Abstract: Ammonium biacetate is a useful material for heat storage applications such as culinary implements, medicinal uses, and solar energy storage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat pipe circuit type thermal battery which can store, release, and efficiently utilize heat and/or cold. The thermal battery mainly includes an energy storing chamber for containing phase change medium to store or release heat energy via the change of the phase change medium between the solid and liquid phases, a heat pipe circuit formed from a plurality of vertically arranged parallel heat pipes to guide working fluid flowing therein and transfer energy through phase changes of condensing and boiling of the working fluid, and two heat exchangers separately serving as heat source and heat sink. Heat energy contained in flowing fluid in the heat-source heat exchanger is transferred to the working fluid in the heat pipe circuit and then stored in the energy storing chamber. On the other hand, energy stored in the energy storing chamber can be released and transferred to the heat-sink heat exchanger via the heat pipe circuit.

Abstract: A highly flexible composite material having a flexible matrix containing a phase change thermal storage material. The composite material can be made to heat or cool the body or to act as a thermal buffer to protect the wearer from changing environmental conditions. The composite may also include an external thermal insulation layer and/or an internal thermal control layer to regulate the rate of heat exchange between the composite and the skin of the wearer. Other embodiments of the PCM composite also provide 1) a path for evaporation or direct absorption of perspiration from the skin of the wearer for improved comfort and thermal control, 2) heat conductive pathways within the material for thermal equalization, 3) surface treatments for improved absorption or rejection of heat by the material, and 4) means for quickly regenerating the thermal storage capacity for reuse of the material.