Abstract: A refrigerant condenser is set so that, if its condensation distance is L, the equivalent diameter of a tube having a linearly configured passage for the purpose of heat exchange is de (each dimension being in units of mm), and the number of times the direction change of the linearly configured passage for the purpose of heat exchange change is N, with de.ltoreq.1.15 and the relationship L=(N+1)W=400+1,180 de to 700+1,180 de satisfied, a high heat exchange efficiency is achieved. In this refrigerant condenser, it is possible to use a single long winding tube.

Abstract: A refrigerant condenser set so that a condensation distance L (mm) of the condenser falls between 400+1180 de and 700+1180 de where de (mm) is the equivalent diameter of the tubes forming the core. By setting the condensation distance L in this way, the heat exchange rate becomes higher and it is possible to determine the number of turns required for the distance L.

Abstract: An air cooled condenser is provided which improves the heat transfer in the dephlegmator pipes and reduces the risk of condensate back-up. A condensate outlet extending from the bottom end to the top is arranged in selected dephlegmator pipes. The cross section and the geometry of the condensate outlet is configured in accordance with the respective cross section geometry and the dimensions of the dephlegmator pipe. The length of the condensate outlet is preferably between 100 mm and 500 mm. By separating the steam phase and the condensate phase at the entrance to the dephlegmator pipes, a mutual disadvantageous influence of the two phases on each other is prevented. In particular, the frictional forces between the steam and condensate can be appreciably reduced. As a result, the back-up velocity, that is, the steam inlet velocity at which the condensate starts to back up, is appreciably reduced. Depending on the length of the condensate outlets, a condensate back-up or swallowing can be prevented entirely.

Abstract: There is disclosed a new and improved multi-row steam condensing bundle for use in air-cooled vacuum steam condensers employed in power plant applications and the like. Specific freeze protection design is directed to the first row of tubes in the bundle by employing blow-through steam. The excess steam that is not condensed in the first row is introduced into a second pass reflux row of tubes located in the protected warm air region of the bundle. All other tube rows in the bundle are of single pass design with divided rear headers except when the last two rows are configured in a similar two-pass arrangement that protects the exposed top tube row of the bundle from cold wind gusts. It is a mixed flow bundle design because some of the tube rows have counterflow steam and condensate while others have parallel flow.

Abstract: A refrigerant condenser is set so that, if its condensation distance is L, the equivalent diameter of a tube having a linearly configured passage for the purpose of heat exchange is de (each dimension being in units of mm), and the number of times the direction change of the linearly configured passage for the purpose of heat exchange change is N, with de.ltoreq.1.15 and the relationship L=(N+1)W=400+1,180 de to 700+1,180 de satisfied, a high heat exchange efficiency is achieved. In this refrigerant condenser, it is possible to use a single long winding tube.

Abstract: An air-cooled steam condensing module with an integral vent condenser has a steam header, one or more rows of condensing tubes between the steam header and a (generally lower) common condensate header. The module also has at least one row of vent condenser or dephlegmator tubes located adjacent the condensing tubes which connect the lower header to a vent header. The dephlegmator tubes may be of the same or larger diameter than the condensing tubes.

Abstract: A method for uniformly distributing the vapor conducted from a parallel flow condenser section of an air cooled condenser into the dephlegmator cubes of a subsequently arranged countercurrent condenser includes throttling gaseous fluids present at the ends of the dephlegmator tubes on the collector side when the gaseous fluids are withdrawn from the dephlegmator tubes. In the air cooled condenser for carrying out the method, at least the predominant majority of the dephlegmator tubes has resistance elements at or near where they connect to the gas collector.