Abstract: A heat exchanger is used between the stripper section and rectifier section. The heat exchanger (10) has channels closed on all sides with an end inlet and end outlet for the related section. A compressor is fitted between the sections. According to the invention the heat exchanger is a so-called compact heat exchanger, that is to say a heat exchanger made up of a series of adjacent plates (15, 16) between which channels (11, 12) closed on all sides for the related section are delimited. These channels (11, 12) extend essentially vertically and are so constructed that all liquid contained therein is able to move towards the bottom of the section concerned. The flow cross-section of the channels of the stripper/rectifier section changes depending on the process carried out therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat exchanger and condensation combustion chamber assembly, comprising a plurality of tubes and including a front plate and a rear plate connected to the combustion chamber with a drop pattern. Each of the heat exchanger tubes comprises a variable area cross section, with a flat portion at a middle region, to provide a larger thermal exchange surface. The middle region is subjected to a crossed cut molding process to provide a helical type of fume path, suitable to enhance the efficiency of the assembly, owing to an increased thermal exchange between the fumes and heated air flows. The combustion chamber having a cross section of drop shape allows to properly solve the problem related to the very high temperatures generated by recent cylindrical gas burners having a metal mesh surface generating great amounts of heat, which must be disposed of in a thermal exchange process with the heated air flow.

Abstract: An evaporative heat exchanger (10) is provided for the transfer of heat to a first fluid (30) from a second fluid (28) and a third fluid (22) to vaporize the first fluid (30). The heat exchanger (10) includes a core (40), a first flow path (60) in the core for the first fluid (30), a second flow path (66) in the core (40) for the second fluid (28), and a third flow path (68) in the core (40) for the third fluid (22). The core (40) includes a first section (42), a second section (44), and a third section (46), with the second section (44) connecting the first and third sections (42, 46). The first flow path (60) extends through all of the sections (42, 44, 46), the second flow path (66) extends through the first section (42), and the third flow path (68) extends through the third section (46).

Abstract: A catalytic reactor (10) comprises a plurality of sheets (12, 13) defining flow channels (14, 18) between them. Within each flow channel (14, 18) is a foil (16, 20) of corrugated material whose surfaces are coated with catalytic material. The flow channels (14, 18) extend in transverse directions, but the foils (20) are shaped to cause the gas in those channels (18) to flow at least partly in countercurrent to the gas flowing in the other channels (14). The reactor (20) incorporates header chambers (22, 24) to supply gas mixtures to the flow channels (14, 18), each header being in the form of a cap attached to the outside of the back and covering a face of the stack. Hence different gas mixtures are supplied to the different channels (14, 18) which may be at different pressures, and the corresponding chemical reactions are also different, and heat is transferred through the sheets (12, 13) separating the adjacent channels.

Abstract: A vertical polygonal heat exchange chamber includes an upper opening, a lower opening, and an enclosure formed between the upper and lower openings. The enclosure includes at least one tapered portion that narrows in a direction toward one of the openings. The tapered portion is lined with N first water tube panels arranged adjacent to and alternately with N second water tube panels, where N is an integer greater than two. Each of the first and second water tube panels is angled inwardly from the widest part of the tapered portion toward the interior of the enclosure, with each of the first water tube panels being angled inwardly to a greater degree than each of the second water tube panels.

Abstract: A vertical polygonal heat exchange chamber includes an upper opening, a lower opening, and an enclosure formed between the upper and lower openings. The enclosure includes at least one tapered portion that narrows in a direction toward one of the openings. The tapered portion is lined with N first water tube panels arranged adjacent to and alternately with N second water tube panels, where N is an integer greater than two. Each of the first and second water tube panels is angled inwardly from the widest part of the tapered portion toward the interior of the enclosure, with each of the first water tube panels being angled inwardly to a greater degree than each of the second water tube panels.

Abstract: A heat-exchanger assembly, which can be advantageously employed as an intercooler for an air-charging system for an internal combustion engines includes a plurality of generally wedge-shaped coolant tubes through which coolant is directed for effecting cooling of compressed air flowing about the tubes. In order to promote efficient operation, each of the wedge-shaped cooling tubes includes a plurality of coolant passages of substantially identical hydraulic diameter or cross-sectional area, thereby promoting uniform flow of coolant through each coolant tube. Each coolant tube includes outer walls which may be of a substantially uniform thickness, or which may increase in thickness across the width of the tube.

Abstract: The present invention provides a contactor apparatus and method for removing solvent from a polymer cement. The resulting polymer is substantially free of solvent and exhibits improved oil absorption and lower fines. In one aspect, a contactor is provided comprising a cylindrical casing having a high pressure section, a convergence section, a high velocity section, a divergence section, and a discharge section. The polymer cement is introduced into the high pressure section to significantly and unexpectedly improve solvent removal. The convergence and divergence sections have cross-sectional areas that correspond to an effective angle from about 4° to about 65°, such as 6°. The polymer cement is mixed with high pressure steam. After converging, the polymer cement forms more uniform droplets due to high shear of steam. In the divergence and discharge sections, the polymer is substantially devolatized.

Abstract: A device and process for the removal of volatile constituents from polymers is disclosed. The device entails a container having an inlet for a polymer solution, an outlet for the volatile components, an outflow for the polymer from which the volatile components have been removed and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is characterized in that it contains a plurality of specially structured channels.

Abstract: A heat sink structure is formed by stacking a plurality of heat sink layers. Each layer comprises an array of vertically disposed heat dissipating elements extending from a base plate. Cut outs are formed in each of the base plates to form openings so that when the layers are stacked, each of the ascending successive layers has a larger opening than the layer upon which it rests. Cooling may be by forced air or natural convection. With forced air, air impinges on the top of the stack and into the opening in the base plates. Because of diminishing size of the openings in the stack, a portion of the air is forced out the sides of each layer. With natural convection, air is drawn into the sides of each layer and the hot air at the center flows upwardly through the openings with increasing volume as it rises.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled heat sink for use in combination with a heat exchanger to cool electronic or electrical devices attached to said heat sink comprises a metal block having a plurality of circular passageways therethrough defined by cylindrical walls. An inlet is in fluid communication with one end of the passageways for receiving a cooling liquid, and an outlet is in fluid communication with an opposite end of the passageways for outputting the cooling liquid. At least one tape insert is mounted within at least one of the circular passageways, wherein the tape insert longitudinally bisects the circular passageway and further wherein edges of the tape insert abut cylindrical wall.

Abstract: In an air conditioner using a flammable refrigerant of the present invention, an inner diameter of a liquid-side connecting pipe is reduced to less than 42.5% of that of a gas-side connecting pipe. By reducing the inner diameter of the pipe in which a liquid refrigerant of the air conditioner is reduced, it is possible to reduce the amount of refrigerant to be charged into the system without decreasing the capacity and the efficiency.

Abstract: A multipass heat exchanger with return bends between passes has its first return bend which varies in cross sectional area in the direction of the of the gas flow. The cross sectional area first increases so as to thereby reduce the velocity of the flue gas, decrease the flue side heat transfer coefficient and decrease the resulting hotspots. The cross sectional area is then increased in a more downstream portion of the return bend so as to not increase the overall height of the heat exchanger. The variation preferably occurs throughout the entire span of the return bend, with the increase in cross sectional area beginning at the start of the return bend.

Abstract: A furnace heat exchanger with multiple parallel flow passages with at least two of the passages being partially formed of a pair of opposed sidewalls having wavy cross-sectional shapes wherein the downstream passage has at least as many and preferably more waves than the upstream pass. The wavy shapes are preferably generally sinusoidal in form with the waves of the two sides being substantially in phase.

Abstract: Plate heat exchanger has heat transfer plates which exhibit a patterning and are stacked one above the other. Primary sided flow channels for a first heat exchanger medium to be evaporated, and secondary sided channels for a second heat exchanger heat carrier medium are formed between the plates. The primary sided and/or the secondary sided flow channels are formed between two adjacent heat transfer plates, whose patterning meshes at least partially, while maintaining a minimum spacing.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger of the present invention for exchanging heat between fluid flowing in a flow passage in a heat exchanger tube and fluid flowing outside of said heat exchanger tube, a solid bar-like insertion member or a hollow bar-like insertion member whose opposite ends are closed is provided in said flow passage in which a fluid having phase change flows in gas-liquid two phase state or liquid phase state, a cross section of said insertion member is formed into a substantially circle shape, a polygonal shape or a starlike shape, and a cross-sectional area of a flow passage in which said fluid flows is reduced as a mass flow rate quality of said fluid is reduced. With this construction, it is possible to restrain the pressure loss at the time of evaporation, and the evaporation ability can be enhanced or can be restrained from being deteriorated.

Abstract: A cooler has a plurality of layers arranged in a stack and connected to one another along their surfaces. Each layer has openings allowing for three-dimensional flow of the coolant between an intake and an outlet. The flow resistance or the gradient of flow resistance increases from the intake to the outlet so that the coolant is increasingly forced to concentrate at the cooling surface as coolant flows from the intake to the outlet.

Abstract: A condenser neck (1) comprises two level cover plates (2) and two side walls (3) located between them that are favorably shaped with respect to flow technology. The cover plates (2) and side walls (3) may be reinforced with ribs (4a,4b). A pipe (5) arranged between the cover plates (2) further reinforces the condenser neck (1). It would also be conceivable to provide openings (11) for bypass lines in the pipe (5) and/or in the side walls (3).

Abstract: A clamshell heat exchanger (10) is provided for use in a heating apparatus including a burner for producing hot combustion gas. The heat exchanger (10) defines a multi-pass flow passage (11) for the combustion gas and includes a first plate member (30) and a second plate member (32). The first plate member (30) has a first series of parallel ridges (36) and valleys (38a-b), with at least one of the valleys (38a) being deeper than other of the valleys (38b). The second plate member (32) faces the first plate member (30) and includes a second series of ridges (36) and valleys (38a-b) that are parallel to the first series of ridges (36) and valleys (38a-b), with at least one of the valleys (38a) of the second series being deeper than other of the valleys (38b) of the second series. A first pass (14, 16) of the multi-pass flow passage (11) is defined by a number N1 of the ridges (36) and valleys (38a-b) of the first and second series.

Abstract: A liquid distributor for distributing liquid over the heat transfer surface of an evaporator includes a channel array including one or more supply channels and downwardly deviating distribution channels. Each distribution channel has a step-shaped expansion located downstream with respect to the supply channel and connecting therewith via a sharp point, restricting the liquid suction created in the distribution channel. Sharp points provided in the supply channel or channels further restrict the liquid suction.

Abstract: An ice-making machine includes a housing having a brine solution inlet to receive brine solution from which ice is to be made and having an ice-brine slurry outlet to permit the egress of an ice-brine slurry from the housing. A heat exchanger within the housing has a heat exchange surface. The heat exchanger further includes a refrigerant inlet, a refrigerant outlet and at least one refrigerant circuit interconnecting the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet to permit a flow of refrigerant through the heat exchanger to extract heat from the brine solution contacting the heat exchange surface. The at least one refrigerant circuit is constituted by refrigerant passages integrally formed in a body portion of the housing. A blade assembly within the housing carries a plurality of blades each of which is in contact with the heat exchange surface.

Abstract: A heat exchange jacket for attachment to an external surface of a pump motor having a bottom surface with a shape conforming to a curvature of the housing of the pump motor, a top surface joined to the bottom surface so as to define a heat exchange chamber therebetween, a fluid inlet connected to the top surface and communicating with the chamber, and a fluid outlet communicating with the chamber. The surface of the heat exchange jacket are formed of a polymeric material. The fluid outlet is positioned below the fluid inlet. The bottom surface has a curved shape with the top surface extending in concentric relationship therewith. The fluid inlet is positioned above the top surface and is located between a forward end and a rearward end of the top surface. The fluid outlet includes a first fluid outlet located on one side adjacent to the bottom of the heat exchange jacket and a second fluid outlet positioned on an opposite side of the heat exchange jacket adjacent to a bottom of the jacket.

Abstract: A liquid distributor in an evaporator, intended in particular for the evaporation treatment of liquid suspensions which contain fibers or other such solid ingredients. The distributor comprises, located at the upper end of the heat exchange surface, a transverse frame, liquid conduits disposed therein distributing the liquid over the entire width of the heat exchange surface. According to the invention the liquid conduits are made up of feed conduits slanted obliquely downwards and of distribution conduits branching out therefrom and leading to the heat exchange surface. At the branching points of the conduits their wall surfaces on the downstream side with respect to the feed flow are rounded into curved dividing surfaces by means of which the dividing of the flow is carried out.

Abstract: A heat exchanger tube for condensing steam with the use of cooling air includes an upper steam supply and a lower condensate discharge. The heat exchanger tube has an elongated cross-section in the flow direction of the transversely flowing cooling air. The interior of the tube is divided by a separating wall extending transversely of the flow direction of the cooling air into a condenser stretch whose cross-section becomes smaller in the flow direction of the steam and a dephlegmator stretch whose cross-section becomes smaller in the flow direction of the steam, wherein the condenser stretch is at the lower end thereof connected to the dephlegmator stretch for conducting steam from the condenser stretch to the dephlegmator stretch, and wherein a gas/steam mixture exhauster is mounted at the upper end of the dephlagmator stretch.

Abstract: An ice-making machine includes a housing having a brine solution inlet to receive brine solution from which ice is to be made and having an ice-brine slurry outlet to permit the egress of an ice-brine slurry from the housing. A heat exchanger within the housing has a heat exchange surface. The heat exchanger further includes a refrigerant inlet, a refrigerant outlet and at least one refrigerant circuit interconnecting the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet to permit a flow of refrigerant through the heat exchanger to extract heat from the brine solution contacting the heat exchange surface. The at least one refrigerant circuit is constituted by refrigerant passages integrally formed in a body portion of the housing. A blade assembly within the housing carries a plurality of blades each of which is in contact with the heat exchange surface.

Abstract: A refrigeration system (12) is comprised of three expansion units (19A, 19B, 19C), with each having an expansion chamber (22) and three secondary chambers (24, 26 and 28), connected to a supply (16) of compressed refrigerant. The expansion chamber and secondary chambers are formed with progressively reducing volumetric capacity. The end of each of the the secondary chambers, is connected to a common bleed tube (29) having a bleed hole (34) for venting the refrigerant. The bleed hole opens to the outside of a housing (15) which houses the expansion units. The interior of the housing (15) is filled with a gel which changes state from a liquid to a solid at a predetemmined temperature. A valving arrangement (32) connects the expansion units to a supply of compressed refrigerant. The housing (15) together with a supply (16) refrigerant can be installed into a cooling box for cooling the space within the cooling box.

Abstract: A two-stage evaporator unit converts a liquid reactant mass flow adjustable as a function of a load presetting into a gaseous reactant mass flow. The liquid reactant mass flow is at least partially evaporated in the first stage by a heat-exchange medium, and, if appropriate is completely evaporated and subsequently superheated in the second stage. The evaporator unit is formed by the alternating stacking one on the other of foils having heat-exchange channels and by foils having reaction channels that, in each case, have at least one first and one second stage integrated in one foil. The first stage is configured as a channel with a minimized cross-sectional area which is directly connected to the inflow conduit. The first stage is operated at high coefficients of heat transmission. The total cross-section of the reaction channels in the second stage increases in the flow direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a shroud for cooling a heatsink that is associated with a heat generating electrical component. Conventionally, the heatsink has a base portion with a first side and an oppositely disposed second side. The first side has cooling projections with outer ends that extend from the first side with the second side being attached to the heat generating electrical component. The shroud of the present invention comprises a wall that may be comprised of a thermoplastic or metallic material, The wall extends about and covers a portion of the cooling projections to form a passage for a flow of fluid about the cooling projections. The passage has a varying cross-sectional area to maximize the flow of the fluid about the cooling projections, to thereby enhance transfer of heat from the cooling projections to the fluid flowing through the passage.

Abstract: A thin film flow-down type concentrating apparatus for concentrating a heat susceptible raw liquid with heated steam to high concentration without spoiling the flavor or deteriorating the quality by alternately laminating raw liquid plates and steam plates 20, in which the width of the raw liquid heating passage 18 is gradually narrowed from the raw liquid inlet to the concentrate outlet. As a result, if the volume of the raw liquid decreases due to evaporation and separation of the moisture in the raw liquid, scorching is prevented. Besides, by the steam generated from the raw liquid, in order to prevent increase of the flow velocity of the concentrate going toward the concentrate exit, the plate intervals of the raw liquid heating passage is gradually widened from the raw liquid inlet toward the concentrate outlet.

Abstract: An improved polymer devolatilization apparatus including a flat plate heater having a multiplicity of flat plates defining a plurality of channels, each channel having a substantially uniform height but varying width over its length, each channel including three zones:a first zone in operative communication with the polymer solution supply device, characterized by decreasing width as a function of distance from its beginning,a second zone beginning at the terminus of the first zone, characterized by at least one occurrence of a restrictive cross-sectional area, anda third zone beginning at the end of the second zone and terminating at a liquid/vapor collection and separation region operating at reduced pressure, said third zone characterized by increasing width as a function of distance from its beginning, and provided further that the ratio of maximum width of the third zone to the maximum width of the second zone is from 2:1 to 20:1.

Abstract: An enhanced hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor for the production of olefins. The reactor provides enhanced heat transfer, reduced pressure drop, and reduced energy requirements while increasing selectivity and olefin yield. The radiant section tubes of the reactor, according to the invention, are shaped to provide a continuously increasing volume per unit length from inlet to outlet of the reactor. This increase in volume may be achieved by either expanding the effective inside radius of the reactor tube and/or increasing the outside radius of the tube while increasing the inside effective radius. Alternatively, since embodiments of reactors according to the invention have internal fins, the fin size and shape may be modified to provide the required increasing volume per unit length.

Abstract: An apparatus formed by a roll bonding or extrusion process providing continuously tapered or continuously expanding roll bonded refrigerant and air conduits or incrementally sized extrudate refrigerant conduits to optimize internal heat flow throughout the refrigerant circuit. The air conduits are formed integrally with and adjacent to the refrigerant conduits. The air conduits are lanced forming a plurality of fin strips having a plurality of miniature strip fins with slits thereinbetween arranged perpendicular to the direction of air flow. Air circulates through the air conduit and slits, and around the fins and the refrigerant conduit to increase heat transfer between the air and the refrigerant. The apparatus can be utilized to provide a one piece composite refrigeration unit comprising a condenser, an evaporator, an umbilical circuit strip integrally connecting the condenser and the evaporator, wherein the umbilical strip includes a suction tube and a liquid line capillary metering tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plate heat exchanger for the evaporation of a fluid which is comprised of a plurality of heat transfer plate pairs. Each plate of the pair has a ridged and grooved corrugation pattern. Between adjacent plates are flow spaces, each having an inlet and an outlet. The ridges of each plate of each pair abut the ridges of the other plate in the pair to form a plurality of supporting points. The flow spaces between alternate plates form passages for the fluid, and the remaining flow spaces form passages for a heating fluid.The importance of the invention is that at least alternate heat transfer plates have a plurality of zones with different corrugation patterns arranged sequentially in the direction of fluid flow in the passages. The ridges and grooves of each plate in the pair are arranged to provide a flow resistance which gradually decreases in the direction of fluid and generated vapor flow.

Abstract: For the catalytic treatment of exhaust gases continuously flowing through a catalytic converter (14) from an IC engine, more particularly the IC engine of a vehicle, during operation at moderate temperatures the exhaust gases are heated by a heat storage means prior to their entry into the catalytic converter in a heating zone.

Abstract: Apparatus for changing the temperature of an infusible liquid from a first temperature to a second predetermined temperature. The apparatus includes a receiver assembly for changing the temperature of the liquid. The apparatus also includes a cartridge to be received in the assembly and which defines an enclosed passageway for movement of the fluid. The cartridge has a first end, a second end, a liquid inlet disposed adjacent the first end, a liquid output disposed adjacent the second end, and a first wall extending between the ends and made of a material having good heat transfer properties. The assembly includes a thermoelectric heat pump, and a slot is provided for releasably receiving the cartridge so that the heat pump engages the wall of the cartridge.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having a plurality of flat and elongated tube passes operatively interconnected therein with inlet and outlet openings adjacent to one another so that refrigerant flowing therethrough can transfer the heat energy from a cross flow of air streaming between the tube passes. The tube passes have a divider rib offset so that the volume on the outlet or increased quantity side of each pass is greater than the volume on the inlet or low quantity vapor side. With a large volume available for vapor expansion, pressure drop is minimized and heat transfer performance is maximized in the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A serpentine passage for a gas furnace clam shell-type heat exchanger comprising a serpentine passage having an inlet and an outlet where the serpentine passage, from the outlet toward the inlet, is shaped as a leaning, cursive w with the trailing end curling downwardly and underlining the w.

Abstract: Vacuum distillation system which has a vacuum distillation column (1) having a column inlet (6), a bottom outlet (8) and a top outlet (10), a furnace (2) provided with a heat-exchange tube (27) having a tube inlet (28) and a tube outlet (29), and a connecting conduit (3) extending between the tube outlet (29) and the column inlet (6), wherein the inner diameter of the heat-exchange tube (27) increases along the length of the heat-exchange tube (27) to between 2.4 and three times the inner diameter of the tube inlet (28), and wherein the inner diameter of the connecting conduit (3) gradually increases along the length of the connecting conduit (3) to between 2.5 and 5.4 times the inner diameter of the tube outlet (29).

Abstract: A fluid heat exchanger for cooling an electronic component having a housing for receiving heat from the electronic component in which the housing has a fluid inlet and an outlet at opposite ends of the housing. The cross-sectional area of the housing for conveying fluid from the inlet to the outlet decreases from the inlet to the outlet thereby reducing pressure drop without sacrificing thermal performance. The cross-sectional area may be decreased by tilting a top of the housing relative to a bottom, or providing a plurality of fins separated by channels in which the cross-sectional area of the channels decreases from the inlet to the outlet.

Abstract: A fluid heat exchanger for cooling an electronic component having a housing for receiving heat from the electronic component in which the housing has a fluid inlet and an outlet at opposite ends of the housing. The cross-sectional area of the housing for conveying fluid from the inlet to the outlet decreases from the inlet to the outlet thereby reducing pressure drop without sacrificing thermal performance. The cross-sectional area may be decreased by tilting a top of the housing relative to a bottom, or providing a plurality of fins separated by channels in which the cross-sectional area of the channels decreases from the inlet to the outlet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coke dry cooling chamber with vertical outer walls constructed as cooling walls and parallel vertical cooling walls positioned in the cooling chamber, with supporting walls running crosswise to them. Pursuant to the invention, the cooling walls and supporting walls taper as they descend and the different coke cooling shafts created by them correspondingly broaden as they descend. A particular embodiment of the invention provides that diaphragm pipe walls constructed as cooling walls are equipped with flat outer abrasion plates. The space between the diaphragm walls, embodied in a pipe-stay-pipe construction, and the abrasion plates is filled with a highly heat-conductive material, graphite, for example.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is a device and method for optimizing the weight and/or the heat transfer (conduction) capability of a heat transfer cylindrical sleeve. The sleeve is designed to fit around a cylindrical heat source. One particular application for this invention is where the heat source is a battery such as a metal gas battery in a satellite (where weight savings is important). Two sets of functional relationships are generated showing the relationship between the thickness of the sleeve at its top and bottom, an "area factor" (which is directly proportional to its heat transfer capability), the material thermal conductivity, and its volume per unit length (which is directly proportional to its weight). One can specify the desired heat transfer capability of the sleeve and optimize (minimize) its weight. Conversely, one can specify the desired weight for the sleeve and optimize (maximize) its heat transfer capability.

Abstract: A counter flow heat exchanger comprising a plurality of tubes disposed in a bundle array or tube within tube configuration to enhance heat transfer between high and low pressure tubes in the array or tube in tube configuration. Also disclosed are a method of increasing the heat transfer capacity of a tube bundle heat exchanger and a liquid helium temperature refrigerator or a reliquefier utilizing the heat exchanger.

Abstract: The present invention is a variable flow, multiple pass heat exchanger for use in heating various liquids to include cooking oils. The apparatus is comprised of metallic tubing disposed in a baffled stacked configuration disposed within a combustion chamber or other heating element. The tubular configuration is disposed so as to permit the passage of fluid back and forth across the heating element in an upwardly direction and then to repeat this movement in a downwardly direction through a second tubular configuration. The device is capable of being constructed to permit as many passages as are necessary to achieve the desired result. Flow is controlled by varying the number of the tubular members between sucessive tube layers.

Abstract: A counter flow heat exchanger comprising a plurality of tubes disposed in a bundle array or tube within tube configuration to enhance heat transfer between high and low pressure tubes in the array or tube in tube configuration. Also disclosed are a method of increasing the heat transfer capacity of a tube bundle heat exchanger and a liquid helium temperature refrigerator or a reliquefier utilizing the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A plate evaporator comprises several heat exchange plates arranged substantially vertically in spaced face-to-face relationship to define between the plates evaporation passages alternating with heating medium passages. An increasing cross-sectional area and a decreasing perimeter of the evaporation passages are achieved by so arranging the two heat transfer surfaces of adjacent plates defining an evaporation passage that they diverge from each other in the flow direction of the medium to be evaporated and by decreasing the width of said heat transfer surfaces in said direction.

Abstract: A heat exchanger mainly for use with gas fired hot air blowers or convectors wherein the media taking part in the heat exchange are separated by a wall, a duct enclosed by the wall and constituting the flow area for the media and having a cross-sectional area diminishing in the direction of the flow and having detrusions on both sides of the wall.

Abstract: A counter flow heat exchanger comprising a plurality of tubes disposed in a bundle array or tube within tube configuration to enhance heat transfer between high and low pressure tubes in the array or tube in tube configuration. Also disclosed are a method of increasing the heat transfer capacity of a tube bundle heat exchanger and a liquid helium temperature refrigerator or a reliquefier utilizing the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Graphite mold blocks with liquid coolant sprays located in bores extending through the blocks. A sleeve for retarding the cooling of the mold adjacent the spray entrance ends of the bores serves to reduce the temperature differential along the height of the block.

Abstract: An auxiliary heater for a vehicle heating system of the type having a burner projecting into a combustion chamber delimited by a combustion tube from which combustion gases emerge and are introduced into an annular space through which the combustion gases flow in an opposite direction to an exhaust outlet, the annular space being bounded peripherally by a heat exchanger containing a heat-transferring medium, such as water. In order to improve the efficiency of such an auxiliary vehicle heater and to lower the temperature of the combustion gases leaving the exhaust outlet, the cross-sectional flow-through area of the annular space is reduced in the flow direction toward the exhaust outlet. Fins are provided which project into the annular space a distance that reduces in correspondence with the reduction in the cross-sectional area of the annular space. The reduction in the cross-sectional area of the annular space may be continuous or in steps.