Abstract: The invention provides a method (10) for ammonia production, the method (10) comprising: —reacting dihydrogen and dinitrogen (115) to form ammonia in a reactor (120); providing a reactor gas mixture (125) from the reactor (120) to a recycle loop (130), wherein the recycle loop (130) comprises or is functionally coupled to a separator (140); and providing at least part of the reactor gas mixture (125) from the recycle loop (130) to the reactor (120); and —switching between a first operation mode (20) and a second operation mode (30), wherein: in the first operation mode (20) dihydrogen and dinitrogen (115) are provided to the reactor (120), and the separator (140) provides a first fraction F1 of the ammonia from the reactor gas mixture (125) to a product outlet (150); and in the second operation mode (30) the separator (140) provides a second fraction F2 of the ammonia from the reactor gas mixture (125) to the product outlet (140); wherein the first fraction F1 is larger than the second fraction F2, and wherei

Abstract: A heat exchanger incorporates a metal hydride heat exchanger and mitigates the fluid mixing process, and thus greatly improves the heat transfer efficiency and heat recovery processes. The metal hydride heat exchanger has a container for the metal hydride that has a large aspect ratio. A plurality of high aspect container for the metal hydride may be coupled with a manifold.

Abstract: A propulsion system is provided and includes a solid hydride storage unit from which gaseous hydrogen fuel is drawn, an engine comprising a combustion chamber and a piping system to draw the gaseous hydrogen fuel from the solid hydride storage unit, the piping system being interposed between the solid hydride storage unit and the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is receptive of the gaseous hydrogen fuel drawn from the solid hydride storage unit by the piping system and is configured to combust the gaseous hydrogen fuel to drive an operation of the engine.

Abstract: A thermal control system with new phase change material (PCM) formulations that are able to maintain the system interior in a temperature range of, for example, ?15 to ?40° C., for a tunable working period from several hours to approximately half a day, is provided. The composition includes the inorganic and organic materials. The inorganic materials include the inorganic salts and various functional additives; while the organic materials include fatty acids, hydrocarbons and various nanostructures.

Abstract: Envisaged is a regeneration system for a metal hydride heat pump of a damper type. The system comprises a plurality of reactor assembly modules configured to act as a heat pump, an ambient air inlet and a fluid recirculation circuit. The plurality of reactor assembly modules includes first, second, third and fourth metal hydride reactor assembly modules. The fluid recirculation circuit comprises a mixer, a fluid stream switching means, a flow regulating means and an exhaust outlet. The mixer is adapted to mix a portion of a recirculation stream received from the exhaust outlet and the exhaust gas stream to provide a resultant stream. The fluid stream switching means is coupled to the mixer and is adapted to switch flow of the resultant stream as received from the mixer and the ambient air stream in a cyclic manner in a series of half-cycles of operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrogen compressor with metal hydride comprising: a pressure chamber, comprising an inner space, defined by a first inner surface; a shell with a thickness E, the shell comprising a first outer surface facing the first inner surface, the shell comprising an insulating material with first thermal conductivity; and a hydrogen storage element, contained in the shell, comprising a storage material suitable for storing or releasing hydrogen as a function of a temperature that is imposed on same, and having a second thermal conductivity higher than the first thermal conductivity.

Abstract: Provided is a heat storage and dissipation apparatus capable of direct heat exchange with a heat storage body. A heat storage and dissipation apparatus (100) comprises: a heat storage body (10) that reacts with a component contained in a primary gas (G1); and a heat storage body housing portion (20) that houses the heat storage body (10), wherein the heat storage body housing portion (20) has: a housing space (S1) that houses the heat storage body (10); a first flow opening (20a) that communicates with the housing space (S1) and is capable of flowing the primary gas (S1); and a second flow opening (20b) that communicates with the housing space (S1) and is capable of flowing the primary gas (S1).

Abstract: A solid-gas reaction substance-filled reactor includes a core part in which heat medium heat-transfer tubes and spacers are alternately stacked, a gas introduction/discharge part that communicates with opening ends of the spacers, and a heat medium introduction/discharge part that communicates with heat medium flow paths. Filled bodies including metallic foil bags and a solid-gas reaction substance filled in the bags are inserted into the spacers. At least the filled bodies and the heat medium heat-transfer tubes are brazed to each other. The solid-gas reaction substance-filled reactor is obtained by stacking the filled bodies with the solid-gas reaction substance filled into the metallic bags, the heat medium heat-transfer tubes, and the spacers in a predetermined order and then brazing them.

Abstract: A cold storage material composition includes 1 mol % to 10 mol % of a metal salt; and 0.5 mol % to 5 mol % of an inorganic salt, wherein a eutectic point of the metal salt and water is ?75° C. to ?40° C., wherein a eutectic point of the inorganic salt and water is ?30° C. or higher, and wherein the cold storage material composition is an aqueous solution and has a melting start point within a range from ?75° C. to ?40° C.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for the temperature control of a battery may include a first cover and a second cover between which a supporting frame may be arranged in a sandwiched manner. The supporting frame may surround a passage opening in which at least one thermoelectric element may be arranged. At least one fluid channel for the flow of a fluid therethrough may be formed in the first cover. The heat exchanger may also include a plurality of clip-like fastening elements mounted on an outer circumferential edge, which may be formed by the first and second covers and the supporting frame, along a circumferential direction. The fastening elements may press the first and second covers against one another and against the supporting frame.

Abstract: There is disclosed an energy storage system. In particular, there is disclosed a chemisorption based energy storage system, able to provide electricity, heating or cooling depending on the desired energy output. The energy storage system includes a first chemical reactor containing a first sorbent material and a second chemical reactor containing a second sorbent material. The first and second chemical reactors are in mutual fluid connection such that a refrigerant fluid can flow from the first chemical reactor to the second chemical reactor, and from the second chemical reactor to the first chemical reactor. The first and second chemical reactors are further provided with means for putting heat in to, or taking heat out of, the first and/or the second chemical reactors. A heat exchanger module is also provided.

Abstract: A self-cleaning metal hydride heat recovery system comprising a thermally insulated housing partitioned into at least two thermally insulated chambers, each chamber enclosing a metal hydride reactor assembly containing a regenerating, high-temperature metal hydride alloy, an ambient air inlet adapted to receive an ambient air stream into the housing to be fed to at least one of the two thermally insulated chambers, a fluid recirculation circuit configured to recirculate an exhaust stream as received from an exhaust source, the fluid recirculation circuit comprises a mixer adapted to mix a portion of a recirculation stream and the exhaust stream to provide a resultant stream, fluid stream switching means coupled to the mixer and adapted to switch flow of the resultant stream and the ambient air stream in a cyclic manner, flow regulating means provided downstream of the metal hydride reactor assemblies, and an exhaust outlet.

Abstract: A sheet-shaped heat pipe includes a sheet-shaped container, a wick sealed in the container, and a working fluid sealed in the container, the sheet-shaped container including a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet, the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet being superposed in direct contact with each other at a peripheral edge portion, and the sheet-shaped container having a thickness of about 0.5 mm or less, and a thin heat dissipating plate that includes the sheet-shaped heat pipe.

Abstract: A battery assembly according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, an enclosure assembly defining an interior and a variable volume device integrated into a wall of the enclosure assembly and configured to modify a volume of the interior.

Abstract: The present invention regards a thermally driven, environmental control unit including, in a closed fluid-flow, non-pressurized circuit, a mixing heat exchanger, a heat recovery unit, a fractionator/evaporator, and one or more condensers. The system is designed to include at least one solute and a solvent, selected so that the mixture of each solute and the solvent produce an enthalpy change of between about 5 to 30 kJ/mol for cooling and ?10 to ?200 kJ/mol for heating. A plurality of pumps are integrated into the system to move the solute and the solvent, and a mixture thereof, among the various components of the present invention. The unit further includes a liquid loop coupled with the mixing heat exchanger and an air handler to provide warm or cool supply air.

Abstract: The “heat storage material storage container” comprises “a main body having a longitudinal direction and including a plurality of flow channels therein, the flow channels extending parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction and separated from each other by porous walls” and “a heat storage material contained in only one or some of the plurality of flow channels.” The plurality of flow channels include “a plurality of first flow channels each having an open end on a first side in the longitudinal direction and a closed end on a second side in the longitudinal direction” and “a plurality of second flow channels each having open ends on both the first side and the second side in the longitudinal direction.” The heat storage material is contained in only the first flow channels.

Abstract: A fuel cell system including: a fuel cell that generates electricity; a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between an exhaust gas from the fuel cell and water; a heat dissipator that dissipates heat from the water; a circulation path along which the water circulates between the heat exchanger and heat dissipator; a circulation pump that circulates the water; a first detector that detects the temperature of the water flowing into the heat exchanger; a second detector that detects the temperature of the water flowing out from the heat exchanger; and a controller configured to adjust the circulation pump such that the temperature detected by the second detector becomes a first temperature, and, when the temperature detected by the first detector is equal to or greater than a threshold, adjust the circulation pump such that the temperature detected by the second detector becomes a second temperature higher than the first temperature.

Abstract: The present application relates to a heat recovery apparatus and method. According to the heat recovery apparatus and method, low-level heat sources at a temperature less than 100° C. discharged from industrial settings or various chemical processes, for example, a petrochemicals manufacturing process are not wasted but used to generate steam and the generated steam is used for various processes to reduce an amount of consumed high-temperature steam that is an external heat source to be used for a reactor or distillation column, thereby not only maximizing energy reduction efficiency but also autonomously producing power consumed by a compressor. Also, an evaporation phenomenon of a part of a refrigerant flow which passes through the compressor may be reduced, thereby recovering heat with excellent efficiency.

Abstract: A robotic surgery system includes a robot assembly comprising at least one robot and an instrument assembly comprising at least one instrument that is guided by the robot assembly. The instrument assembly includes at least one instrument housing having at least one drive unit housing part containing a cavity designed to hold the drive unit. The drive unit housing part includes a seal for the sterile sealing of an insertion opening of the cavity in addition to a dynamic sterile barrier which delimits the cavity in a sterile manner and across which the drive train arrangement can be actuated. The drive unit is offset laterally in relation to a longitudinal axis of the instrument shaft towards a connection between the instrument housing and the robot assembly.

Abstract: A Rankine cycle system for a vehicle having a dual fluid circulation circuit includes a high temperature (HT) loop in which a HT working fluid is converted to steam by heat of exhaust gas discharged from an engine. The steam is condensed back into the liquid state of the HT working fluid. A Low Temperature (LT) loop in which a temperature of an LT working fluid converted to steam is increased so that power is generated while the LT working fluid cools the HT working fluid in the HT loop, and the steam is condensed back into the liquid state of the LT working fluid. An engine coolant circulation auxiliary line forming a circulation flow in which engine coolant heats the LT working fluid and is then returned to the engine after the engine coolant circulated in the engine is supplied to the LT loop.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical heat pump with a multi-channel membrane reactor, comprising: a feeding pipe, a liquid phase pump, a first solenoid valve, a multi-channel waste heat recovering membrane reactor, a discharging pipe, a remainder reflowing pipe, a heat regenerator, a second solenoid valve, a high-temperature heat release reactor, and a third solenoid valve.

Abstract: A containment system including a primary containment layer at least partially defining a primary containment volume, the primary containment layer including a thermal material, a secondary containment layer at least partially defining a secondary containment volume, the secondary containment layer including a gas capturing material, wherein the primary containment layer is positioned in the secondary containment volume, and a tertiary containment layer at least partially defining a tertiary containment volume, the tertiary containment layer including a ballistic material, wherein the secondary containment layer is positioned in the tertiary containment volume.

Abstract: A dielectric barrier discharge lamp assembly for a fluid treatment system. The lamp assembly can include an inductive secondary, first and second electrodes coupled to the inductive secondary, and a lamp including a dielectric barrier interposed between the first and second electrodes. The dielectric barrier can define a discharge chamber including a discharge gas, and one of the first and second electrodes can extend within the discharge chamber. The inductive secondary can be adapted to receive power from a nearby inductive primary to promote a dielectric barrier discharge in the discharge chamber. The resulting dielectric barrier discharge can generate ultraviolet light for the treatment of air or water, or for other applications.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle includes: a battery cooling line connected with a battery module, and water flowing through the battery cooling line; a chiller provided at the battery cooling line, connected with a coolant line of an air conditioner through a connection line, and configured to control the cooling water selectively introduced into the chiller by heat-exchanging the cooling water with coolant; a cooling part comprising a radiator and a first water pump connected with each other by a cooling line, configured to circulate the water through the cooling line to cool an electrical device, and connected with the battery cooling line through a first valve; and a bypass line configured to selectively connect the connection line with the coolant line through a second valve provided at the coolant line.

Abstract: A downhole well tool with temperature sensitive components and one or more endo thermic cooling devices associated with the components. The cooling devices comprise at least two reactants isolated by a separator that is actuated to mix the reactants upon the components experiencing a temperature above a set limit.

Abstract: A system and a thermochemical method for the production of cold, that uses a reactive device having a reactor or a chamber for storing a reactive product that can absorb a gas. The reactive product and the gas are such that, when they are exposed to one another, they undergo a reaction resulting in absorption of the gas by the reactive product and, conversely, they undergo a reaction involving the desorption of the gas absorbed by the reactive product as a result of heat applied to the reactive product when it absorbed the gas. The system has two substantially identical reactive devices wherein when the reactor of one reactive device is operating in the absorption cycle, the reactor of the other is operating in the desorption cycle. The system has a mechanism for determining the progress rate of the thermochemical reaction.

Abstract: A chemical heat storage device heats a subject to be heated existing in a pipe. The chemical heat storage device includes a reactor that generates heat by chemically reacting with a reaction medium, an absorber that causes an absorbent to absorb and stores the reaction medium, and a connection tube that is connected to the reactor and absorber, for the reaction medium to migrate through. The reactor includes a solid reaction material disposed along an outer peripheral surface of a place where the subject exists in the pipe and a casing that seals the reaction material so as to form a space along an outer peripheral surface of the reaction material. One end of the connection tube is open to the space.

Abstract: A downhole tool includes a temperature sensitive component. The temperature of the temperature sensitive component is at least partially controlled by a temperature management system thermally coupled to the temperature sensitive component. A metal hydride may be selectively thermally coupled to a cold plate that is thermally coupled to the temperature sensitive component.

Abstract: A downhole tool includes a temperature sensitive component. The temperature of the temperature sensitive component is at least partially controlled by a temperature management system thermally coupled to the temperature sensitive component. The temperature management system may include a cooling mixture chamber thermally coupled to the temperature sensitive component, wherein first and second components of a cooling mixture cause an endothermic reaction when mixed together within the cooling mixture chamber.

Abstract: An air conditioning device for air conditioning an interior and/or a component of an electric vehicle includes multiple fluid circuits having respective working media and configured for heating and cooling the electric vehicle. A first fluid circuit is designed for heating the interior of the electric vehicle via the first heat exchanger. A second fluid circuit is designed for heating the first evaporator. A third fluid circuit is designed for heating or cooling the interior of the electric vehicle. A fourth fluid circuit is designed for heating the interior of the electric vehicle via the first heat exchanger. A fifth fluid circuit is designed for cooling the heat source of the component of the electric vehicle.

Abstract: A power station arrangement is provided having an energy generation unit for generating useful thermal energy on the basis of physical and/or chemical processes, a high-temperature storage unit to be at least partially supplied with heat for regular operation, particularly a metal oxide/air storage unit, and a piping system for thermally coupling the energy generation unit to the high temperature storage unit.

Abstract: A work is subjected to a heat treatment in a heat-treating furnace. First, the work is carried into the heat-treating furnace. The work in the heat-treating furnace is immersed in a heat source solvent. In the heat-treating furnace, a superheated steam atmosphere is formed. The work is exposed in the heat-treating furnace under the superheated steam atmosphere. Then, the work is carried out of the heat-treating furnace.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling charge of a battery includes an auxiliary battery, a vehicle controller configured to determine a control mode of the auxiliary battery according to driving conditions of a vehicle, a DC converter configured to measure a state of the auxiliary battery and use the measured state of the battery to perform battery current control of the auxiliary battery according to the determined control mode, and a high voltage battery configured to supply power to the DC converter for charging or discharging the auxiliary battery.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat pump according to the adsorption principle, comprising a plurality of hollow elements each having an adsorbent, wherein a working medium is enclosed in each of the hollow elements is displaceable between the adsorbent and a phase change area, wherein a heat-transporting fluid in a variable fluid circuit can flow through the hollow elements by means of a valve arrangement. The hollow elements are brought into thermal contact with the fluid in the area of the adsorbent, wherein the flow through the hollow elements changes cyclically with the fluid, wherein at least two of the hollow elements are flown through parallel from the fluid at least in one, in particular each position of the valve arrangement, and at least two of the hollow elements are flown through serially one after the other.

Abstract: A chemical heat accumulator includes first- to Mth-stage heat storage units and a condensing part. Each heat storage unit includes a reaction vessel housing first reactant, a container housing second reactant, and a connection passage connecting the reaction vessel and the container for guiding the second reactant from the container to the reaction vessel. The connection passage is provided with an opening/closing member for opening and closing the connection passage. The reaction vessel of the Mth-stage heat storage unit is thermally connected with an object to be heated. The reaction vessel of a (N?1)th-stage heat storage unit is thermally connected with the container of an Nth-stage heat storage unit. M is an integer equal to or greater than 2, and N is an integer equal to or greater than 2 and equal to or less than M.

Abstract: A storage assembly 10 having at least one sub-assembly 12 which includes a plurality of material storage cells 49 which are operatively disposed along a certain axis 51 and which have generally planar material containment surfaces 16. The cells 49 are cooperatively formed by a member 14, a plurality of conductive fins 26 which reside upon member 14, and by a compliant member 42. A desired number of sub-assemblies 12 may be selectively and stackably coupled to form the storage assembly 10.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a portable cooling unit for use with a storage container includes: a desiccant unit including at least one exterior wall defining an interior desiccant region, wherein the interior desiccant region is sealed from gas transfer between the interior desiccant region and a region external to the cooling unit; an evaporative cooling unit including at least one exterior wall defining an interior evaporative region, wherein the interior evaporative region is sealed from gas transfer between the interior evaporative region and the region external to the cooling unit; a vapor conduit including a first and a second end, the vapor conduit attached to the desiccant unit at the first end, the vapor conduit attached to the evaporative cooling unit at the second end, the vapor conduit forming a passageway between the interior desiccant region and the interior evaporative region; and a vapor control unit attached to the vapor conduit.

Abstract: A method is provided for storing thermal energy or increasing the thermal energy of a heat pump using reversible chemical reactions in which inorganic oxoacid compounds and/or their salts are hydrolysed and condensed or polymerized in order to release and capture heat. The method allows thermal energy to be stored at ambient circumstances in a transportable medium and allows converting a continuous heat generation process into a discontinuous and even dislocated consumption.

Abstract: A chemical heat accumulator includes a receptacle, a first reaction vessel, and a second reaction vessel. The first reaction vessel is hermetically connected to the receptacle and supplied with water from the receptacle. The first reaction vessel contains a chemical compound that causes a hydration reaction with the water from the receptacle to generate water vapor by a heat of reaction, and causes a dehydration reaction by receiving heat. The second reaction vessel is hermetically connected to the first reaction vessel and supplied with the water vapor from the first reaction vessel. The second reaction vessel contains a chemical heat storage material that generates heat by causing a hydration reaction with the water vapor from the first reaction vessel and stores heat through a dehydration reaction caused by receiving heat. The chemical heat storage material is thermally in contact with an object to be heated.

Abstract: An object is to enable a compact and high output heat storage system to perform warm-up rapidly when a vehicle is started up, and after warm-up, to recover surplus heat that is present in a heat source in the vehicle to prepare for the next warm-up event. A heat recovery-type heating device includes: an ammonia buffer configured so as to be capable of fixing and desorbing ammonia that serves as a chemical reaction medium; and a chemical heat storage reactor provided with a chemical heat storage material that generates heat through a chemical reaction with ammonia supplied from the ammonia buffer, and that desorbs ammonia using surplus heat from a heat source and returns the ammonia to the ammonia buffer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing loss of a cooling fluid from a boiler in an aircraft by incorporating an absorber material is provided. In some aspects, an apparatus may include a base section, a top section, a cooling fluid, and an absorber material disposed in the base section. The absorber material may be configured to retain the cooling fluid therein. The apparatus may further include a barrier disposed between the base and top sections. The barrier may be configured to retain the absorber material in the base section while allowing the cooling fluid to pass therethrough.

Abstract: A novel thermal storage device includes a container of metallic phase change material (MPCM). The MPCM has a high latent heat of fusion and a high thermal conductivity in its solid state. A thermal energy receiver is adapted to receive thermal energy from a thermal energy source and transfer the thermal energy directly to the MPCM, without the need for an intermediate thermal transfer fluid. A thermal energy discharge mechanism transfers thermal energy directly from the MPCM to a device that uses the thermal energy. In a solar energy embodiment, the thermal energy receiver is formed from a material (e.g., polished copper) that has a relatively low absorptivity value and a relatively low emissivity coefficient, which unexpectedly results in the attainment of a highly efficient solar receiver.

Abstract: Phase change materials that include oleochemical carbonates absorb and release latent heat upon changing phases from solid to liquid (melting) or from liquid to solid (solidifying). The oleochemical carbonates are prepared from oleochemical alcohols derived from animal fats and vegetable oils or other bio-based substances. These oleochemical carbonates have melting temperatures with a relatively high heat of fusion and are non-corrosive. Oleochemical carbonates can be mixed together in various proportions to adjust melting/solidification temperature ranges as required by a particular application.

Abstract: Provided is a chemical heat storage device including: a heat storage material accommodation unit which accommodates a chemical heat storage material which generates heat and a reaction product by reversible chemical reaction with a reaction medium, a driving unit which drives rotation of the heat storage material accommodation unit, and a heat exchange unit which includes a heat transfer unit which extends in at least one heat storage material accommodation unit, and is thermally communicated with the inside and the outside of the heat storage material accommodation unit, in which the chemical heat storage material is stirred by rotation of the heat storage material accommodation unit, heat exchange is performed between heat exchange fluid which flows through the heat transfer unit and the chemical heat storage material, and a temperature of the heat exchange fluid which flows through the heat transfer unit is changed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an adsorption heat exchanger, which is characterized by the following Steps: producing a heat exchanger structure; forming an adhesive layer (5) on the heat exchanger structure; filling the heat exchanger structure with a sorbent material (6.1); removing from the heat exchanger structure portions of the sorbent material that have bonded only weakly or not at all to the adhesive structure.

Abstract: A system is provided to change a temperature of an environment. A first plurality of containers store metal hydride, while a second plurality of containers store metal alloy capable of absorbing hydrogen atoms at a pressure less than a storage pressure of the metal hydride. Valved conduits link container pairs of metal hydride and metal alloy. When the valves are opened, hydrogen atoms desorbed from the metal hydride are transported through the conduit and are absorbed by the metal alloy. Desorption of the hydrogen cools the metal hydride containing container and heats the metal alloy containing container, which are each in thermal communication with the environment to cool or heat the environment via fluid circulation means. One or more container pairs may be operated to cool/heat the environment, while one or more other container pairs may be regenerated using a renewable power source.

Abstract: A heat transfer tube includes a container, a cavity within the container, and a heat transfer medium located within the cavity. The heat transfer medium consists essentially of a solid-gas suspension of a gas and a substantially homogeneous nanoparticle powder located within the cavity. The cavity is in a partial vacuum state. The nanoparticle powder comprises Ca(OH)2, LiH, ZrH2, or Mg(OH)2 in a solid state and is capable of substantially freely emitted and reabsorbing the gas as a function of temperature.

Abstract: Phase change materials that include oleochemical carbonates absorb and release latent heat upon changing phases from solid to liquid (melting) or from liquid to solid (solidifying). The oleochemical carbonates are prepared from oleochemical alcohols derived from animal fats and vegetable oils or other bio-based substances. These oleochemical carbonates have melting temperatures with a relatively high heat of fusion and are non-corrosive. Oleochemical carbonates can be mixed together in various proportions to adjust melting/solidification temperature ranges as required by a particular application.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include coolant compositions, packages of such compositions, and articles of manufacture derived from coolant compositions. According to one embodiment disclosed a liquid coolant composition is disclosed that comprises: (a) glycerol, (b) an aqueous solution of menthol, (c) calcium hydroxide, (d) barium hydroxide, and (e) water. According to another embodiment, a gel coolant composition is disclosed that comprises: (a) glycerol, (b) an aqueous solution of menthol, (c) calcium hydroxide, (d) barium hydroxide, (e) water, and (f) sodium polyacrylate. Such gel coolant composition can be converted to solid form by adding paraffin.

Abstract: A heat storage device that includes a first heat storage material and a second heat storage material, both of which accumulate heat by heat exchange with a heat afferent medium, and a changeover device that selectively either performs or intercepts heat storage by the second heat storage material. Accordingly, if the absorption of heat by the first heat storage material has decreased, the changeover device changes flow of the second heat storage material so that heat may be extracted from the heat afferent medium by the second heat storage medium. Thus, when the heat afferent medium is a refrigerant, it is possible to supercool the refrigerant thereof. Furthermore, since heat is extracted from the heat afferent medium and is accumulated, accordingly it is possible to anticipate effective utilization thereof.