Abstract: A plurality of fin groups 12 each comprising parallel plate fins 14 are arranged on two straight tube portions 11a of a fin fixing hairpin tube 11 longitudinally of the tube portions at a spacing, by forming two tube inserting holes 14a as spaced apart in each of the plate fins 14 and inserting the two straight tube portions 11a through the respective holes 14a of the plate fins 14. The hairpin tube 11 is enlarged with use of a fluid to fixedly fit the plate fins 14 of the fin groups 12 around the straight tube portions 11a of the tube 11. The straight tube portions 11a of the tube 11 each have a finless part 13 provided between each pair of adjacent fin groups 12. The finless part 13 of each straight tube portion 11a bears clamp marks 19 on the outer peripheral surface thereof. A heat exchanger comprising a heat exchanger finned tube 10 thus constructed is adapted to diminish leakage of the refrigerant and achieves a desired refrigeration efficiency.

Abstract: An effervescence keeper is shown as an elongated body for placement into an open container having a quantity of carbonated liquid. The effervescence keeper includes a stopper for supporting the effervescence keeper on the neck of the container and adjusting holes or slots for adjusting the position of the stopper relative to its displacement along the longitudinal axis of the effervescence keeper.

Abstract: An auxiliary heater suitable for mobile applications and provided with a burner and a cup-shaped heat exchanger (10) which has a hollow cylindrical wall section (26, 48) with a first end area (16) facing the burner, a bottom section (24, 46) facing away from the burner, a heat transfer medium inlet (18), and a heat transfer medium outlet (20), by which, in operation of the auxiliary heater, a fluid heat transfer medium flows through the bottom section (24, 46) and the hollow cylindrical wall section (26, 48). In order to devise an auxiliary heater with has higher efficiency than known auxiliary heaters of the same size, both the heat transfer medium inlet (18) and heat transfer medium outlet (20) located on the first end area (16) of the heat exchanger (10).

Abstract: A fuel heater for a tank includes an elongated member that fits through an opening in the tank. The elongated member includes a first tube that defines a fuel channel and ends with a bottom fuel intake. Fuel may be drawn from the tank and conveyed by a supply side line coupled to the first tube. A second tube of the elongated member is coupled to a return side line that conveys warmed fuel back to the tank. A third tube substantially coaxially surrounds the first tube, and an outlet of the second tube enters the third tube. A heat trace may be employed to warm the fuel. Accordingly, the temperature of fuel in the tank may be maintained above the cloud point temperature.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes: a casing; an external cylinder which is arranged inside the casing with a clearance formed between the external cylinder and an inner surface of the casing and is supported in a cantilevered manner, has a closed end portion, and forms a first fluid passage between the external cylinder and the casing; and an internal cylinder which is arranged inside the external cylinder with a clearance formed between the internal cylinder and an inner surface of the external cylinder and is supported in a cantilevered manner, is open at both ends, and forms a second fluid passage, which is turned around at the closed end portion of the external cylinder, between the internal cylinder and the external cylinder.

Abstract: A heat transfer assembly is disclosed which comprises at least one wall (1, 2, 3) which is adapted to separate a first fluid at a first temperature from a second fluid at a second temperature, and at least one fibre member (6, 7, 8, 9) or plurality of them, each fibre member (6, 7, 8, 9) including at least one elongate fibre which extends substantially axially along the fibre member (6, 7, 8, 9) from the first fluid through the wall (1, 2, 3) and into the second fluid whereby in use heat is transferred from the first fluid to the second fluid or vice versa, and the entire heat transfer assembly or a part of it is assembled as a single unit by sewing/weaving/stitching technique.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biopharmaceutical preservation system for cooling, thawing and freezing a medium. The biopharmaceutical preservation system includes a vessel and a structure removably mounted within the vessel. The structure includes an elongated pipe centrally positioned within the vessel and having one or more heat transfer members.

Abstract: A cryogenic heat exchanger has a pair of coaxial conduits. A pressurized refrigerant gas is passed through the internal conduit, out a thermal expansion valve and back through the annular space between the conduits. The closed end of the outer conduit is chilled by the expansion of the pressurized gas. The cryogenic effect is enhanced by precooling the pressurized warm gas with the depressurized cool return gas. A plurality of porous rings and disks bridging the lumen of the interior conduit and the annular space between the conduits assist in radial heat transfer to accomplish the desired precooling. The material chosen for the rings and disks is preferably highly porous, such as sintered metal, to increase the surface contact area and thereby increase heat transfer efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention provides an air-heated/hot-water vaporizer having a very high thermal efficiency and which is easy to handle for a long period of time. Hot water supplied to the inner tube 24 of the hot water tube 22 passes through the inner tube 24 and flows out from the other end thereof to the closed end side of the outer tube 23. The hot water having flowed out to the closed end side of the outer tube 23 passes through the annular path formed by the inner tube and the outer tube 23, flows in a direction counter to that of the hot water flowing in the inner tube 24, and flows from the opening of the outer tube 23 to the outside. Liquefied gas supplied to the liquefied gas tube 21 flows along the outside of the outer tube 23, and is heated and vaporized by hot water flowing through the hot water tube 22.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermal transfer method for heating or cooling a biopharmaceutical medium. A structure is positioned in the container. A heat exchange member is coupled to an interior surface of the container wherein a distal end of the heat exchange member is placed in close proximity to the structure to allow formation of a thermal transfer bridge that conducts heat into or out of the medium.

Abstract: A recuperator for furnaces includes a set of tubes, which are installed in a secondary chamber (1) which is located behind a main combustion chamber of the furnace and through which hot fumes can pass from the main combustion chamber towards an outlet. The task of the tubes is to recuperate thermal energy from the fumes by bringing a combustion gas to pass through the tubes on its way to burners in the main combustion chamber. The different tubes of the tube set are designed as individual units (8) each one of which is removably inserted in the secondary chamber (1) through holes in the walls (4) thereof. In the mounted condition each tube has a closed portion projecting into the secondary chamber as well as a portion projecting from the outside of the walls of the secondary chamber, the latter portion having inlets and outlets for cold and preheated combustion gas respectively.

Abstract: A recuperator of simple design constructed from a hollow tube. A penetrating tube is formed of a hollow tube, preferably of stainless steel, closed at one end and open at the other end. The open end is cut and welded, or otherwise secured, to a perpendicular hollow tube which introduces and expels ambient air. A divider wall is disposed within the penetrating tube to force introduced ambient air along the length of the penetrating tube before exiting the recuperator. This arrangement exposes the ambient air to the heated surface of the penetrating tube along its entire flow path, substantially twice the length of the penetrating tube. A spiralled strip of 14 gage stainless steel may be disposed within the penetrating tube to enhance heat exchange between the penetrating tube and ambient air flowing there within.

Abstract: Many recuperators have components which react to corrosive gases and are used in applications where the donor fluid includes highly corrosive gases. These recuperators have suffered reduced life, increased service or maintenance, and resulted in increased cost. The present header assembly when used with recuperators reduces the brittle effect of a portion of the ceramic components. Thus, the present header assembly used with the present recuperator increases the life, reduces the service and maintenance, and reduces the increased cost associated with corrosive action of components used to manufacture recuperators. The present header assembly is comprised of a first ceramic member, a second ceramic member, a reinforcing member being in spaced relationship to the first ceramic member and the second ceramic member.

Abstract: A mold insert for an injection molding machine has a circumferential liquid conduit groove and a plurality of liquid-receiving bores extending inwardly from the groove. Baffles are removably inserted into the liquid-receiving bores and have heads located in locking engagement with the sidewalls, including the undercut portions thereof, to retain the baffles in their respective liquid-receiving bores. Each baffle has a blade that fits snugly within a liquid-receiving bore to separate the liquid-receiving bore into a liquid inlet passageway and a liquid outlet passageway. Fins project outwardly from opposite faces of the blade to create turbulence in liquid flowing into and out of the liquid-receiving bore, which enhances cooling (or heating) of the mold insert. The baffle is also useful with other solid components having a liquid conduit for cooling purposes and a transverse liquid-receiving bore intersecting the liquid conduit.

Abstract: Many recuperators have components which react to corrosive gases and are used in applications where the donor fluid includes highly corrosive gases. These recuperators have suffered reduced life, increased service or maintenance, and resulted in increased cost. The present header assembly when used with recuperators reduces the brittle effect of a portion of the ceramic components. Thus, the present header assembly used with the present recuperator increases the life, reduces the service and maintenance, and reduces the increased cost associated with corrosive action of components used to manufacture recuperators. The present header assembly is comprised of a first ceramic member, a second ceramic member, a strengthening reinforcing member being in spaced relationship to the first ceramic member and the second ceramic member.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying fluid comprising a fluid source, valve, inside tube and outside tube. The outside tube is in open communication with the fluid source and the valve. The inside tube is located within the outside tube. The inside tube is in open communication with the fluid source on one end and is spaced apart from the valve on the opposite end so that warm lower density fluid from the fluid source flows up through the inside tube displacing cool higher density fluid near the valve. The cool higher density displaced fluid is forced by gravity back to the fluid source in a fluid return path located between the inside tube and the outside tube. When the valve is in the closed position for an extended period of time, the apparatus maintains a continuous fluid flow from the fluid source through the inside tube to a location near the valve. When the valve is opened warm fluid flows immediately through the valve saving both time and fluid.

Abstract: An evaporator having a tortuous refrigerant flow path for use in an ice making machine. The evaporator includes a first tubular member having a closed bottom end and a closed top end with a first aperture. A second tubular member is concentrically positioned within the first tubular member. The second tubular member has a closed bottom end with a second aperture spaced from the closed bottom end of the first tubular member and an open top end spaced from the closed top end of the first tubular member. A helical baffle plate is coiled around second tubular member. A third tubular member is concentrically positioned within the second tubular member. The third tubular member has an open bottom end spaced from the closed bottom end of the second tubular member and a top end extending through the first aperture in the first tubular member. A fourth tubular member is concentrically positioned within the third tubular member and extends through the second aperture in the second tubular member.

Abstract: A device for storing and discharging a viscous liquid comprises a tank adapted to accommodate a viscous liquid, an outer tubular element arranged inside the tank and open into its interior so that the viscous liquid fills an inner chamber of the outer tubular element, an inner tubular element located inside an inner chamber of the outer tubular element and being substantially closed, means for supplying the viscous liquid into the outer tubular element and discharging liquid from the outer tubular element, means for supplying a heating medium into the inner tubular element so that the heating medium inside the inner tubular element gives out heat through a wall of the inner tubular element into the inner chamber of the outer tubular element and therefore to the viscous liquid so as to heat the viscous liquid and to reduce its viscosity, and for discharging the heating medium which has been cooled as a result of giving off the heat, and a plurality of fins arranged on an outer surface of the inner tubular elem

Abstract: An annular heat exchanger for incompatible fluids, such as reactive compounds, particularly for the aeronautics industry, in which a sealed bottle is fixed interior of a hollow body, with integral heat dissipators and novel fluid passageway orientation, whereby no leak can occur which would commingle the incompatible fluids.

Abstract: A passive device for reducing the relative humidity of a flowing gas has a container in which a tube is disposed. A flowing gas passes into the-container-through a inlet and then flows downwardly through a cavity in the container, whereupon the gas transfers heat to the tube and the walls of the container. As a result, liquid water condenses from the water vapor content of the gas. The flowing gas then flows upwardly through a channel in the tube and is then warmed by the heat previously transferred to the tube, whereupon the relative humidity of the flowing gas decreases.

Abstract: A mesh enclosed container is provided to remove melt water from frozen blocks of contaminated sediment which has been extracted from a marine environment. The mesh enclosure has a number of porous wicking tubes for insertion into corresponding cavities in the frozen sediment blocks. Wicking material is inserted into the tubes to enhance melt water flow out of the sediment blocks during the thawing cycle. A sealed container may be provided to enclose the block and meshed container to prevent escape of volatile materials during the thawing cycle. The sealed container will also collect melt water accumulated during the thawing cycle. A method of melting frozen marine sediment blocks is provided to recover treated water.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus comprising a reactor, elongated along one axis, preferably of square or rectangular cross section. The reactor has, at one extremity, at least one supply line for at least one reactant and at least one evacuation outlet at the other extremity for removal of produced effluents. In a first zone (near the first extremity of the reactor), a plurality of heat exchangers, substantially parallel to each other, are disposed in substantially parallel layers perpendicular to the reactor axis, thereby defining spaces or passages for circulation of reactant(s) and/or effluents between the heat exchangers and/or layers formed by the heat exchanger. The heat exchangers are adapted to exchange heat in the passages through successive transverse sections, which are independent and substantially perpendicular to the reactor axis.

Abstract: An annular heat exchanger for incompatible fluids, such as reactive compounds, particularly for the aeronautics industry, in which a sealed bottle is fixed interior of a hollow body, with integral heat dissipators and novel fluid passageway orientation, whereby no leak can occur which would commingle the incompatible fluids.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a long, thin-shelled heat transfer tube closed at one end and secured at the other end to a manifold collar which has an exhaust tube extending from the center thereof and a manifold housing extending from the collar side opposite that from which the heat transfer tube extends. A plurality of longitudinally extending distributor tubes extend from the heat transfer tube through the collar in fluid communication with a sealed manifold chamber and a plurality of orifices spaced at longitudinal increments along the length of each distributor tube permits the wind mass in the manifold chamber to exit the orifices as high speed, free-standing gas jets for impingement against the interior of the heat transfer tube so that the heat transfer tube acts either as a heat source or as a heat sink.

Abstract: The present invention is a hot tub heater system. The hot tub heater system is comprised of a hot tub having water within. The hot tub heater system is also comprised of means for heating the water within the hot tub. The heating means comprises a hot water heater which heats a body of water within a tank and means for transferring heat from the water within the tank to the water of the hot tub without any intermixing. Preferably, the heat transferring means comprises a piping assembly which acts as a heat exchanger. The piping assembly can be a variety of different forms. The present invention allows a hot tub to be heated inexpensively with a domestic hot water heater.

Abstract: A fuel heater formed form an elongated structure which defines a fuel channel passing through the length thereof and which defines in the bottom thereof a fuel intake. The unitary structure also defines a heating fluid inlet and outlet on one side of the fuel channel which communicate with one another on that one side of the fuel channel and fuel measurement means. The fuel measurement means is fit to a conduit formed in the elongated structure. The fuel measurement means can be a capacitive-type level sensor.

Abstract: A cryogenic liquid vaporizer system 10 comprising an outer tube 22 for exposure to the atmosphere and enclosing an inner tube 16 to form an annulus 36. The fluid enters the inner tube 16 as liquid, flows in the inner tube 16 where it is at least partially vaporized, and discharges into the outer tube 22. In one embodiment the fluid discharges near the end 34 of the outer tube 22 and counterflow in the annulus 36 where it is usually completely vaporized and partially superheated. In another embodiment, the fluid discharges into the outer tube 22 and continues to flow in the longitudinal space 38 provided by the length of outer tube 22. The annulus 36 is occupied by quiescent fluid.

Abstract: The refrigerative probe comprises in combination an insert member fit into, and cooperating with, a probe housing to provide an elongated flowpath in fluid communication with the inner surface of said probe housing. The elongated pathway, being partly defined by a channel formed in the outer surface of the insert member and partly formed by the probe housing, is easily formed in the assembled probe by inserting the insert member into the probe housing.

Abstract: A mass flow cooler for cooling particulate material comprising a vertical bin having a top end, a bottom end, a material inlet near the top end and a material discharge in the bottom end; the material discharge comprising a plurality of orifices through which the particulate material may flow; a plurality of vertical, tubular heat exchanger elements, each having an open top end and a sealed bottom end and extending from the top of the bin toward the bottom of the bin; a plurality of fluid distribution tubes corresponding to the number of heat exchanger elements, each fluid distribution tube having an open top end and an open bottom end and extending through the top end of a corresponding heat exchanger element toward the bottom end of the heat exchanger element; each fluid distribution tube being connected to a source of cooling fluid; and a discharge orifice plate positioned below the material discharge for controlling the rate at which the material flows through the bin.

Abstract: An improved ground source heat pump system wherein the subterranean piping installation is constructed of a plurality of modular heat exchange units. Each such unit comprises an external tube with an expanded external surface and an insulated internal tube positioned concentrically within the external tube. The units are integrally formed of flexible plastic material, except for the insulation. The expanded external surface of the external tube significantly increases the heat exchange capacity of the subterranean heat exchanger. The insulation around the internal tube prevents thermal interference between the internal and external tubes and further enhances the heat exchange capacity of the system. There is no need for spacers or fins in the space between the internal and external tubes to control annular spacing or to promote turbulence.

Abstract: The cylindrical enclosure 12 of a recuperator 10 as in FIG. 2 contains an annular coaxial heat exchanger 50 full of cooling liquid 22 circulating therethrough. Exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine flows from an inlet end 32 through the heat exchanger 50, first in an axial region 15 via a conduit 14, then back through a surrounding annular region 18, then through tubes 37 to an outlet end 34. The inlet 30 and outlet 31 for the gas are in the side wall 40 of the cylindrical body 12, and the exhaust gas 11 enters and leaves via conduits 14 and 19 that are perpendicular to the side wall 40 at the inlet 30 and at the outlet 31. So the ends 41 and 42 of the body 12 are free of adjacent obstruction, and at least one of them is removable, as in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5 . Thus, the recuperator 10 can be opened and closed to make the interior accessible for inspection, cleaning, or other desired purpose.

Abstract: An integral cooling system for cooling a plurality of electronic components, including: a cooling fluid manifold for mounting over the plurality of electronic components; a main fluid inflow duct within the manifold for supplying pumped cooling fluid; a main fluid outflow duct within the manifold for removing pumped cooling fluid; for each respective electronic component of the plurality of electronic components: a component cooling chamber within the manifold, for application of cooling fluid to an area immediately adjacent the electronic component; a fluid supplying duct within the manifold to supply cooling fluid from the main fluid inflow duct to the chamber; and, a fluid removing duct within the manifold to remove cooling fluid from the chamber to the main fluid outflow duct.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling turbine components of a gas turbofan engine in which air to be cooled is directed along a first annular, radially extending path away from the engine and cooled by bypass air. The cooled air is returned to the engine along a second radially-extending path concentric to the first path. In a preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger is a standpipe extending from the compressor outlet to the bypass air duct and includes inner and outer tubular members oriented concentrically to form inner and outer counterflowing air flow paths which also are concentrically arranged. The outer member is mounted on the combustor casing and the inner member on a diffuser within the casing. Accordingly, no mechanical connection exists between the inner and outer members.

Abstract: An improved electronic cooling module having thermally optimized and fully integrated vertical water channels located between pistons. The water channels include directed jets matched to the piston localized performance and an inner tube locally attached to the channel hole providing parallel convective surfaces.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing heat to a reaction chamber in which an endothermic reaction is performed under utilization of hot smoke gas includes a barrier, preferably a tubular barrier at least partially enclosing the reaction chamber but being spaced therefrom; hot smoke gas is fed to a ring chamber outside of the barrier and caused to flow there along while losing some of its heat content until at a lower end of the barrier the flow of the cooled smoke gas is reversed and the gas is introduced into a gap between the barrier and the reaction chamber so that heat is transferred through the barrier from the hot smoke gas as it flows along the outside of the barrier to the gas as it flows in the gap for heating the reaction chamber in an essentially uniform manner.

Abstract: An air-conditioner has a heater core in an air passage. A bypass passage is formed within the air passage and at a side portion of the heater core. A holding shaft is pivotally disposed at the boundary between an air-flow through the heater core and an air-flow through the bypass passage. A sliding shaft is disposed upstream of the heater core and slides to cross a substantially whole area of the air passage. A first end and second end of a variable length damper which varies its length are connected to the sliding shaft and the holding shaft respectively so that the variable length damper moves in such a manner that its length varies in response to a distance between the sliding shaft and the holding shaft.

Abstract: A method for heating fuel by a fuel heater formed from an elongated unitary structure which defines a fuel channel passing through the length thereof and which defines in the bottom thereof a fuel intake. The unitary structure also defines a heating fluid inlet and outlet on one side of the fuel channel which communicate with one another on that one side of the fuel channel.

Abstract: A heat exchanger useful for supplying infusates over substantial distances uses an extrusion which provides a central tube for carrying an infusate and two outer channels for carrying a heat exchange fluid. A first of the channels carries the heat exchange fluid from an inlet end to an opposite end, and the other of the channels returns the heat exchange fluid to the inlet end. An end cap at the inlet end is easily connected to a source of heat exchange fluid and communicates with the channels. An end cap at the opposite end receives the heat exchange fluid from the first channle and redirects it to the second channel. Both of the end caps have connectors for facilitating connection with lines from a source of infusate and a patient.

Abstract: A system (10) for preheating fuel in a fuel tank (16) for an internal combustion engine. The system (10) includes a heat exchanger (12) for transferring heat from a heated fluid to the fuel. The heat exchanger (12) includes a fuel tube (32) being surrounded by the heated fluid for further heating of the fuel prior to its entering the fuel line of the vehicle or other device in which the system is installed. In the preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger (12) is installed through an access opening (14) normally provided in fuel tanks used in diesel engine-powered over-the-road trucks. A flange (18) is provided for securing the heat exchanger (12) to the flange (20) which surrounds the opening (14) in the fuel tank (16).

Abstract: A heat exchanger useful for supplying infusates over substantial distances uses an extrusion which provides a central tube for carrying an infusate and two outer channels for carrying a heat exchange fluid. A first of the channels carries the heat exchange fluid from an inlet end to an opposite end, and the other of the channels returns the heat exchange fluid to the inlet end. An end cap at the inlet end is easily connected to a source of heat exchange fluid and communicates with the channels. An end cap at the opposite end receives the heat exchange fluid from the first channel and redirects it to the second channel. Both of the end caps have connectors for facilitating connection with lines from a source of infusate and a patient.

Abstract: Means for enhancing heat transfer from liquid cooled rotating anode x-ray tubes that provide for extended surfaces on the liquid cooled concave curved heat exchange surfaces opposing the electron beam focal track. The extended surfaces take the form of fins lying in the direction of coolant flow, said fins preferably being generally triangular in cross section.

Abstract: A fuel heater formed from an elongated unitary structure which defines a fuel channel passing through the length thereof and which defines in the bottom thereof a fuel intake. The unitary structure also defines a heating fluid inlet and outlet on one side of the fuel channel which communicate with one another on that one side of the fuel channel.

Abstract: A thin multi-passage cooler that produces an isothermal heating surface, high heat transfer coefficients, without producing an excessive pressure drop across the coolant passages. The cooler having a plurality of first passages in fluid communication with a plurality of second passages. A coolant flows through the second passages and then through first passages which are in close proximity to a heating source. The first and second passages are oriented and connected such that the direction of coolant flow in the first passages is opposite to the direction of flow in the second passages. To promote high heat transfer coefficients the passages are constructed to have large length to width ratios and small hydraulic diameters.

Abstract: A system (10) for preheating fuel in a fuel tank (16) for an internal combustion engine. The system (10) includes a heat exchanger (12) for transferring heat from a heated fluid to the fuel. The heat exchanger (12) includes a fuel tube (32) which is surrounded by the heated fluid for further heating of the fuel prior to its entering the fuel line of the vehicle or other device in which the system is installed. In the preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger (12) is installed through an access opening (14) normally provided in fuel tanks used in diesel engine-powered over-the-road trucks. A flange (18) is provided for securing the heat exchanger (12) to the flange (20) which surrounds the opening (14) in the fuel tank (16).

Abstract: The heat exchanger disclosed herein includes a head section and a heat exchanging section. The heat exchanging section consists of a bundle of inner conduits, open at both ends, and a bundle of outer conduits, open only at one end. The outer conduits enclose that part of the inner conduits within the heat exchanging section, such that an annular space is defined between the conduits. In operation, a lower temperature fluid is introduced into the head section, which generally operates at low temperature and high pressure. The lower temperature fluid flows through the inner conduits into the heat exchanging section and returns to the head section through the annular spaces between the inner and outer conduits. The high temperature fluid flows through the heat exchanging section in intimate contact with the conduits containing the lower temperature fluid, so that it is cooled by the lower temperature fluid.

Abstract: A device is provided for direct cooling of thick essentially horizontal wall members which are charged with different temperatures and possibly different pressures on their upper and lower sides, such as for cooling a heat exchanger tube sheet. Cooling of the wall member or component from the "cold side" is afford by closed end bores formed in the wall member which bores are open on the "cold side" and closed on the "hot side". Each closed end bore has a tube projecting from the "cold side" of the wall member and extending into the bore with its end within the bore located adjacent the closed end of the bore. The diameter of the tube is smaller than the diameter of the bore so that flow through the tube into the bore can reverse direction at the closed end and flow through the space between the tube and the bore.

Abstract: An inner tube for a radiant tube for recirculating burnt gases supplied by a burner, consisting of a plurality of axially aligned assembled tube sections arranged end to end whereas the assembling means consist each one of a sleeve coaxially surrounding the ends of said sections to be interconnected and the radially inner surface of which comprises in the middle of its length an annular collar projecting radially inwards and fitting between both tube sections to be connected together, the inner surface portions which are located on either side of the collar widening gradually towards the sleeve ends.

Abstract: A baffle for partitioning fluid circulating passages that are provided in a structure for heat transfer purposes. The baffles are inserted without the need for extra drilling and tapping of the structure, and include an elongated, substantially flat body which is inserted into a passage to thereby partition the passage into two conduits, which act as supply and return conduits for fluid flow. The baffle further extends into another passage, through which fluid flows, to thereby block the flow of fluid and force the fluid to flow through the partitioned passage via the defined conduits. The baffle is held into position by resilient arms which project outwardly from the baffle and are received fully within the non-partitioned passage.

Abstract: The heat exchanger, which forms a part of the fluid treatment apparatus of this invention, includes an insulated tubular having concentric telescopically nested spaced tubes, wherein the space between the tubes is sealed and filled with an inert gas. The surfaces of the tubes are coated with a hydrogen permeation barrier preferably comprising an aluminum-iron alloy, nickel or copper which limits atomic hydrogen permeation into the space between the tubes, which would combine to form hydrogen gas and result in heat loss. The insulated tubular is telescopically nested in a pipe, forming a fluid heat exchanger and the heat exchanger is telescopically nested in fluid waste circulation pipes, forming the fluid treatment apparatus of this invention. The preferred fluid heat exchanger is a vertically extending deep well reactor suitable for wet oxidation reaction of fluid wastes including municipal sludge.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with a tube bundle constituted by externally enamelled bayonet-tubes which are individually fixed to a tube plate using a special system of sealing by pressing against a frustoconical seat, and which comprises preferably a single PTFE gasket for the entire tube bundle.