Abstract: An actuator in an HVAC system is provided. The actuator includes a motor and a drive device. The drive device is driven by the motor and coupled to an HVAC component for driving the HVAC component between multiple positions. The actuator further includes a processing circuit. The processing circuit is coupled to the motor and configured to transmit control signals to operate the motor to drive the HVAC component between a first position and a second position, monitor temperature data received from one or more temperature sensors, determine that the temperature data does not meet an expected performance criterion and transmit an alarm signal.

Abstract: A central plant includes a plurality of subplants including a chiller configured to output supply water at a supply water temperature, a sensor configured obtain a measurement of the supply water temperature, and a control system. The control system is configured to calculate an additional load factor based on the measurement of the supply water temperature and a supply water temperature setpoint, obtain an actual load for the chiller, calculate an effective load based on the additional load factor and the actual load, generate load allocations for the plurality of subplants based on the effective load, and control the plurality of subplants to operate in accordance with the load allocations.

Abstract: A HEPA/VOC air handling system having a HEPA air filtration unit, an air handling unit, a fresh air sensor system, a return air sensor system, an air handling air sensor, and a controller.

Abstract: Electronic device for regulating a thermo-fluidic system for a building, including a heating/cooling system including mixing valves adapted to control flows of hot/cold water within said heating/cooling system, the device including a control unit adapted to: receive a main signal from a building management system; receive a predefined reference signal representative of a desired parameter for the building; receive environmental signals from environmental sensors placed in the building and adapted to measure environmental parameters of said building; issue a control signal towards an actuator associated with a respective mixing valve in order to modify the opening or closing thereof.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for simultaneous distributed temperature and vibration sensing using a multimode optical fiber (MMF) is disclosed. The distributed temperature and vibration sensing may include a single mode optical fiber (SMF) coupled to an MMF via a connection in which a central axis of the SMF is aligned with a central axis of the MMF. The connections provides of excitation of the fundamental mode within the MMF by light passing from the SMF into the MMF through the connection.

Abstract: An instrumentation system for monitoring one or more valves of an assembly includes one or more sensors coupled to the one or more valves, and a data processing arrangement for processing sensor signals generated by the one or more sensors to provide an indication of operation of said one or more valves. The one or more sensors and the data processing arrangement are operable to compute one or more risk factors {R) from the sensor signals indicative of operating reliability and/or safety of the one or more valves. The instrumentation system is, for example, suitable for use with valves of the X-mas tree (Christmas tree) assembly for oil and gas production, for example in a sub-sea environment.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle device for a vehicle has a compressor, a first pump, a high-pressure side heat exchanger, a heating medium-outside air heat exchanger, and a controller. The compressor draws and discharges a refrigerant. The first pump draws and discharges a first heating medium. The high-pressure side heat exchanger heats the first heating medium by exchanging heat between a high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor and the first heating medium. The heating medium-outside air heat exchanger exchanges heat between the first heating medium and outside air. The controller controls operation of the compressor and the first pump. The controller activates the first pump when an activation request of the compressor is made. The controller activates the compressor, after activating the first pump, when it is determined or estimated that a temperature of the first heating medium is lower than or equal to a first predetermined value.

Abstract: The invention relates a method for air conditioning of an IT environment which comprises hardware IT devices, computers, memories, telecommunication devices and peripheral devices, wherein a refrigeration supply system of the IT environment has a free cooler, refrigerators and an air circulation system which is operated by means of fans and contains heat exchangers for drawing off the heat generated by the hardware, wherein the method includes the following steps: determining a basic desired value for the feed air temperature of the IT environment on the basis of the existing hardware-configuration, measuring at least one parameter of the hardware which represents a disturbance variable which has a direct or indirect effect on the feed air temperature, and storing the measured value of the parameter, ascertaining a desired value for the feed air temperature from the measured parameter value of the hardware, and raising the target value for the feed air temperature until a critical parameter value is measured,

Abstract: A method for curing at least in part a photoresist applied to a substrate comprises the following steps: The substrate coated with the photoresist is arranged on a support. The photoresist is subjected to a suitable temperature for curing the photoresist for a first predetermined time period. After the first predetermined time period has passed, the substrate is lifted from the support, rotated, re-placed onto the support and subjected to a suitable temperature for curing the photoresist for a second predetermined time period. This method can be performed with a device for curing at least in part a photoresist applied to a substrate, comprising a chamber, a support which is arranged in the chamber and on which the substrate can be arranged, and a rotating device for rotating the substrate between a first and a second phase of the curing of the photoresist.

Abstract: In an air-conditioning apparatus including a refrigerant circulating circuit A and a heat medium circulating circuit B that performs passing of heat to and from the refrigerant circulating circuit A, the heat medium circulating circuit is a closed circuit, the maximum pump head Pp of a pump of the heat medium circulating circuit is 150 kPa or more, and a pressure near at least a suction side of the pump is set to a charged pressure that is maintained equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure during operation of the pump.

Abstract: An adaptive capacity constraint management system receives a measured value affected by HVAC equipment at actual operating conditions and uses the measured value to determine an operating value for a variable that affects a capacity of the HVAC equipment at the actual operating condition. The system uses the operating value to calculate a gain factor for the variable relative to design conditions and uses the calculated gain factor to determine a capacity gain for the HVAC equipment relative to the design conditions. The system applies the capacity gain to a design capacity limit for the HVAC equipment to determine a new capacity limit for the HVAC equipment at the actual operating conditions. The system may use the new capacity limit as a constraint in an optimization routine that that selects one or more devices of the HVAC equipment to satisfy a load setpoint.

Abstract: A heating and cooling system for use with hot, cold and source fluid circuits. A conduit module couples a heating/cooling module with the fluid circuits. The conduit module includes four three-way valves to communicated fluid from and to the fluid circuits to first and second heat exchangers in the heating/cooling module. The first heat exchanger is used to heat a fluid flow and the second one chills a second fluid flow. The conduit module simultaneously supplies a hot fluid flow to a hot fluid circuit and a cold fluid to a cold fluid circuit. The source fluid is routed by the conduit module.

Abstract: A controller for a chiller and a method for controlling a chiller are provided. The method may include receiving, by a controller, a target value of a control factor of the chiller; comparing, by the controller, the received target value with a current value of the control factor of the chiller; transmitting, by the controller, a control factor value change command to the chiller if the received target value is not equal to the current value of the control factor of the chiller; receiving, by the controller, a changed current value of the control factor from the chiller; updating, by the controller, the current value of the control factor on a management screen with the received changed current value of the control factor; and comparing, by the controller, the received target value with the current value of the control factor again.

Abstract: An energy-saving optimized control system for a chiller plant room comprises an industry control computer, a flow sensor, a temperature sensor, an outdoor temperature and humidity sensor, a three-phase active power transmitter, a water pump variable speed driver and a cooling tower fan variable speed driver, which are respectively connected with a programmable controller, wherein the programmable controller communicates with the industrial control computer through an industrial Ethernet; and an RS485 communication interface module is connected with chillers and communicates with the industrial control computer through a ModBus protocol. An energy-saving optimized control method for a chiller plant room is also provided.

Abstract: An electric energy store having a thermally insulated chamber that has a process gas inlet and a process gas outlet is provided. The thermally insulated chamber is equipped with at least two stacks, each of which has at least one electrochemical storing cell, and each stack has a process gas inlet and a process gas outlet. The at least two stacks are serially connected with respect to the process gas flow.

Abstract: A method for adjusting the setpoint temperature of a heat transfer medium circulating in a heating or cooling system (9) inside a building or at least inside a surrounding part of a building. The heating or cooling circuit includes a plurality of heat transferring units, each with a temperature controlled valve. A sum opening degree (OD) of all temperature controlled valves is determined in a time dependent manner and a setpoint temperature Tw,ref of heat transferring medium is controlled according to a predetermined sum opening degree (OD) of all temperature controlled valves. A heating system (9) is provided for supplying heat to a building or a part of the building via a liquid heat transfer medium circulated in a circuit. The heating system (9) includes heat transferring units, each being equipped with a temperature controlled valve. The system is controllable according to the method for adjusting the setpoint temperature.

Abstract: To provide an air-conditioning apparatus that can prevent the formation of frost on indoor-side heat exchangers functioning as an evaporator even when the outside air temperature is low, and can use unmodified normal indoor units even when a portion of the indoor units is used in a place that has a large sensible heat load. An air-conditioning apparatus capable of simultaneous heating and cooling operation includes a heat source unit, a plurality of indoor units, and a relay unit that connects the heat source unit to the indoor units. A flow control unit that controls a flow amount of a refrigerant that flows through the indoor units that are in cooling operation is provided to a piping on the downstream side of a merging section of a piping through which flows the refrigerant that flows out from the indoor units that are in cooling operation.

Abstract: A method is provided for adjusting several parallel connected heat exchangers supplied with a coolant medium. The aim of the invention is to simplify the adjustment. For this purpose, the method consists in a) determining a specific value of heat requirement for each heat exchanger in a predetermined time period; b) comparing the specific values of all heat exchangers therebetween and c) in modifying the adjustment of the heat exchanger having the lowest specific value of heat requirement in such a way that the heat requirement thereof is increased.

Abstract: Disclosed is an automatic switching two pipe hydronic system for conditioning a space. In one embodiment the two pipe hydronic system enables automatic switching from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operation or vice versa in a reduced span of time. The present invention saves fuel, energy and water, when there are lower load conditions that affect boilers, chillers, and cooling towers. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a system for simultaneously heating and cooling a first portion and a second portion of a space by utilizing a plurality of boilers, chillers, heat exchangers, condenser pumps and closed loop pumps by using a plurality of sensors indicating the temperatures inside and outside the space and a controlling module controlling the operation of the system. The present invention can be easily achieved by making minor configurational modifications to existing systems thereby increases system versatility.

Abstract: A post-exposure baking apparatus comprising a supporting member, a heating member, and a cooling member is disclosed. A wafer is disposed on the supporting member and a photoresist layer is formed on the wafer. The heating member comprises electrical heating wires and is adapted to apply heat to the wafer to chemically amplify an acid generated in the photoresist layer through an exposure process using deep ultraviolet light. The cooling member is adapted to cool an outer edge of the wafer to suppress the amplification of the acid at the outer edge of the wafer.

Abstract: A control system for controlling delivery of either heated or cooled water over a common water line to a plurality of heat exchangers. The control system includes a hydronic system controller which polls the heating or cooling demands of zone controllers controlling the respective delivery of water to the individual heat exchangers. The hydronic system controller is operative to implement a changeover between delivery of heated water to delivery cooled water or vice versa. The implemented changeover preferably includes checking the temperature of the water being returned to the source or sources for heating or cooling the water as well as defining a changeover time period which must occur in the event that the temperature of the water in the return line is not within a predefined range.

Abstract: A method of cooling a plurality of devices operated in parallel and heated by relatively long duration pulses using a single coolant flow channel to the devices in series that transports the heat from the several devices in a contiguous series of heat pulses to the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A cooling system is configured to supply individually metered amounts of cooling fluid to heat generating components, e.g., processors, micro-controllers, high speed video cards, disk drives, semi-conductor devices, and the like, of an electronic system. The cooling system includes at least one variable speed fan, e.g., blower, configured to supply fluid through a centralized plenum and thereafter through a plurality of nozzles to the components of the electronic system. Each of the nozzles contains a valve to control the amount of fluid flow through the each of the nozzles. A controller is provided to control the operation of the variable speed fan and the operation of each of the valves is also controlled by a controller.

Abstract: A thermal reservoir for a two-pipe hydronic air-conditioning system is disclosed. Said thermal reservoir includes a well-insulated tank for alternatively storing hot and cold water. Said thermal reservoir contains plurality of valves for directing hot water stored therein into the two-pipe hydronic air-conditioning system, thereby causing cold water within the two-pipe hydronic air-conditioning system to be displaced therefrom and into well insulated storage tank. Said process is fully reversible in that cold water displaced from the two-pipe hydronic air-condition system into said thermal reservoir may be subsequently directed from the thermal reservoir and restored to the two-pipe hydronic air-conditioning system and hot water therefrom directed back into storage. Accordingly a two-pipe hydronic air-conditioning system may be switched between heating and cooling modes with rapidity and without waste of the energy content of said hot water and said cold water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a controlling method of the discharge of coolant medium, and more particularly to a controlling method of the discharge of coolant medium in the heat exchange wind box. By mainly controlling the discharge of coolant medium in the heat exchange wind box, it is able to directly control the volume of discharged coolant medium that supplies the circulation need of the heat exchange tube according to the variations of the target volumes of environmental heat energy in the freezing and air-conditioning area. Therefore, it increases the operation efficiency of the freezing and air-conditioning equipment and achieves the heat balance stability of the freezing and air-conditioning area. Furthermore, by saving the circulated volume of the coolant medium, it achieves the energy saving objective.

Abstract: An environmental air treatment system has a living space, a rooftop combination air intake and exhaust housing with an internal hollow chamber, and a thermal exchange unit within the chamber forming intake and exhaust sides and openings. A plurality of ducts form a continuous duct work system and have a plurality of duct work registers. An air movement fan housing is coupled to the duct work and the registers. Within the fan housing are a plurality of components: a fan, fan motor, a plurality of heat exchange units, and a plurality of pipe connections coupling with the heat exchange units. A hot water source and a cold water source are coupled to the heat exchangers. A thermostat is electronically controlled. A plurality of water mixing valves are coupled in-line of the hot and cold water supply pipes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a controlling method of the discharge of coolant medium, and more particularly to a controlling method of the discharge of coolant medium in the heat exchange wind box. By mainly controlling the discharge of coolant medium in the heat exchange wind box, it is able to directly control the volume of discharged coolant medium that supplies the circulation need of the heat exchange tube according to the variations of the target volumes of environmental heat energy in the freezing and air-conditioning area. Therefore, it increases the operation efficiency of the freezing and air-conditioning equipment and achieves the heat balance stability of the freezing and air-conditioning area. Furthermore, by saving the circulated volume of the coolant medium, it achieves the energy saving objective.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-stage pressure distribution and pressure regulation system for heating and air conditioning piping units, a pressure control method of the same, and a very high-rise building utilizing the same, wherein head pressure that is critical in heating and air conditioning piping units of an very high-rise building can be stably and correctly controlled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a temperature controllable gas distributor which includes a cover having a first passage between its upper cover and lower cover, a second passage embedded along an edge portion of the upper cover, a first heater installed in the second passage, a support portion welded around the cover, and a distributing plate fixed at a lower portion of the support portion. The distributing plate includes a plurality of nozzles, and a third passage which is a passage of fluid is formed in the interior of the distributing plate 201. Second and third heaters are installed in the third passage. In the gas distribution apparatus according to the present invention, since it is possible to control the temperature of the cover and the distributing plate, namely, the entire portions contacting with gas, an abnormal reaction and liquefaction of a source gas can be prevented.

Abstract: A control system for a reversible heat pump includes a system controller which polls the heating or cooling demands of zone controllers associated with a series of heat exchangers downstream of the heat pump. The system controller is operative to configure the heat pump in response to which of the demands is dominant. The system controller is also operative to change the configuration of the heat pump in response to a change in dominant demand. The implemented change in heat pump configuration is preferably premised on the temperature of water returned to the heat pump being within a predefined range of temperature. The return water temperature requirement may be overriden by the system controller if an acceptable period of time for allowing the returning water temperature to reach an acceptable temperature level has elapsed.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for heating gas in which a flow rate D0 of a warm fluid is caused in an input line, connected at its upstream portion to a source of warm fluid and at its downstream portion to the inlet of one of the passages of a heat exchanger; a portion of the flow D0 is diverted before it reaches the inlet of the first passage, into a branch line connected at its upstream portion to a so-called primary point of the inlet line located between the source of warm fluid and the inlet of the first passage; the gas to be heated is caused to circulate in another passage of the exchanger, so as to effect heat exchange between the gas to be heated and the warm fluid, thereby to obtain at the outlet of the second passage a warmed gas, and at the outlet of the first passage, a cooled warm fluid; the temperature of the warmed gas is controlled by the aid of a flow rate regulating valve located in a selected position in the inlet or outlet line.

Abstract: Unit for distribution and/or collection of cold and/or of heat, including: (a) a main exchanger (1) of heat between a refrigerant fluid (2, 21, 22) and a heat transfer fluid (3); (b) a means for producing cold with a means for heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid; (c) a closed main circuit (3) for continuous free circulation of the heat transfer fluid; (d) at least one heat transfer fluid drawing loop (7 to 11); characterized in that the flow cross-section of the main circuit (3), the maximum refrigerating power of the means for producing cold, Pmax, expressed in W, and the main heat exchanger (1) are sized relative to one another in order to satisfy, in operation, approximately the relationship: P.sub.Max =f.sub.m .times.c.times..DELTA.T, in which: f.sub.m is the mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid, expressed in kg/s; c is the mass heat of the heat transfer fluid, in liquid form, expressed in J/kg/.degree.K.; .DELTA.

Abstract: A flexible process controller for coordinating the operations of various equipment is disclosed. Briefly stated, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, various parameters of the sub-systems in a HVAC system are monitored and made alterable or changeable. These parameters are transmitted to and controlled by a flexible process controller which thereafter cooperates with a motor drive controller. Logic incident to and resident in the flexible process controller consider the various parameters monitored and allow the user or the system to minimize power consumption amongst one or more of the sub-systems while maximizing efficiency and operability.