Abstract: A rotating flow head (RFH) has a housing having an internal bore with diameter substantially equal to that of a riser and at least one flow port proximate one longitudinal end thereof. First and second arrays of radially extensible and retractable locking elements are disposed circumferentially around the RFH housing. The RFH has a bearing assembly (BA) housing having an exterior diameter selected to fit within the internal bore of the RFH housing so as to provide an annular space therein. The BA housing engages one of the arrays of locking elements when extended. A mandrel is rotatably, sealingly supported within the BA housing. Another end of the BA housing and the other array of locking elements provide longitudinal force on the BA housing when the other array is extended. A seal element disposed in the annular space is energized by the longitudinal force applied to the BA housing.

Abstract: A modular tree production tree assembly reduces the weight during transfer of the tree components from a barge to a production rig. The tree assembly includes an upper tree module, a lower tree module, and a choke bridge module. The upper tree module has a tree head, the lower tree module has a guidance system and ties in the flow lines to the in-field infrastructure, and the choke bridge module has the choke and instrumentation bridge to link the three components together. Prior to delivery to the rig, the components of the modular tree assembly may be joined together and tested on shore. Upon arrival at the rig, the components are individually lifted from the barge onto the rig by a crane. After the tree components are on the rig, the modular tree is reassembled and then deployed to the sea floor via the draw works.

Abstract: The present invention is directed a rotating flow control diverter having a riser adapter. The riser adapter allows the rotating flow control diverter to be positioned in a riser string below the drilling platform. The rotating flow control diverter has two flanged connections that connect to the flanged connections of riser pipe such that the rotating flow control diverter becomes an integral part of the riser string. The rotating flow control device has means to circulate lubricating fluid in the bearing assembly without the need for external feed lines.

Abstract: A method for removing a plug from and setting a plug into a subsea installation is provided. The method for removing the plug includes the steps of deploying an intervention package having at least one valve, pipe rams, and a lubricator into a subsea environment and latching the intervention package to the subsea installation. The method further includes lowering a stroking tool into the intervention package by conveyance from a surface facility, and grabbing the stroking tool with the pipe rams that form a part of the intervention package. Once the stroking tool is held by the pipe rams, the method further includes activating the stroking tool to stroke in an upwards or downwards direction to remove the plug positioned in the subsea installation. Once the plug has been removed by the stroking tool, the method further includes pulling the stroking tool out of the intervention package and retrieving the stroking tool and plug at surface.

Abstract: A subsea wellhead assembly having a net that protects the wellhead assembly from impacts with falling objects. The net can be deployed from a vessel onto a wellhead on the seafloor, or mounted onto a wellhead component above the sea surface and lowered with the wellhead component. The net can be retractable, so that an ROV can access the wellhead assembly by temporarily moving the net into a retracted configuration, then redeploying the net when finished accessing the wellhead assembly.

Abstract: A system, including a first module (35b) configured to process fluid from a well, wherein the first module (35b) includes a processing device coupleable to a manifold (5), a first access tunnel (4b) extending through the processing device, wherein the access tunnel (4b) is configured to provide access to the manifold (5), a processing input (18a), and a processing output (19a). Further provided is a method of assembling a manifold, including coupling a processing module (35b) to a manifold (5), wherein the processing module comprises an access tunnel (4b) through the processing module (35b) that enables access to the manifold (5) while the processing module (35b) is coupled to the manifold (5).

Abstract: An oil well sealing device that is submergible for sealing under water oil wells and a method for sealing underwater oil wells are described. The device comprises a housing having at least one lower opening at a lower end of the housing and at least one upper opening at an upper end of the housing; a pump sucking oil through the lower opening into the housing and pushing the oil through the upper opening out of the housing; and a closing element movable to close or open the upper opening.

Abstract: A locking tree cap for use on a subsea tree. The tree cap may be installed and retrieved using a remote operated vehicle. The tree cap may include deflectable collet fingers that lock the tree cap to a tree spool. The deflectable collet fingers may be adapted, such as with enlarged heads, to extend into recesses of the tree spool when the tree cap has been landed on the tree spool. The tree cap may be locked onto a tree spool before energizing sealing members within the bores of the subsea tree, thereby protecting the sealing members from damage during the installation of the tree cap onto the tree spool. The tree cap may include soft landing means such as a plastic cap, on the end of stabs to protect the sealing members as the tree cap is landed. The tree cap may include a secondary locking mechanism used to further secure the tree cap to the tree spool.

Abstract: A subsea well containment and intervention apparatus. The invention provides a rigid frame that includes a set of pilings for securely affixing the apparatus to the seafloor. Buoyancy modules included in the frame make the weight of the invention more manageable when in the water. Lifting eyes are provided on the frame for installation and removal. A series of tools are attached to the frame to eliminate the need for frequent trips to the surface to replace and replenish.

Abstract: Method to modify an existing subsea arranged oil production well having installed a hydraulically operated downhole valve, characterized in using coiled tubing technology to: arrange an electrically operated downhole pump in the production tubing, lock the hydraulically operated downhole valve in an open position by placing a sleeve body in the open positioned valve, arrange an electrically operated downhole valve above the downhole pump. A modified oil production well.

Abstract: An offshore universal riser system (OURS) and injection system (OURS-IS) inserted into a riser. The OURS/OUR-IS provides a means for pressurizing the marine riser to its maximum pressure capability and easily allows variation of the fluid density in the riser. The OURS-IS includes a riser pup joint with provision for injecting a fluid into the riser with isolation valves. The OURS includes a riser pup joint with an inner riser adapter, a pressure test nipple, a safety device, outlets with valves for diverting the mud flow, nipples with seal bores for accepting RCDs. The easy delivery of fluids to the OURS-IS is described. A method is detailed to manipulate the density in the riser to provide a wide range of operating pressures and densities enabling the concepts of Managed Pressure Drilling, Dual Density Drilling or Dual Gradient Drilling, and Underbalanced Drilling.

Abstract: A well production system including a wellhead and a first casing string supported from a first casing hanger landed on a shoulder in the wellhead bore. A loading shoulder assembly is installable in the wellhead and includes an energizing ring, a loading ring threaded into the interior of the energizing ring, a lock ring, and a hold-down ring threaded into the interior of the loading ring. The hold-down ring engages the first casing hanger to prevent rotation of the hold-down ring and restrain rotation of the loading ring. The lock ring is expandable from an unset position into supporting engagement with the wellhead in a set position upon rotation of the energizing ring. The hold-down ring is also moveable axially out of the loading ring to restrain the first casing hanger.

Abstract: An improved multi-bolt and nut torque wrench for installing and removing bolts or nuts from flanged joints or the like which includes a plurality of torque stations having a plurality of high torque wrenches for engaging the heads of the bolts or nuts during a high torque phase of removal or installation; a plurality of low-torque motors operatively engaged with the wrenches for rotating the bolts or nuts during the low torque phase of removal or installation; a source of hydraulic fluid for driving the low-torque motors during the low-torque phase, and driving the high-torque wrenches during the high torque phase; and a mechanism for switching between the two phases depending on the torque needed.

Abstract: Apparatus for improving the safety and recovery of wells to be installed in oil wells comprising a Deep Set Well Head (DSWH), a Casing Receptacle (1), a Deep Set Tubing Hanger (DSTH) (2), Sub-Surface Safety Valves (SSSVs) (12) (13) with one or two independent Control Lines and Connection elements between the DSTH and well head

Abstract: A subsea connector is disclosed. The connector includes a guide funnel assembly that may be coupled to a subsea structure. The guide funnel assembly may receive a shaft. The shaft may be coupled to a bend restrictor/limiter or a bend stiffener. The shaft may be received inside the guide funnel assembly. The shaft may include a recess. A latch assembly may be coupled to the guide funnel assembly. The latch assembly may include one or more dogs and a latch operating device. The dogs may be radially moveable in and out of the interior of the guide funnel assembly. The dogs may be inserted into the recess of the shaft to inhibit longitudinal axial movement between the shaft and the guide funnel assembly. The latch operating device may control the in and out radial movement of the dogs.

Abstract: An improved multi-well control system (MWCS) has a centrally based multi-well controller (MWC) in communication with one or more slave controllers and one or more electronic flow measurement devices (EFMs) for instant data monitoring and control of individual wells. The system also provides for an application host sub-system (AHSS) in communication with the MWC for historical and instant data retention. The system is capable of assigning one or more wells to a group for allocation purposes and organizing groups dependent on production levels of individual wells. The MWC is capable of tracking gas volumes produced by each well independent of groupings and communicating such data to the AHSS. The MWC provides monitoring and tracking data from one or more EFM devices and assigns total flow volume to individual wells. The entire MWCS can result in the reduction of manpower and an increase in overall production efficiency.

Abstract: A technique enables protection of subsea wells. The technique employs a subsea test tree designed to ensure control over the well in a variety of situations. The subsea test tree is formed with at least one shut-off valve to protect against unwanted release of fluids from the subsea test tree. The subsea test tree also is coupled with and controlled by a control system having a subsea control module mounted to an interior mandrel.

Abstract: Methods for deploying a subsea blowout preventer stack system comprising a lower marine riser package, a blowout preventer stack with a first ram blowout preventer, and an additional blowout preventer package releasably coupled to the blowout preventer stack and comprising a second ram blowout preventer. The subsea blowout preventer stack assembly can be deployed by coupling a drilling riser to the lower marine riser package that is releasably connected to the blowout preventer stack. The lower marine riser package and blowout preventer stack are then toward a subsea wellhead and then landed on the additional blowout preventer package that is coupled to the subsea wellhead.

Abstract: The invention relates to a manifold structure that includes a frame construction (1), a number of pipes (2), a pipe bend and possible valves, deployed in a pipe system having a number of pipe terminations projecting from the frame construction. The frame construction (1) is designed with a number of support brackets (5) for respective coupling parts associated with said pipe terminations. Each support bracket (5) is made as a separate, standardized unit that includes several securing means for releasable assembly to the frame construction, where each securing means is arranged for defined adjustability in height and lateral direction for adaption to a preinstalled pipe termination.

Abstract: Internal tree cap (201) (ITC) adapted to be installed in the bore of a subsea well unit (301) or to an internal tubular element (303) of the same, comprising a locking element (209) for releasably locking the internal tree cap (201) to said subsea well unit (301) or internal tubular element (303). The ITC further comprises a fluid channel (215) extending through a fluid barrier between the lower and upper part of the internal tree cap (201), which fluid channel (215) is blocked by a burst element (217) adapted to break and open for fluid flow through the fluid channel (215) when exposed to a predetermined pressure difference over the burst element (217). The invention also relates to an ITC running tool (101) and a locking mechanism (117) for supporting the ITC in the tool.

Abstract: A riser clamp (20) comprising a first jaw portion (211) and a second jaw portion (212) that can be opened and closed relative to each other. The jaw portions (211/212) each comprise a thermoplastic body (301/302) that can be, for example, injection molded pieces of polyethylene (e.g., HDPE). The jaw portions (211/212) can be connected by a hinge (39) that is integrally formed therewith. The clamp (20) can also include cradles (701/702) and caps (711/712) for holding auxiliary lines.

Abstract: A wellhead connection including first and second housings with the first housing partly within the second housing to form an annulus. The housings form a seal to a cylindrical inner bore when connected together. The first housing has a circumferential groove formed in its outer periphery. A radially expandable and contractable latch ring formed from latch ring segments is located in the annulus adjacent the circumferential groove. Radial actuators extend through the second housing to the latch ring segments to move the latch ring segments between a contracted position with the latch ring in contact with the circumferential groove, and an expanded position, with the latch ring out of contact with the circumferential groove. The upper and lower housings are adapted to lock the latch ring in the contracted position by applying a downward force on the latch rings, or by tightening the bottom connector to a wellhead member.

Abstract: A low-pressure wellhead system with tubular heads and mandrels secured independently using threaded unions. A casing mandrel is secured to a wellhead by a first threaded union. Likewise, a tubing head spool is secured to the casing mandrel using a threaded union. A tubing hanger is also secured to the tubing head spool using a threaded union. An adapter flange may also be secured to the tubing hanger by a threaded union. Because this low-pressure wellhead is faster and easier to assemble and provides full bore access, there is less rig downtime, thus rendering the well completion process faster and more economical.

Abstract: A downhole deployment system comprises a spoolable tubular member (76) adapted to be coupled to a subsea assembly and to extend to surface level. The deployment system also comprises a spoolable support member (96) adapted to extend through the spoolable tubular member (76) and into a wellbore. The spoolable tubular member (76) may define a conduit between the subsea assembly and the surface and the spoolable support member (96) may be utilised to extend through this defined conduit and into a wellbore, for example to deploy a tool into a wellbore, to engage a downhole tool or other object, for example for activation, retrieval or the like.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a subsea overload release system and method. The disclosure provides a releasable connection system than can be overridden during an overload condition, and is resettable in a subsea location in situ. During normal operation, a collet sleeve is slidably engageable with a collet having one or more fingers that can releasably couple a first member with a second member. During an overload condition, an overload piston acting on fluid in an overload reservoir causes an overload pressure and a rupture or other release of fluid through an overload pressure member, causing the overload reservoir to at least partially collapse. The collapse allows the system to extend and force open the fingers to disengage the second member from the first member. When the overload symptom is rectified, the overload reservoir can be reset and the overload pressure member reset or replaced without requiring repairs above sea surface.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an insulation shroud with internal support structure. In one illustrative embodiment, the insulation shroud includes a body adapted to be positioned around a subsea component, the body including an insulating material having an internal support structure positioned therein and a door.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus and methods for laying of elongate articles from a vessel. The vessel includes a tower (2), on which is supported tensioning means (20,21), straightening means (19), and a hold-off clamp (14). The hold-off clamp (14) is mounted independently of the tower on a trolley (13) which can be moved into and out of alignment with the laying axis of the tower while supporting the elongate article under laying tension. This enables the pipe string to be moved out of the line of the tower (2) for the fitting of equipment such as mid-line connectors and PLETs. Methods are disclosed for using the apparatus for fitting a connection to the elongate article being laid using cranes etc provided on the vessel to move the trolley (13) and hold the laid pipe string or connection.

Abstract: A technique utilizes a Y-tool (22) mounted at a subsurface installation (24) for subsea intervention operations. The Y-tool comprises a guide branch (30) and an open water branch (28) that each allows movement of intervention tools to the subsea installation. A tubular guide member can be coupled to the guide branch to enable movement of equipment down through the tubular guide member and into the Y-tool. Alternatively or in combination, other equipment can be moved down through the open water and into the Y-tool through the open water branch. The Y-tool further facilitates deployment of conveyances through the tubular guide and the guide branch to enable engagement of the conveyance with an intervention tool deployed through the open water and into the open water branch of the Y-tool.

Abstract: A subsea insulation device is described. The device includes a frame coupled to and at least partially enclosing a subsea component. A bag may be at least partially enclosed in the frame. The bag may substantially seal against at least one surface of the subsea component when the bag is at least partially inflated. A port may be attached to the bag. The port may allow the bag to be coupled to a fluid provider connector so that fluid can be provided into the bag to inflate the bag.

Abstract: A clamp for securing about annular casing via a centrally oriented aperture having a radius includes at least one aperture for grasping a longitudinally extending accessory disposed about the radius of the centrally oriented aperture and at least one fastening member for securing the longitudinally extending accessory about the clamp. At least one fastening member and at least one aperture act to secure a longitudinally extending accessory relative to the annular casing.

Abstract: A method of mounting a subsea control module (1) on a mounting plate (10) of an underwater tree of a subsea hydrocarbon well comprises lowering the module to the plate and attaching the module to the plate with an adapter (6) between it and the plate and with portions of the module being coupled with portions of the mounting plate.

Abstract: A technique facilitates the pumping of fluids in a subsea environment. A pumping system is formed by combining a submersible pump with a permanent magnet motor to power the submersible pump. The pumping system is positioned in cooperation with a subsea structure to improve the fluid flow and the functionality of the system in specific applications.

Abstract: A subsea production tree has an external annular profile formed on an upper portion of the tree. A vertical passage extending from a lower end of the tree to an upper end of the tree for communicating with a string of tubing extending into the well. A lateral passage in the tree extending from the vertical passage. A flow path in fluid communication with the lateral passage extends laterally from the tree, the flow path having an upward facing receptacle. An adapter lands on the upper portion of the tree and connects to the profile, the adapter having a passage that registers with the vertical passage of the tree while the adapter lands on the tree. A flow interface device mounts to and lands with the adapter, the flow interface device having an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit, one of the conduits being connected to the passage in the adapter, the other of the conduits stabbing into sealing engagement with the receptacle as the adapter lands on the tree.

Abstract: A wellhead seal unit for sealing a subsea oil and/or gas well at the wellhead. The unit comprises a sleeve, sealingly engaged to the workstring and to which, blow out preventer rams can engage. The unit allows the workstring to be rotated and reciprocated within the wellbore without releasing the seal. Methods of cleaning the sealed well and performing an inflow test are described.

Abstract: A technique for subsea operations utilizes a surface vessel to perform the installation and retrieval of submersible pumps or other tools with respect to a subsea well. A submersible pump is conveyed from a surface vessel to a subsea installation which is used to temporarily secure the submersible pump. Subsequently, the surface vessel is again used in cooperation with a conveyance to deliver the submersible pump to a desired location in a wellbore beneath the subsea installation.

Abstract: A system and method for carrying out simultaneous operations of assembling, dismantling, and maintaining equipment installed by an oil rig, using the tools, systems, and the areas available on the rig itself. The system includes two parallel and separated sustaining beams and two mobile bases supported on the beams to carry out the simultaneous operations. This system allows a method for simultaneously assembling two items of subsea equipment which are to be installed to be performed. Also, this system allows a method for simultaneously replacing and assembling subsea equipment to be performed. Additionally, the equipment can be lowered or recovered using either a derrick and pipe string or a winch and steel cable.

Abstract: A retrievable tree cap for use on a subsea tree having a concentric bore. The tree cap may be installed and retrieved using a remotely operated vehicle. Hydraulic pressure may be used to lock the tree cap onto the subsea tree and to set the tree cap seals. The tree cap is locked onto the subsea tree before setting the seals within the concentric bore. The tree cap includes a locking means that may engage a profile within the subsea tree regardless of the radial orientation of the tree cap. The tree cap may be used to hydraulically isolate an annulus bore from the production bore of the subsea tree. The tree cap may provide for the injection of a corrosion inhibitor within a cavity of the tree cap and may also provide for the removal of water trapped between the tree cap and the subsea tree.

Abstract: A guide system includes a flexible pipe and a plurality of bend restrictor members disposed along the flexible pipe. The bend restrictor members define a first channel and are operable to limit a degree of bending present in the first channel. An apparatus for interfacing with a subsea well includes a flexible pipe extending from a surface vessel to the subsea well. A plurality of bend restrictor members is disposed along the flexible pipe and defines a first channel. The bend restrictor members are operable to limit a degree of bending present in the first channel. Coil tubing extends from the surface vessel to the subsea well through the first channel.

Abstract: An underwater termination assembly for use with a subsea system such as a well tree, comprises a construction having first and second limbs substantially at a right-angle to each other, which construction may be lowered having an umbilical connected to one of the limbs so that said one of the limbs sits on the bed of a body of water.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for insulating a connector that connects a first tubular member having a first flange with a second tubular member having a second flange. The apparatus comprises a generally tubular body forming a generally tubular cavity therein adapted to enclose the connector. The body has a longitudinal opening adapted to receive the first tubular member and a closure member for closing said opening. The body and the closure member are lined with insulation and include first and second seals for sealing with the first and second flanges so as to seal around the connector.

Abstract: A running tool for coaxially setting together subsea wellhead housings, such as a high pressure wellhead housing within a low pressure wellhead housing. The tool includes a conically shaped body that is insertable within the inner most housing, a frame with a base, an axial bore and latches. The base perpendicularly rests on top of an inner housing and the latches extend from the base to connect with an outer housing. The bore is formed to accommodate the tool freely therethrough. Wedge shaped members are provided between the base and inner housing top having their wide ends contactable by the tool. Urging the tool through the bore pushes the wedges radially outward that imparts a force between the base and inner housing top in one direction. The attached latches apply an oppositely directed force onto the outer housing.

Abstract: A completion system, and a corresponding method, for completing a subsea well, where the well includes a wellhead and a tubing hanger disposed in the wellhead and supports a string of production tubing, allows for angular alignment-free assembly of the subsea well. The completion system includes a series of circumferential channels formed in a well completion device at a boundary between the tubing hanger and the well completion device. The circumferential channels provide complete circular fluid paths with respect to the tubing hanger and the well completion device. At least one supply bore is in communication with each circumferential channel and is and oriented to supply a fluid to the circumferential channel, and at least one drain bore in communication with each circumferential channel and is oriented to remove fluid from the circumferential channel. Finally a circumferential electrical connector couples the tubing hanger and the completion device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for subsea hydrocarbon recovery in which a wellbore is drilled using a base installed on the seabed, said base comprising a drilling guide, in which at least one pipeline is to be connected to a network for storage and/or processing operations. The method according to the invention includes the following steps: preparing a pre-assembly of a base and one or more pipelines, lowering and positioning the pre-assembly on the seabed, drilling the wellbore through the base, placing a connecting element between the wellbore and the pipeline.

Abstract: A modular control system consisting of multiple, remotely retrievable functional modules for controlling a blowout preventer stack. The various functional modules can be located on the lower marine riser package and blowout preventer stack positioned near the equipment with which they are associated, wherein this distribution of modules nearly eliminates the complex interface connection between the lower marine riser package and blowout preventer stack. Each of the functional modules is capable of being installed, retrieved or replaced with a single remotely operated vehicle (ROV) deployment from a vessel. The functional modules can be used to operate as a complete control system for a blowout preventer stack or can be used selectively individually or in various combinations to accommodate multiple control applications or upgrades of other control systems.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing operations on an offshore well includes a subsea wellhead assembly. A riser extends from the subsea wellhead assembly to a surface vessel. A tool connects to a running string and is lowered through the riser into the wellhead assembly for performing operations at the wellhead assembly. A subsea controller is located adjacent the subsea wellhead assembly. The subsea controller controls the operation of the tool. A surface controller is positioned on the surface vessel, and is in communication with the subsea controller via a control line extending downward from the surface controller to the subsea controller. The control line extends downward from the surface controller along an exterior of the riser.

Abstract: A latch assembly is connectable to a riser. A rotating control device can be positioned with the riser, sealing the rotating control device with the latch assembly and removably latching the rotating control device to the latch assembly and to the riser. The latch assembly can be remotely actuated. The latch assembly can provide an auxiliary safety mechanism to provide a backup actuation mechanism to unlatch the rotating control device from the latch assembly. The latch assembly can be bolted to the riser. Alternately, the latch assembly can be latched with the riser using a similar latching mechanism as used to latch the latch assembly to the rotating control device. A pressure transducer protector assembly can protect a transducer for monitoring wellbore pressure in the riser. A remote indicator panel can indicate the status of the latch assembly.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a modular actuator for subsea valves and equipment, and various methods of using same. In one illustrative embodiment, the actuator includes a hydraulic actuator, at least one housing and a self-contained hydraulic supply system positioned within the at least one housing.

Abstract: The invention comprises a sealing body (15)-separatingseparating device) which can be used to separate fluids in risers used in offshore oil production from drilling vessels at the sea surface. The invention is characterized in that the sealing body (15) can be placed in position above the wellhead (13) using several appropriate methods and, in an especially preferred application, by utilizing an installation tool (27) which is not sealing against the inner wall of the riser and which contains a suitable positioning means (28), and that the body (15) which forms a seal against the inner wall of the riser separates fluids during the replacement of drilling fluid with water and of water with drilling fluid. The body (15) can be displaced using hydraulic force upwards in the longitudinal direction of the riser in that fluid is pumped at a relatively high pressure down the externally located smaller pipes (9, 10, 11) of the riser.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for protecting wellheads of a fixed-leg drilling and production platform which provide an alternative from the shutting in of producing wells as currently required. The apparatus provides a structural barrier for the production process systems of the platform, shielding such systems from heavy objects which may be dropped in the course of rig mobilization and skidding procedures. A method of installing an embodiment of the apparatus allows the barrier to be installed without shutting in the production wells.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for installing electrically heated composite umbilicals within subsea flowlines containing produced hydrocarbons as immersion heaters to prevent waxes and hydrates from forming within the subsea flowlines that could block the flowlines. The electrically heated composite umbilicals may be installed, or retrofitted, into existing subsea flowlines. Such retrofitted electrically heated composite umbilicals provide an alternative for previously installed, but failed, permanent heating systems. A hydraulic pump installed on the distant end of an electrically heated composite umbilical also provides artificial lift for the produced hydrocarbons. Other electrically heated umbilicals used as immersion heaters are described. Such immersion heater systems may be removed from the well, repaired, and retrofitted into flowlines without removing the flowlines. Near neutrally buoyant electrically heated umbilicals are described which may be installed great distances into flowlines.