Abstract: The .alpha.-stabilizing element, e.g. P, and the .gamma.-stabilizing element, e.g. Mn, do not segregate at an identical site of a casting. Castings are cooled at a rate of 40.degree. C./min or less in a temperature range of the peritectic reaction and/or the Ar.sub.4 transformation, thereby condensing P and Mn into .delta. and .gamma. phases, respectively.

Abstract: During the melt spinning process for producing metal foils having an amorphous structure, molten metal is cast through a slot-like nozzle onto a surface or wall which is rapidly moved past the nozzle. A particularly rapid quenching and cooling rate of the solidifying melt is achieved by providing cooling support elements which are supplied with a cooling pressure medium, on one side of the moved surface or wall and which aide is located opposite to or remote from the nozzle. Advantageously, the surface or wall is constructed as a thin-walled cylindrical shell or tube which is elastically deformable to some extent. In its shell interior, there are provided a number of rows of cooling support elements which may be controlled by thickness sensors and temperature profile sensors. There is thus rendered possible, the continuous production of amorphous metal foils.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for cooling a continuous casting, which includes determining, for each element of steel, the steel residence time in each cooling spray zone of the secondary cooling and determining residence time flow rates as a function of average speed, grade, mold heat removal and section size of the steel strand. The system modifies the residence time flow signal using a feedback error flow signal that is derived in a feedback flow control loop. The feedback error flow signal is derived by comparing the actual measured specific flow GAL/FT.sup.2, based on the actual measured quantity of specific cooling water that each element of steel has received, with a calculated reference specific flow. The specific flow signal is further used to determine whether the system is to use the modified residence time flow or whether the flow should be shut off when the measured specific flow exceeds a maximum reference specific flow.

Abstract: An integrated process for automatically controlling the position of solidification of molten metal in the bite of rotating rolls of roll casting apparatus, the gauge of solid metal exiting the apparatus, and compensation for eccentricity in the rolls of the apparatus. The process includes a series of measuring steps that provide values indicative of solidification position, exit gauge and the frequency of roll eccentricity. The solidification position and gauge values are separately compared to reference values established for the position and gauge, with corrections being made respectively to the speed and casting gap of the rolls when differences occur between the measured and reference values. While such measuring and correcting steps are being performed the measured frequency of eccentricity is being employed to cyclically change the roll gap to offset the effects of eccentricity on the gauge of metal exiting the mill.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously casting a thin metallic strip comprising a melt receiver 3 for receiving molten metal, a pair of rolls 4 rotatably arranged under the melt receiver 3 and opposed to each other with a predetermined clearance, rotary drive device 5 for rotating the rolls 4 to draw out the molten metal under solidification as a casting through said clearance, and supply system 11 for supplying cooling water into the interior of the rolls 4, the apparatus further comprising roll temperature sensors 9 embedded in the outer peripheral portion of each roll 4 and equiangularly spaced circumferentially thereof for detecting the surface temperature of the roll 4, a position detecting device 14 for detecting the rotational position of the roll 4, and a control unit 20 for controlling the rotary drive device 5 and the cooling water supplying system 11 in response to detection signals from the temperature sensors 9 and the position detecting device 14.

Abstract: In continuous casting of a non-ferrous metal melt by a gas-pressure impartation method, the cast skin of a large size ingot is usually impaired by the chilling effect of a mold, and it is difficult to stably produce a large size ingot. This difficulty is overcome by controlling the quantity of gas inflow in accordance with the quantity of the light emitted from a light source provided below a mold and laterally to an ingot, which light reaches a separate chamber for gas-pressure impartation.

Abstract: A continuous casting machine has an open ended flow-through mold surrounded by a plurality of spray nozzles connected in groups to segregated sources of water and air for dispensing the same individually or in combination. The spray nozzles are positioned to provide multiple zones of cooling. Each nozzle may include a mixing valve operated by a control which in turn is connected to an individual temperature sensor mounted on the surface of the mold in an opposed relation to each nozzle. The control establishes the flow rates of air and water at each nozzle in accordance with the individual temperature of that portion of the mold whose temperature is affected by the respective nozzle.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for vertical, semi-continuous direct chill casting of light metal fabricating ingots of particularly, though not exclusively, lithium containing aluminium and magnesium alloys, through an open mould into a pit, comprising commencing the casting without a pool of water within the pit, supplying cooling water to the emergent ingot at a predetermined rate and continuously removing water from the pit as casting continues at a rate sufficient to ensure that no build up of a pool of water in the pit occurs, whereby the risk of violent and damaging explosion is further reduced.

Abstract: Method of cooling strands in the continuous casting of steel with a carbon content of 0.05 to 1.1 weight-percent, in which, for the production of billets having reduced segregations, cooling is performed very intensively in a first stage (3) and less intensively in a second stage (4) (FIG. 4).

Abstract: An improved process and apparatus for casting a strip with laterally extending lugs by introducing molten metal at the inlet of a molding zone having a bottom and sidewalls, the bottom of the molding zone being formed by the upper surface of a moving endless belt and the sidewalls being formed by a first and second moving endless sidedam. The sidedams move with the belt from the inlet to the outlet of the molding zone and return from the outlet to the inlet. Each sidedam comprises an endless strap and a multiplicity of blocks strung thereon. Some of the blocks form lug molding pockets, the height of each pocket being lower than the height of the molding zone. A cast strip with laterally extending lugs is extracted at the outlet of the molding zone. The passage of lug molding pockets or blocks forming these pockets in each sidedam is detected.

Abstract: A molten metal treatment apparatus comprising a passage of predetermined size and length for receiving superheated molten metal from a source thereof, and for supplying the molten metal for subsequent casting; a gas inlet and a control valve for controlling the velocity of the molten metal through the passage by exposing the molten metal to a source of pressurized gas; a cooling jacket at least partially surrounding the passage for controlling the temperature of the molten metal within the passage between predetermined upper and lower limits for forming a thin solidified shell having a molten metal core within the passage; the combination of the velocity of molten metal and the temperature of the molten metal within the passage for allowing dendrites to grow into the molten core from the solidified shell, and for breaking off portions of the dendrites and entraining them in the molten metal thereby producing a solids content within the molten metal for subsequent casting.

Abstract: An aftercooler for a horizontal continuous casting system is comprised of a plurality of individual cooling elements adapted to be positioned in contact with the strand after it leaves the mold. Each of the cooling elements has a passage for the flow of a fluid cooling medium through it and either or both of the contact pressure of the element against the strand and the flow rate of cooling medium may be adjusted to control the rate of cooling to suit the solidification characteristics of the metal being cast. Preferably, a plurality of sets of cooling elements are sequentially disposed along the length of the strand immediately downstream of the mold, each of the sets being disposed circumferentially around the strand so as to cool it on all sides. Control of the contact pressure and cooling medium flow rate is effected by a computer which compares measured values of cooling medium temperatures and flow rates in the elements with stored data representing desired characteristics for the metal being cast.

Abstract: In regulating the flow of cooling water sprayed upon a metallurgical product such as a steel slab in a machine for the continuous casting of such products which then undergo a straightening operation, the present, past and future speeds of the product are taken into account so as to compensate a projected change in the temperature of the product in the straightening stage, due to a planned or expected modification of the cooling conditions. These conditions are established by a regulating system responsive to changes in the speed of the product; the anticipated temperature change is compensated by substituting for the true speed, as a controlling parameter, a fictitious speed lying between the true speed and an advance image of an anticipated speed change whose effects upon the temperature are to be neutralized.

Abstract: A die casting system comprises a machine of the balanced, dual movement type wherein the part is cast and trimmed without any lateral movement. Both halves of the molds or dies are moved equal distances to and from the part plane. The machine incorporates a system of metal injection on the mold parting line with a runner-drain provision; provision for supporting the part at a plurality of points after the die opening; hydraulic fluid volumetric flow reduction; various nozzle configuration options and a heat transfer system for the dies. In addition, a part trimming machine is disclosed together with a cable transfer for moving the part from the casting machine to the trimming machine.

Abstract: Control method for preventing a breakout or/and a crack of the slab of continuous casting equipment. Heat flux waveforms or heat flux values commensurate to extracted heat values at various positions of a mold are measured by means of thin plate type surface heat flux meters (14, 14x, 14y, 14z) provided at various positions on side shell plate (11, 11c) of the mold (10). When an abnormality or a deviation from a target value is detected, pouring rate is changed, scope of supply, brands and the like of mold powder are controlled, or taper value of short sides of the mold is controlled, so that a breakout or/and a crack of the slab is prevented.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for producing rapidly solidified metallic tapes by a double-roll system are disclosed, wherein molten metal is poured into a kissing region defined between a fixed cooling roll and a movable cooling roll through a nozzle located thereabove and rapidly solidified at the kissing region to form a metallic tape. In this case, pushing forces added to the movable cooling roll by hydraulic cylinders at driving and operational sides are controlled by adding to or subtracting from a standard pushing force an adjusting quantity of the pushing force as a function of a difference between a roll gap at the driving side and a roll gap at the operational side.

Abstract: An apparatus and process electromagnetically forms feed ribbon or rod material into a desired thin strip shape. Inductors contain and form the material in molten form into the desired shape. There are at least an upstream and downstream inductor for applying the magnetic field to the molten material. Both the upstream and downstream inductors may be jointly used to contain and form the molten material into the thin strip shape. An alternating current is applied to the inductors to generate the magnetic field. This magnetic field defines a containment zone for the molten material and a gap between the molten material and the inductors. The current is applied to the inductors so that the gap remains substantially constant. The feed material has an upstream and a downstream liquid-solid interface adjacent the upstream and downstream inductors, respectively, which define the molten material head and solid material portions of the material.

Abstract: To permit a method of controlling the cooling of a cast product in a continuous casting installation to be effected at the beginning of casting, it is proposed to calculate periodically the value of the quantity of cooling water delivered at the start of casting to one of the cooling sections between the moments when an end of the cast product enters and leaves the one cooling section, the latter value being calculated by integrating the values of the quantities of cooling water calculated for the elements in the one cooling section and a fictitious portion of the cast product occupying a part of this one section between a downstream end thereof and the end of the cast product, said fictitious portion having a fictitious age determined as a function of the position of said portion in the casting installation and a fictitious extraction speed equal to the average of the average extraction speeds of the fictitious elements of the cast product in the one cooling section.

Abstract: The cooling of a cast steel slab in a continuous casting installation is controlled by dividing the cast product into successive fictitious elements and periodically calculating the water flow values of the cooling water delivered to the successive cooling sections in the secondary cooling zone of the installation as a function of the age of the elements in these sections. The quantity of heat extracted in the mold is taken into account by periodically determining the water flow values in the different zones by means of a computer on the basis of a first curve giving the variations of the quantity of heat extracted from a unitary mass of the cast product as a function of the time while the cast product passes from the point of emergence from the mold to at least the zone of solidification, and a second curve giving the variations of the surface temperature of the cast product during this passage as a function of time.

Abstract: In a method for continuous casting of steel, a slab having good quality is obtained by inspecting the profile of the unsolidified region of the slab in the transverse direction thereof during casting and controlling the cooling pattern so that the profile matches a pre-determined standard profile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bow type continuous casting process using a curved mold, wherein molten steel is continuously cast into the curved mold to obtain a curved strand, e.g. a slab, having a thickness of not less than 200 mm.The improvement of this invention resides in that the curved strand is straightened at a plurality of points at regions of the strand where the thickness of the solidified shell is not more than 60 mm. The obtained strand can be directly supplied to rolling without the necessity of removing the defects from the strand or without reheating the strand.

Abstract: In the equipment for continuous casting of steel, an improved method for cooling a continuous cast slab or the like by which a hot slab can be transferred directly to a rolling step. In accordance with the improved method, the continuous cast slab is subjected to indirect cooling by means of cooling a series of guide rolls with a gas-liquid mist, or if the equipment length is limited, the slab is subjected to direct cooling by means of a gas-liquid mist cooling step, and then to the indirect cooling step in a subsequent process.

Abstract: A continuously controlled process for cooling a material to within a desired temperature range as the material moves along a path, especially suitable for situations in which the amount of material being cooled is unknown. The material is first contacted with a known amount of cooling liquid, e.g., water. The temperature of the water (or steam) is measured after contact with the material, and this information is then used to determine the amount of additional cooling required. An embodiment utilizing the process to cool calcined coke in a rotary cooler is described.

Abstract: An electromagnetic casting system for casting materials comprising the apparatus and process for electromagnetically containing and forming molten material during a casting run into a desired shape. During the casting run, a liquid-solid interface defines molten material head and solid material portions of the casting. The electromagnetic containing and forming device includes an inductor applying a magnetic field to the molten material. The magnetic field defines a containment zone for the molten material. An alternating current is applied to the inductor to generate the magnetic field. The improvement comprises controlling the location of the liquid-solid interface in the containment zone. The location of the liquid-solid interface along the periphery of the casting is monitored.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electromagnetic continuous or semicontinuous casting of metals and alloys. A variable coolant application system is used to control the rate of heat extraction from the casting to properly position the solidification front at the surface of the casting without otherwise influencing the containment process through modification of the magnetic field.

Abstract: An improvement in continuous metal casting machines of the type having a pair of flexible, moving casting belts which revolve along endless paths for defining a casting region therebetween and moving side dams which revolve along with the casting belts for confining the cast strip, slab or bar laterally. The casting belts are individually supported by upper and lower carriage means. The machine is provided with sensors such as load cells for sensing the displacement forces existing between the upper and lower carriages at selected points along the path of belt travel, and for sensing the side pressures exerted upon the side dams by the cooling, solidifying metal. This sensing permits the maintenance of predetermined, desired contact pressures along the length of the solidifying metal to thereby improve the physical characteristics of the cast product.

Abstract: A method for controlling a casting and rolling mill by measuring the speed of a cast strip between the casting machine and the first following rolling mill and regulating the speed of the casting machine directly proportional to the measured speed of the cast strip. It is thus possible to avoid auxiliary equipment required in prior art systems such as pinch rolls and a continuous furnace between the casting machine and the first following rolling mill. Furthermore no loop on the cast strip is required. As a result, great reductions in capital expenditures, the energy required to operate the line and the necessary space can be obtained.