during the mat formation. When mandrels are used, the mandrels are withdrawn in cooperation with a pressing force applied to the mat to consolidate and dry the web. The porous areas can also act as heat and mass transfer means during consolidation and drying. An alternative embodiment permits formation of laminated products and another alternative embodiment permits close control over the product density during consolidation and drying.

Abstract: An egg cell base is provided to create softened areas of egg contact. The base has a center area which creates a softened cushion for egg contact and also creates a gap to shield the eggs from contact with the surface upon which the egg carton rests. Internally, the bottom is provided with a crater construction which helps distribute contact over a larger shell area, and also helps locate and hold the egg tip in place. Surrounding the central area are foot areas of greater thickness which provide strength for stacking. The ring cushion also is capable of providing an accordian motion upward to accommodate high eggs that may bulge the cover of the carton stacked therebelow during shipment.

Abstract: A new and improved molded egg cell construction and method for its manufacture, wherein the molded egg cell includes a cushion or pillopad on an up-post side wall of the cell which projects inwardly, a thin area formed on the outside of the cell adjacent its bottom which is square, the sides of which are oriented at 45.degree. to the sides and ends of the egg carton incorporating the cell, and in which the bottom is planar on its interior surface but formed with thin areas on the exterior of the bottom, in between which, is a footed formation.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing a plurality of filter press diaphragms at any one time is disclosed herein. In one form of the invention the apparatus includes a sealed housing containing a plurality of sealed modules fed from a common header, to produce the diaphragms batch-wise. In another form of the invention, an indexing table is employed to produce the diaphragms continuously.