Abstract: A stream of overheated metal melt is applied from a container through a pouring nozzle as a closed jet, or in such a way as to be split up into drops by a gaseous medium, at a pouring point, to the inner surface of a strip coil or composite body also rotating in a mold body. Thus, an initially liquid metal film is produced to which a liquid coolant, preferably a low-temperature liquefied gas such as argon or nitrogen, is applied from a cooling nozzle at a cooling point which is offset in the direction of rotation relative to the pouring point. The coolant dissipates a substantial portion of the excess and melt heat of the metal film, mostly due to vaporization of the liquid coolant. Depending on the residual heat which it still has after the cooling operation, the metal film either remains isolated from the innermost metal layer applied beforehand, so that a strip coil develops, or melts with the metal layer so that a rotationally symmetrical composite body forms.

Abstract: A cooling mold having first and second water cooling jackets which are provided inside the mold, a primary cooling water jetting mouth which is located at a distance of 15 to 40 mm from a meniscus of the molten metal, and a secondary cooling water jetting mouth which is located at a position with an interval of 20 to 45 mm between a contact point of a primary jet of cooling water and another contact point of a secondary jet of cooling water on an ingot.

Abstract: A continuously cast steel strip which consists of a solidified casting shell and a liquid core is reduced in thickness in a roll deformation and is then rolled. In order to avoid undesired fluctuations in thickness, to improve the structure and to simplify the roll deformation unit, a steel strip billet of 40-80 mm thickness is cast, roll deformed to 15-40 mm thickness having a 2-15 mm residual liquid core in a maximum of three steps. The roll deformed billet is then guided to complete solidification.

Abstract: Magnesium hydroxide is added to aqueous sprays used in the cooling of steel produced by continuous casting to reduce the corrosion of ferrous metals in contact with these sprays. The magnesium hydroxide when added to aqueous sprays used in the cooling of steel produced by continuous casting further reduces the potential for calcium fluoride scale formation by reducing the fluoride content of the system water.

Abstract: A method of casting metal wherein molten metal is deposited on a moving planar substrate to form a strip thereon. The strip is removed from the moving substrate onto an open mesh support prior to the strip becoming completely solidified throughout its thickness. Ideally, the strip is removed as soon as it forms a solidified shell on its bottom which is thick enough not to fracture under the weight of the remaining molten metal. This arrangement overcomes the problem of cooling the bottom surface of the cast metal due to an air gap forming between a solid supporting substrate and the cast metal.

Abstract: A method for preparing glass-coated microwires is provided. A metal in a glass tube is superheated in a high frequency induction field, whereby the glass tube softens. A thin capillary tube is drawn from the softened glass and the glass tube fills with molten metal. The metal-filled capillary enters a cooling zone in the superheated state and the rate of cooling is controlled such that a microcrystalline or amorphous metal microstructure is obtained. The cooling zone includes a stream of cooling liquid through which the capillary passes. The microstructure of the microwire is controlled by choice of amorphisizers, cooling rate, nature of the cooling liquid, location of the cooling stream, dwell time in the cooling stream and degree of superheating and supercooling of the metal.

Abstract: The method comprises effecting the solidification of the metal in a continuous casting ingot mould constituted by two cooled rolls (2) rotating in opposite directions and disposed in confronting relation so as to define a casting space therebetween, continuously extracting from the ingot mould a solidified steel strip (3), and, below the ingot mould, subjecting the strip to a quenching medium (6) so as to cool it sufficiently rapidly to prevent formation of austenite. This medium may be formed by a quenching bath placed in a container (4) disposed under the rolls (2) and having a bottom provided with an opening (5) for the passage of the solidified strip (3). The quenching medium may also be formed by an inert gas in the liquid state blown onto the product by nozzles. The steel strips obtained are easier to shear and coiled at the output end of the casting line owing to the absence of martensite in the ferritic matrix.

Abstract: Process for secondary cooling of a metal product continuously cast on a machine in which secondary cooling is divided into n staggered independent zones, within which the flow of cooling fluid varies according to the speed of the product. An undesired change in the surface temperature of the product at a point HD of the metallurgical length of the machine, such as the straightening point, due to a foreseen or foreseeable variation starting at the time t.sub.vo, in the casting speed, is compensated for by anticipation. A determination is made, by means of the casting speed, of the time t.sub.o at which commences, at the upper part of the ingot mold, the portion of product which, at the time tvo, will reach the point HD; a further determination is made of the times t.sub.1, . . . , t.sub.1, . . . , t.sub.n at which the portion commencing at t.sub.o will emerge from the zones 1, . . . . i. . . . ,n of the secondary cooling; and, from the time t.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for horizontal continuous casting of a metal strip cast product having a unidirectionally solidified structure elongated in the direction of casting, comprising the steps of supplying a molten casting metal into a hot mold having a shape substantially like a gutter opened at its upper side and being heated to a temperature not lower than the solidification temperature of the casting metal, and drawing out a metal molding formed in the hot mold by using a dummy member while cooling the drawn-out metal molding, wherein the cooling is performed on the metal molding within the hot mold at a position in front a solidification starting end portion of the metal molding but in the rear of an outlet of the hot mold with respect to the direction of movement of the metal molding, so that the metal molding is drawn out, after cooled, from the hot mold.

Abstract: Energetic cooling of the product is performed during continuous casting when, at the core, the product is in a phase of pasty solidification so that the differential thermal contraction between the mushy core and the already completely solidified outer shell produces a squeezing effect of the core by the shell. To this end, means for cooling the product are arranged on the casting machine at the end section of the metallurgical length. The process makes it possible to reduce, and even to avoid, the formation of inner cracks during cooling of the cast product which would lead to the presence of segregated areas in the axial zone. It is applied advantageously to the casting of steels reputed to be difficult to cast continuously, such as steels with a long solidification range whose carbon content is from 0.25 to 1.5%.

Abstract: A process in which a cast strip of Cr-Ni type stainless steel having a thickness close to a product thickness is prepared by the synchronous continuous casting. By subjecting the cast strip just below the casting machine to rapid cooling in the high-temperature region, hot-working or cold-working the cast strip and subjecting the cast strip to annealing or the like, .gamma. grains in the cast strip are made finer, and by carrying out cooling in the low-temperature region of temperatures lower than 900.degree. C., precipitation of Cr carbide in the grain boundary is prevented. Thus, occurrence of roping or uneven gloss on the surface of the stainless steel sheet is controlled.

Abstract: A continuous or semi-continuous casting apparatus of the direct chill type for casting metallic materials, particularily recctangular ingots of aluminium, includes a mold which has an open inlet for the filling of molten metal into a mold cavity having an open outlet with a water supply for cooling of the metal. The mold cavity is, at a position spaced from its inlet, provided with a permeable ring for the supply of oil and/or gas, such that a layer of oil and/or gas is formed between the metal and mold wall, whereby the metal is prevented from coming into contact with the mold wall before it solidifies. The surfaces of the ring, with the exception of the side facing the mold cavity, are provided with a sealing agent which prevents the oil and/or gas from escaping through such surfaces.

Abstract: A steel strand having a thickness of 40 to 50 mm in cast in an oscillating mold for continuous casting at a speed of 2 to 20 m/min. The not yet completely solidified steel strand emerging from the mold is squeezed to such an extent that the inner walls of the already solidified strand shell are welded to one another. After the steel strand reduced in thickness in this way has been cooled to 1000.degree. to 1200.degree. C., the strip is rolled out in at least one pass with a 5 to 85% degree of deformation.

Abstract: The mold is equipped with a casting ring 6 which is formed by clamping together four generally rectilinear wall segments 8 that are, first, arranged like the sides of a picture frame about the rabbet 52 of a rectangular case 10, and then abutted together, sash-like, at their mitered ends 80, to form a ring, the casting surface 9 of which will produce the rectangular cross-sectional outline common to sheet ingot or the like, when molten metal is fed through the ring. The clamping action is produced by a set of screws 94 at the corners 10' of the case, and after the ring 6 is clamped about a pair of spaced, axially opposing lips 54 and 60 on the case and an annular plate 14 thereabove, the plate 14 is clamped to the top of the case, to secure the ring in place and seal the axial ends of the ring against fluid flow thereacross.

Abstract: The process is such that a gas/fluid mixture is sprayed in the form of a mist onto the surface of the object to be cooled. To that end a stream of fluid is passed through the nozzle outlet and atomized to a mist of droplet size <100 .mu.m, and after emerging from the nozzle is impacted by gas streams at an angle (x) of 0.degree.-90.degree. to the nozzle axis (x) to accelerate and deflect the droplets. The intensities of the gas stream can be regulated independently of one another. The process is suitable for cooling conventionally or electromagnetically cast ingots, rolled products and extruded products of metal, in particular aluminum. A suitable device for carrying out the process is comprised essentially of a part (1) featuring a nozzle (3) that supplies and aligns a fluid, and bores (5a, b) that supply gas, part 1 fitting into a counter part (2) such that gas alignment channels (7a, b) are formed.

Abstract: In continuously casting molten metal into cast product by a twin-belt machine, it is desirable to achieve dramatic increases in speed (linear feet per minute) at which cast product exits the machine, particularly in installations where steel cast product is intended to feed a downstream regular rolling mill (as distinct from a planetary mill) operating in tandem with the twin-belt caster. Such high-speed casting produces product with a relatively thin shell and molten interior, and the shell tends to bulge outwardly due to metallostatic head pressure of the molten center. A number of cooperative features enable high-speed, twin-belt casting: (1) Each casting belt is slidably supported adjacent to the caster exit pulley for bulge control and enhanced cooling of cast product. (2) Lateral skew steering of each belt provides an effective increase in moving mold length plus a continuity of heat transfer not obtained with prior art belt steering apparatus.

Abstract: A flow of coolant is injected or blown into spaces bounded by a cast strip the point of minimal separation between the rolls, and the rolls themselves. The coolant is injected or blown by means of nozzles disposed on both sides of the strip. In the case of an asymmetric emergence of the strip due to increased adhesion to one of the rolls, the resulting asymmetric conditions cause the strip to continually be redirected into a symmetric position. This stabilizing effect renders it possible to achieve a much greater length of contact between the cast metal and the rolls and consequently to realize the essential increase of the production rate of the casting line.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and apparatus for thermally treating cast-iron pipes formed in a continuous casting die. The pipe or tube undergoes tempering by passing through a vat which is located downstream from the continuous casting die. The vat contains a continuously cooled bath of fluidized sand or the like which lowers the temperature of the tube in a uniform manner and makes it possible to obtain a very precise and homogeneous tube structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for casting in a pit, without risk of explosion, of aluminum and its alloys, particularly with lithium.It comprises placing an elastic shield (3) around the cast product in order to stop the cooling water and any liquid metal outpouring, the water and metal being collected by flowing over the shield, into inclined channels (5 to 14), where the water forms a film and the metal is stopped in portionwise manner by strips (19) located at appropriate distances within the channels.

Abstract: A continuous casting apparatus has a secondary cooling zone for spray cooling a travelling, continuously cast strand. Groups of spray nozzles are spaced longitudinally of the path of the strand on either side of such path. Each of the spray nozzles produces a flat, fan-shaped spray which diverges transversely of the path of the strand with increasing distance from the respective nozzle. The nozzles of a group are spaced from one another transversely of the path of the strand by a distance such that the sprays from two neighboring nozzles intermix to form a combined spray which, at the surface of the strand, has a length equal to the distance between the two nozzles. The portion of the strand extending between the outermost nozzles of each group is thus everywhere impinged by a combined spray. The marginal portions of the strand, on the other hand, are impinged only by the sprays from the respective outermost nozzles. The angles of divergence of the sprays are preferably in the range of 60 to 130 degrees.

Abstract: Molten metal is continuously teemed from a ladle into a tundish. The latter feeds a continuous stream of the molten metal to a cooled mold having opposite open ends connected by a casting passage. The molten metal enters the mold at one end and partially solidifies in the casting passage to form a continuously cast strand which is withdrawn from the mold at its other end. The strand initially consists of a thin shell of solidified metal, and a molten core which is confined by the shell. Upon leaving the mold, the strand is conveyed through a bath of molten metal. The metal of the bath has a lower melting point than, and a specific gravity comparable to that of, the metal being cast. The bath functions to cool the strand uniformly so that the quality of the strand is maintained. The bath further counteracts the tendency of the molten core to cause bulging of the solidified shell which also serves to enhance the quality of the strand.

Abstract: In a secondary cooling zone below a continuous casting mold there is provided one or more chambers having an anterior wall with apertures facing the continuously cast metal product at a given distance from the surface of the product. Pressurized cooling liquid is supplied to the apertures to form a continuous layer of pressurized cooling liquid flowing in the direction of travel of the product.

Abstract: The .alpha.-stabilizing element, e.g. P, and the .gamma.-stabilizing element, e.g. Mn, do not segregate at an identical site of a casting. Castings are cooled at a rate of 40.degree. C./min or less in a temperature range of the peritectic reaction and/or the Ar.sub.4 transformation, thereby condensing P and Mn into .delta. and .gamma. phases, respectively.

Abstract: A continuous casting apparatus includes a continuous casting mold, a guide downstream of the mold for guiding a continuously cast strand issuing from the mold, and a drive unit for drawing the strand out of the mold and through the guide. The drive unit is connected with a computer programmed to reciprocate the strand in the guide and the mold in the event of an interruption in the supply of molten material to the mold.

Abstract: A varying length vibrating mold assembly for a continuous caster comprises a cooling jacket with an upper stationary portion and a lower removable portion. A tubular mold and an inner wall of the cooling jacket can be made to correspond to the varying length for the cooling jacket.

Abstract: A method is provided for removal of surface oxide from a continuously cast copper bar preparatory to inline hot rolling, wherein solidified bar continuously advancing from a continuous caster is directed to a continuous hot rolling mill, comprising: passing said advancing bar, being at hot rolling temperature, through a spray zone of selected quench capacity and impulse, such that for each segment of said bar passing through said spray zone, said oxide is quenched to a black heat but is not ablated and said underlying bar is subjected to a shallow quench; said spray zone being situated in close proximity to but selectively spaced upcourse from the first rolls of said hot rolling mill such that there is insufficient time for substantial reheating of said quenched oxide during the approach to said first rolls; whereupon as quenched segments of the advancing bar progressively approach said first rolls and said underlying bar begins to deform just prior to roll contact, said oxide spalls off the bar surfaces subs

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for casting a sacrificial anode having a tubular steel insert bonded over its length to a dissimilar metal by casting and solidifying molten dissimilar metal on the steel insert in a vertical ingot mold having a movable base. A cooling fluid is passed through a pipe means located internal to the insert, to the level of solidification of the molten dissimilar metal, and the cooling fluid is then applied to the internal surface of the insert at the level of solidification. The level of solidification is raised by the cooling fluid relative to the level without cooling by a height equal to between about 1/4 and 3/4 of the maximum height of molten metal in the mold. The bond strength between the steel insert and the dissimilar metal is improved by this method.

Abstract: Close control of the direct cooling rate is achieved by bubbling a substantially insoluble gas into the curtain-forming coolant as it is about to discharge onto the emerging ingot. The resulting bubble-entrained curtain of coolant experiences an increased velocity, and the increase is not accompanied by a reduction in the thermal conductivity of the coolant. Instead, the bubble-entrained coolant appears to have a scrubbing effect on the metal, which breaks up any film and reduces the tendency for film boiling to occur at the surface of the metal, thus allowing the process to operate at the more desirable level of nucleate boiling, if desired. This in turn makes it possible to regulate the cooling rate by selective use of the bubbling effect, including turning the effect on and off to allow film boiling to occur when desired, such as in the butt forming stage of the casting operation.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of continuously casting metal rods wherein the metal is forced to pass through an elongate tube while in a molten state, a cooling medium is circulated about the tube and the metal as it emerges from the tube in order to form a continuous cast rod, and the rod is passed through a bath of another metal whose temperature is sufficiently lower than the melting point of the rod to cool the rod below its critical temperature.

Abstract: Workpieces which are formed by the build-up of weld metal are treated and cooled by directing a fluid such as water in a large stream so that rapid and intensive cooling of the surfaces of the workpiece is achieved by creating a laminar water flow. A water quantity is directed to reach the workpiece surface in a laminar flow and it is permitted to flow over the workpiece as the water is sucked off before it reaches its boiling point at the rate of flow to the workpiece and away from the workpiece being sufficient to prevent the formation of steam. The water which is employed is advantageously recooled to its initial temperature by the withdrawing effect created by an air fan.

Abstract: Method of cooling strands in the continuous casting of steel with a carbon content of 0.05 to 1.1 weight-percent, in which, for the production of billets having reduced segregations, cooling is performed very intensively in a first stage (3) and less intensively in a second stage (4) (FIG. 4).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a continuous casting process for the production of semi-finished articles or blanks of hard steels such as bars, wires or tubes having a carbon content higher than 0.75%. In this process, the blank obtained by continuous casting is submitted to a secondary cooling under the mold, cut and within three minutes after cutting, introduced into a reheating furnace in which its temperature is brought to a level slightly lower than the solidus temperature, maintained for a short period, and finally elongated in the hot condition. In a preferred embodiment, the liquid steel is stirred during the continuous casting operation by means of magnetic fields induced in the steel by electromagnetic coils disposed around the blank thereby facilitating dissolution of carbides contained within the liquid steel.

Abstract: In regulating the flow of cooling water sprayed upon a metallurgical product such as a steel slab in a machine for the continuous casting of such products which then undergo a straightening operation, the present, past and future speeds of the product are taken into account so as to compensate a projected change in the temperature of the product in the straightening stage, due to a planned or expected modification of the cooling conditions. These conditions are established by a regulating system responsive to changes in the speed of the product; the anticipated temperature change is compensated by substituting for the true speed, as a controlling parameter, a fictitious speed lying between the true speed and an advance image of an anticipated speed change whose effects upon the temperature are to be neutralized.

Abstract: An exhaust hole is formed in an exhaust side wall of a mist atomizing nozzle of an apparatus for spraying the mist for cooling for and is used in continuous metal casting. An introduction inlet is provided in an introducing side wall on the side opposite the exhaust side wall at the height position different from that of the exhaust hole. An air-water mixture supply pipe is attached to the introduction inlet to communicate therewith. The air-water mixture of relatively large water droplets is formed and is introduced into the mist atomizing nozzle by that air-water mixture supply pipe. After the air-water mixture repeatedly collides in the mist atomizing nozzle, the large water droplets are made fine and are sequentially exhausted from the exhaust hole by being pressed by the supply pressure from the rear side.

Abstract: A process for removing an adhered substance from steel ingots, which comprises heating or cooling a steel ingot after the casting under such conditions that the heating or cooling rate at the surface layer portion of the steel ingot is not less than 2.degree. C./sec and the temperature difference between the starting and end points is not less than 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for electromagnetic casting of metal and alloy ingots of rectangular or other desired shape having corners or portions of small radius of curvature. A coolant application system is provided which lessens the severity of the rounding off or radius of the corners of the electromagnetically cast ingots by contouring the coolant application rate and/or elevation so that the rate and/or elevation is a minimum at the corners of the ingot.

Abstract: A method for preventing segregations in continuous casting by deforming the continuous strand plactically during the solidification in such a way that the cross-sectional area of the strand is physically reduced on a mount corresponding substantially to the solidification and cooling shrinkage of the material along the solidifying strand length. The method avoids upward or downward transport of melt in the solidifying strand. The reduction in most cases will be 2-6% and can be accomplished with apparatus having a number of pairs of strand reducing rolls or jets along the strand, to reduce it a number of times, each time less than the total desired reduction. The degree of reduction of the strand from casting to the final strand corresponds to the solidification and cooling shrinkage.

Abstract: Molten metal is supplied into a mold having an inlet and an outlet opening in such a manner that the molten metal may have a substantially zero pressure at the outlet opening of the mold, while the inner wall of the mold is maintained at a temperature sufficiently higher than the solidifying temperature of the molten metal so that the contiguous surface of the metal remains liquid until it has left the molten outlet. A dummy bar having a temperature lower than the solidifying temperature of the molten metal is brought into contact with the molten metal at the outlet opening of the mold, and moved away from the outlet opening, whereby a solidified body of the metal is formed continuously on the end of the dummy bar.

Abstract: A continuously cast strand is guided through a cooling chamber and brought into direct contact with a coolant evaporating partially. The coolant vapor is brought into heat exchange with a closed surface condenser arranged within the cooling chamber, and a flow-through medium of the surface condenser is brought into further heat exchange with a heat transformer arranged outside the cooling chamber and connected with the condenser.

Abstract: The cooling of a continuously cast ingot of metal as it emerges from the mold is carried out by applying coolant directly to the ingot surface. In order to reduce the amount of curvature at the foot of the ingot due to too rapid cooling, a substance which releases a gas as a product of decomposition on striking the hot ingot surface is added to the coolant at least during the initial phase of casting. This gas forms an insulating film on the ingot surface thus reducing the rate of heat extraction. Particularly suitable for this purpose are substances which produce carbon dioxide or nitrogen as decomposition product.

Abstract: A method for preventing segregations in continuous casting by deforming the continuous strand plastically during the solidification in such a way that the cross sectional area of the strand is physically reduced corresponding substantially to the solidification shrinkage of the metal. The method avoids upward or downward transport of melt in the solidifying strand. The reduction in most cases will be 2-6% and can be accomplished with apparatus having a number of pair of strand reducing rolls or jets along the strand, to reduce it a number of times, each time less than the total desired reduction. The reduction of the strand from casting to the final strand follows the solidification shrinkage.

Abstract: A coating of metal is applied to a metal wire having substantially the same melting point as the metal coating. The wire is passed through a bath of molten metal contained in a container and out through an outlet hole in the container bottom. The diameter-like dimension of the hole is 1.5 to 2 times the like dimension of the wire so that molten metal flows down through the outlet hole along the wire. The wire and molten metal then are cooled to solidify the coating on the wire.

Abstract: So-called spraying beams, being supports for spraying tubes or nozzles, are arranged in a continuous casting plant for cooling the strand along the surface thereof relative to the strand surface so that the width of the fan-shaped cooling water jets can be adapted to changing strand widths and thicknesses. The adjusting device for the spraying beams comprises two or more pivotable radius levers to which the spraying beams are connected, at least in zones, and which said levers can be locked in different pivoting positions so that the spraying beams or zones of spraying beams can be adjusted parallel with themselves and can be locked at different distances. The radius levers can also be pivotable along inclined planes so that the change of distance of the spraying beam is accompanied by a transverse displacement relative to the longitudinal axis of the strand.

Abstract: A continuously cast strand or ingot of metal is cooled as it emerges from the mold by applying a coolant directly to the surface of the strand. In order to prevent distortion at the foot of the ingot due to too abrupt cooling, polymers of molecular weight 10.sup.4 -10.sup.8 are added to the coolant at least during the initial phase of casting. By the addition of polymers to the coolant the kinetics of formation and discharge of vapor bubbles as the coolant strikes the ingot surface are significantly altered due to the reduction in the surface tension of the coolant; as a result of this an insulating film of coolant vapor forms on the surface of the ingot thus reducing the heat flow from the ingot.

Abstract: A process for casting a material comprising a coolant application device comprising a fluidized bed cooling system. A control system for the fluidized bed cooling system determines the most upstream position at which the fluidized bed contacts the material being cast. The control system is adapted to adjust the pressure differential between the gas used to fluidized the bed of particles and an opposing gas flow. The casting system may be a continuous or semi-continuous one and preferably employs an electromagnetic mold.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is provided for electromagnetically forming a material into a desired thin strip shape. The apparatus and process includes a first portion containing a sump of said material in molten form. A second portion is located downstream of and communicates with the first portion. The second portion defines a containment zone of 5 mm or less for electromagnetically shaping the molten material into the thin strip shape whereby efficiency is improved through reduction of power consumption.

Abstract: Continuous metal casting apparatus has an electromagnetic stirrer for molten metal remaining in the cast strand leaving the mold, the stirrer being housed in a water-cooled hollow walled shell having a front wall facing the strand and provided with spray nozzles in an array patterned depending on whether the strand is straight or curved. This wall has been an integral part of the shell, the shell's water supplying the nozzles. To permit the same stirrer and shell to be used for both straight and curved strands, a face plate is made as a separate part removably fastened to the front wall, permitting other plates to be provided for interchange, the plates respectively having arrays of nozzles differently contoured to accommodate straight or curved strands.