Abstract: Cooling water for compression apparatus (1) is cooled by an air-refrigerated apparatus (18). Makeup water which is cooler than the water treated by this apparatus passes first through a heat exchanger (8) mounted on the delivery conduit of the compression apparatus, then supplies the refrigeration apparatus (18). Use in air distillation installations.

Abstract: A method for reducing the amount of water vapor in gas exhausted from closed loop evaporative heat exchange systems wherein the low energy air which has been warmed and moistened within the heat exchange system is mixed with cooler air to condense moisture out of the low energy air for recovery and reuse. Various methods and apparatus for controlling and effecting the mixing are disclosed.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section and a direct evaporative heat exchange section. A uniform temperature evaporative liquid is downwardly sprayed into the indirect section to indirectly exchange sensible heat with a hot fluid stream flowing within a series of enclosed circuits which comprise the indirect evaporative heat exchange section. After the evaporative fluid descends through the entire indirect heat exchange section and absorbs heat, it is distributed across fill media within the direct evaporative heat exchange section for cooling. Separate streams of ambient cooling air are simultaneously drawn into each of the heat exchange sections to evaporatively cool the evaporative liquid flowing within each section. The water cooled in the direct heat exchange section is then collected in a sump where it is allowed to mix and resultantly become uniform in temperature before being redistributed.

Abstract: A natural draft cooling tower for condensing turbine steam of a power plant is comprised of identical sectors assembled to form the cooling tower. A central steam inlet line terminates in radial distributing lines. Each sector has one of the radial distributing lines. Each sector has first heat exchanger elements operating in a condensational manner and second heat exchanger elements operating in a dephlegmational manner, with the second heat exchanger elements arranged downstream of the first heat exchanger elements. The second heat exchanger elements are each provided with a fan. Each sector has an inert gas line connected to the second heat exchanger elements and a condensate removal line connected to the first and the second heat exchangers. Each sector further comprises an independent support frame for supporting the first and the second heat exchanger elements.

Abstract: A condensing apparatus for a steam cooking device comprising a heat exchanger for collecting steam from the cooking chamber of a steam cooking device and means for condensing the steam in the heat exchanger.

Abstract: There is disclosed a new and improved single-row, two-pass steam condensing bundle used for condensing steam in air-cooled vacuum steam condensers in power plant applications and the like. The new bundle is divided into a plurality of identically built mini-bundle sets. Each mini-bundle set has one centrally located 2nd-pass tube with symmetrically placed 1st-pass tubes positioned on either side of it. The steam leaving each 1st-pass tube is controlled by a flow equalizing device installed at the end of the tubes. The flow of the noncondensible gas mixture leaving each 2nd-pass tube is controlled by an individual orifice in the gas piping system. The larger the number of mini-bundle sets incorporated into the bundle, the greater its counterflow freeze protection feature.

Abstract: A dry-operated chimney cooling tower suitable for cooling warm water from a power station and operating with a natural draft, is provided with downstream jalousies to assist in frost protection and energy conservation. These jalousies can be capable of forming a "diving bell" like enclosure around air radiators to contain warmed air therearound.

Abstract: For multi-cell, mechanical draft, vacuum steam condensers, a design of a noncondensible gas removal system that isolates bundles and fan cells from external/internal influences and gas/vapor interchange and allows bundles to operate in a reverse air-flow direction, all of which promotes freeze protection and improved performance.

Abstract: A cooling system for condensing the exhaust steam of steam turbine plants, particularly of power plants, comprises a mixing condenser connected to the outflow of the steam turbine, a dry cooling tower connected to the cooling water circuit of the mixing condenser, and a wet cooling apparatus provided inside the cooling tower.Although wet cooling apparatus seem to be suitable to additionally increase the cooling performance of the cooling tower and, thereby, its effective operation even in case of exceptionally high ambient temperatures, the air exiting from them is cooler than the air flowing in through the main heat exchangers of the cooling tower and, therefore, the draft of the latter suffers deterioration when the two air streams mix one with the other. It means that the effectiveness of complementary cooling is may be impaired.

Abstract: Dehumidifying heat exchanger apparatuses are disclosed in several variations which may economically condense and separate a potable water product from a humid air stream. Water product extraction yields may be substantially enhanced by new uses of electrostatic and magnetic fields. Liquid water droplets are electrostatically collected on grounded or charged heat transfer tubes in the heat exchanger apparatuses. In one variation, charged or grounded horizontally-declined heat transfer tubes with attached drainage wicks attract liquid droplets and accelerate condensing heat transfer by continuous absorption and transfer of condensate. Both cascading liquid droplets and aerosol injection of fine liquid droplets may be used to provide convenient seed nuclei for condensing attachment of water vapor molecules in other variations.

Abstract: There is disclosed a new and improved cooling system and method for cooling the air in an enclosed space. The cooling system includes a cooling tower having a plurality of fans arranged to cool a first fluid and a chiller including a condenser thermally coupled to the first fluid, a compressor, and an evaporator. The chiller further includes first conduit means for carrying a refrigerant. A chilled fluid loop including second conduit means circulates a second fluid through the evaporator for cooling the second fluid and is arranged to flow air over the second conduit means and into the enclosed space for cooling the air in the enclosed space. Fan control means controls the speed of the cooling tower fans to minimize the total power consumption of the fan motors and the compressor.

Abstract: A cross-flow type cooling tower comprises a cooling tower main body, a water tank placed at the upper part of the main body, a plurality of closed type heat exchanging units arranged in the main body in substantially horizontal manner and in parallel to each other in multi-stage below the water tank, a supplying header placed near an air discharge opening of the main body, which is detachably connectable to supplying ports of the heat exchanging units, a discharge header placed near an air intake opening of the main body, which is detachably connectable to discharge ports of the heat exchanging units, wherein the water tank is divided into a first water receiving part near the air intake opening and a second water receiving part near the air discharge opening by way of a partition wall, and a switching valve is provided at at least a water feeding pipe to the second water receiving part.

Abstract: An improved steam power system comprising a turbine for converting steam energy into mechanical energy upon expansion of steam therein, a boiler for generating steam to be fed to the turbine, and a conduit arrangement coupling the boiler to the turbine input and then coupling the turbine exhaust to the boiler through air cooled steam condensing mechanisms, the condensing mechanisms including a plurality of U-shaped tubes through which the expanded steam flows and is condensed; front header means at the input ends of the tubes located in the cooler ambient air exposed regions of the tubes for receiving exhaust steam from the turbine; rear header means at the output ends of the tubes located in the warmer unexposed regions of the tubes for receiving condensate and non-condensible gasses; and means in the rear headers to remove non-condensible gasses from the rear headers, the tubes being designed and constructed to protect the tubes from freezing for lack of steam by employing a tube arrangement that flows stea

Abstract: Air condensers are liable to suffer from undercooling which may entail frost damages and represents, in any case, thermo-dynamic losses. In order to prevent undercooling the working length (X) of the cooling surfaces of the air condensers (10) are controlled by shutters (28) which are associated with a drive mechanism (30) operated dependent on the temperature difference of condensates withdrawing from a first and a further row of tubes (18, 20) of the air condensers. By shutters (46) located in a gap (44) between the air condensers (10) the cooling air is enabled to recirculate whereby danger of frost and undesired risings of the temperature level of condensation may be avoided and impeded, respectively. A casing (68) encompassing the air condensers (10) and provided with shutters (64, 66) at its bottom and top permits starting without danger of frost likewise by means of recirculation. (FIG.

Abstract: The invention provides flat, thin and hollow heat exchanger units of synthetic resin make, each operating to have a cooling water fed thereto and air flowed horizontally in an air passage therebetween, thus realizing an indirect contact heat exchange between the air and the cooling water through both wall plates. The invention further relates to a crossflow cooling tower incorporating a wet heat exchanger or packing material and an indirect contact type heat exchanger operating on the afore-mentioned heat exchanger units.

Abstract: The heat exchanger has a zig-zagged liquid-flowing passage and an overflowed-liquid escaping conduit. When an excessive amount of cooling water is supplied to the heat exchanger, a part of cooling water flows into the overflowed-liquid escaping conduit through a dam formed between the liquid-flowing passage and the escaping conduit. The heat exchanger is formed by assembling a plurality of heat exchanging partition plates formed by molding. The heat exchanging partition plates have the same shape and the same dimensions, and they are easily engageable with and detachable from each other.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus having a first header for receiving fluid from a source, flexible thin-walled tubular plastic heat exchange elements defining a plurality of passages through a heat exchange zone and second header means for receiving fluid from said plastic heat exchange elements after passing through said heat exchange zone. Support elements are provided, supporting and rigidifying the flexible thin-walled tubular plastic heat exchange member. The plastic heat exchange element defining said plurality of passages is radially expandable by pressure of fluid from said source to avoid scale formation.

Abstract: In a cooling apparatus operated by ambient air and an agent to be cooled which can have solid state at atmospherical temperatures, a housing such as a cooling tower (100) with air inlets and air closure means at the air inlets and large surface heat exchangers (3) arranged within the cooling tower (100) at its air inlets and divided into groups or sectors being in parallel connection are provided, with which the agent is cooled by the air streaming through the large surface heat exchangers (3). At least one pre-heating heat exchanger (20) is arranged in the air space (29) of each sector of the large surface heat exchangers (3), and the pre-heating heat exchangers (20) are in parallel connection with the large surface heat exchangers (3) of each sector.

Abstract: In an air-cooled surface condensor including a plurality of elongated finned heat exchanger tubes arranged in a single row, each tube has a continually increasing cross-sectional area from a front end to a rear end of the tube in the direction of flowing of cooling air. A separating wall provided with perforations is mounted within each tube.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus having a first header for receiving fluid from a source, flexible thin-walled tubular plastic heat exchange elements defining a plurality of passages through a heat exchange zone and second header means for receiving fluid from said plastic heat exchange elements after passing through said heat exchange zone. Support elements are provided, supporting and rigidifying the flexible thin-walled tubular plastic heat exchange member. The plastic heat exchange element defining said plurality of passages is radially expandable by pressure of fluid from said source to avoid scale formation.

Abstract: A heat exchanger unit comprises a support on which is positioned a plurality of stays mounted at spaced locations. A horizontally extending bracket is secured to each of the stays and a plurality of connected heat exchanger plates are suspended from their upper ends from the brackets. The plates have heat media carrying channels which are joined together. The support advantageously comprises a steel ring to which the brackets are attached and which extend radially inwardly also radially outwardly. The heat exchanger plates are rectangularly shaped and are suspended from each bracket so that it hangs freely downwardly. Wire guards extend between the plates to prevent them from deflecting and contacting each other. The construction permits the elimination of spaced support elements which interfere with free heat exchange flow between the plates.

Abstract: In finned tube arrangements for cooling a medium which flows in the finned tubes by a second medium which flows outside of the finned tubes and transversely thereof, flow guide elements are positioned at the inflow side and/or at the outflow side of the finned tube arrangement to reduce the pressure loss and, possibly, increase the heat transfer coefficient.

Abstract: A natural-draft cooling tower having a plurality of preferably roof-shaped heat exchange elements for condensing the turbine exhaust steam from a power plant. A portion of the heat exchange elements are connected to operate as condensers, and another portion of the heat exchange elements are connected to operate as dephlegmators, reflux condensers or fractionating columns, with the latter being disposed downstream, when viewed in the direction of flow of the steam, of the heat exchange elements that operate as condensers. In order to assure a complete condensation, and a residual condensation in the heat exchange elements that operate as reflux condensers, under all weather and load conditions, the heat exchange elements that operate as reflux condensers are each provided with a respective fan, the conveying capacity of which can be regulated.

Abstract: There is disclosed an air-cooled vapor condenser having tube bundles mounted over the open end of the fan ring of an axial flow fan with their axes of the tubes inclined with respect to the direction of air flow and fins on the tubes which extend parallel to the direction of air flow.

Abstract: A heat exchanger capable of use as a counter-flow heat exchanger comprises a series of conduits for a first fluid, the conduits being arranged in panels that are spaced apart. The intervening spaces are traversed by a second fluid, and surface-extending elements are located in such spaces, each surface-extending element comprising a sheet from which portions have been pressed out to define a number of knuckles that are located in heat-transmitting contact with a conduit panel on one side of the space. At least some of the knuckles may be secured to the conduit panel.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprises a plurality of coil units to form a substantially rectangular prism. Each of the coil units is supported by a pair of supporting frame members through a pair of electrically insulating spacers without direct contact with the supporting frame members.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is disclosed having a coil positioned between an outer casing member with a bottom having a sump formed therein and an inner casing member containing a rotatable shaft to which a fan is mounted. The fan has a first stage or set of blades which pushes air from the outside down over the coils and a second stage or set of blades having a pitch opposite the first set for pulling the air up through the inner casing member to exhaust. A distributor having a pump which operates on centrifugal force is also provided which draws a liquid heat transfer medium preferably water from the sump and rotates with the fan blades to effectively "sling" the medium over the coils as the fan rotates.

Abstract: A wet atmospheric cooling tower has a vertical chimney defining an air path from air inlet openings at the lower end thereof for admitting atmospheric air to an exhaust opening at the upper end thereof, a stationary packing extending circumferentially without any gap across the air path, and a distributor for spraying water to be cooled onto the packing from above. Water is cooled down by air while it flows down across the packing. For dry air-water heat exchange air ducts extend through the packing and open into the air path in a zone which is downstream of the packing. The heat exchanger includes a two dimensional network of passages arranged to receive atmospheric air only and distributed according to a two dimensional network.

Abstract: In a wet type or wet/dry type cooling tower, water discharged from water distributing means after its passage cooling air heat exchanger is intercepted by an array of parallel water guiding plates. Each guiding plate has a sloping upper part which covers the gap between opposite plates and an upright lower part defining a substantially horizontal transition region with the upper part. A plurality of inclined channel like embossments is formed in the upright lower part. The embossments extend one above the other between a lateral edge of the upright lower part and the transition region. At least one water collecting channel extends in transverse direction along the lateral edges of the upright lower part to collect water discharged from the inclined embossments and transfer the collected water to a recirculation device.

Abstract: A heat exchange element of the air-tube type for a heat exchanger unit. The heat exchange elements are connected via flexible connecting lines with the liquid supply and withdrawal channels, which are separated from the heat exchange elements. Together with these channels, the elements are supported on a support structure which has a relatively large open support interval. The heat exchange elements have a relatively short dimension in the longitudinal direction of the tubes through which the air flows. So that no tension forces occur at the transition surfaces between the elements and the walls of the liquid supply and withdrawal channels, the top and bottom surfaces of the heat exchange elements are curved in a dish-shaped manner.

Abstract: A forced-air cooled condenser system having a plurality of heat exchange elements, preferably roof-shaped heat exchange elements with a steam distribution line which forms the ridge of the elements. Cooling air is supplied to the heat exchange elements via fans. The heat exchange elements are disposed directly next to a turbine housing, and are disposed parallel to one another. In order to prevent the danger of a recirculation of the warm air which emerges from the heat exchange elements, a concentrated air draft in the form of a sort of aerodynamic wall is blown out along at least that edge of the condenser system which extends parallel to the turbine housing. The velocity of flow of the air draft is greater than the exit velocity of the cooling air from those heat exchange elements which are disposed in the middle.

Abstract: A wet deck fill sheet is disclosed for use in making a wet deck fill for use in evaporative counterflow heat exchangers. One aspect of the sheet is that it includes transverse corrugations formed in at least one of the top and bottom edges of the sheet. Another aspect is the provision of a staggered array of substantially vertical spacers extending from one face of the sheet to space the sheet a predetermined distance from an adjacent sheet in the wet deck fill. The spacers are aligned to provide for substantially equalized air flow along the length of the sheet in a horizontal direction between the sheets as the air travels upward through the deck. Another aspect of the invention includes providing in the sloping walls of the major face corrugations formed in the fill sheets a plurality of substantially horizontal air turbulence increasing and water spreading means to increase the interaction of air and water to provide improved thermal performance.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus which utilizes the solar heat, hot spring water or underground water comprises a cylindrical main body, an internal cylinder placed in the main body, a blower provided in an upper part of the internal cylinder, an air intake, a number of radially arranged air exhaust tubes, ring shaped upper and lower heat exchange compartments, and chambers formed between heat exchange compartments, on and under the upper and lower heat exchange compartment, upper and lower chambers are connected by coil tubes placed in heat exchange compartments, the outer coil tubes and inner coil tubes are successively connected so that each of connected coil tubes has the same overall length, which improves efficiency of heat exchange between air and water which are caused to move in a counterflow fashion.

Abstract: A method for controlling the temperature of water to be fed into a water cooling tower in which when the driving power required to drive motors to be controlled is in excess of the power which can be derived from a frequency converter, some of the motors are driven by a constant-frequency power supply while the remaining motors are driven by the frequency converter. Therefore, the temperature of water to be fed into the water cooling tower can be continuously controlled without increasing the capacity of the frequency converter.

Abstract: A forced-air cooled condenser system having a plurality of roof-shaped heat exchange elements of finned tubes, to which cooling air is supplied via fans, and to which the steam which is to be condensed is supplied via a steam distribution line which forms the ridge of the elements. The heat exchange elements, which are located directly adjacent to the turbine housing, are disposed next to one another or side by side. The ridges of the heat exchange elements are disposed parallel to one another. In order to prevent the danger of a recirculation of the warm air which leaves the heat exchange elements, that heat exchange element which is spaced the furthest from the turbine housing is disposed higher than the heat exchange elements which are located therebetween. This is preferably accomplished via higher supports than exist for the heat exchange elements located therebetween.

Abstract: A circumferentially banded fan that forces air through an adjacent heat exchanger and that has an air-guide housing positioned radially outside the band and extending downstream therefrom is disclosed. A plurality of elongated stationary members extend radially inwardly from the housing downstream from the fan blades, and the stationary members have a flow-control surface which removes the rotational component imparted to the airflow by the rotating fan blades. A tangent to the flow control surfaces at their radial center line forms an angle with the airflow exiting the blades which is substantially equal to the tangent-to-axis angle.