Abstract: A handheld gardening tool includes a power source, a spike projection device adapted to roughen soil for the application of grass seeds or to ease pulling weeds, and a support arm connecting the power source to the spike projection device. The spike projection device comprises a housing supporting a plurality of spikes mounted within the housing for controlled extension from and retraction within the housing for engagement with soil.

Abstract: The aerator rollers project below the frame for rolling engagement with the ground and are located in tandem relation relative to the direction of travel. Each aerator roller has teeth that penetrate the ground surface. The formations on each aerator roller are spaced apart from one another circumferentially around and longitudinally along the roller. Formations on one aerator roller are offset from those on the other roller permitting overlap of same. The aerator rollers are interconnected in drive and driven relation to rotate in a predetermined ratio. A hopper mounted on the frame dispenses seeds, fertilizer or the like. A rear depth control roller assembly using one or more rollers or wheels is pivotally mounted on the frame and can be brought into rolling engagement with the ground to control the depth of penetration of the formations of the aerator rollers into the ground.

Abstract: A single pass ground driven tiller and seeder apparatus includes a support frame, an elongated drive rotor journaled transversely on the frame, a tillage assembly pivotally connected to the frame and formed by a pair of rearwardly extending bearing plates and having an elongated tillage rotor journaled thereto and extending transversely therebetween, and a firming roller journaled between mounting plates pivotally connected to the bearing plates. The drive rotor is rotated by ground contact as the apparatus is drawn along by a tractor. The drive rotor is drivingly engaged with the tillage rotor so that the tillage rotor rotates at a faster speed than the drive rotor. A seed metering mechanism is supported on the frame and deposits seed in front of the drive rotor. The tillage rotor breaks the soil and incorporates the seed into the soil, after which the firming roller firms the seed bed.

Abstract: An implement that conditions the ground surface as it is moved there over aerating the soil and distributing fertilizer and/or seeds thereon. The implement has a pair of aerator rollers mounted on a frame that can be towed by a tractor or constructed so as to be self-propelled if so desired. The aerator rollers project below the frame for rolling engagement with the ground and are located one behind the other in tandem relation relative to the direction of travel of the implement during use thereof. Each aerator roller has a plurality of formations defining teeth that penetrate the ground surface. The formations on each aerator roller are spaced apart from one another circumferentially around and longitudinally along the roller associated therewith and such formations on one aerator roller are offset from those on the other roller permitting overlap of the same. The aerator rollers are interconnected in drive and driven relation to rotate in a predetermined ratio.

Abstract: A working vehicle 1 includes front wheels Wf steered by a steering wheel 8, and rear wheels Wr driven through a transmission system T incorporating static hydraulic pressure type continuously variable transmissions. A speed change operating device M for controlling speed change of the transmission system T accelerates or decelerates right and left rear wheels Wr at same rotating speed by operation of a change lever 10, and also generates a difference in rotating speed between the right and left rear wheels Wr by operation of the steering wheel 8. The steering characteristic on the basis of operation of the steering wheel 8 varies depending on the vehicle speed set by the change lever 10, so that an appropriate steering characteristic may be obtained if the vehicle speed is changed.

Abstract: Portable motorized hoe comprises a narrow elongate casing (1) forming the machine frame and comprising two complementary half-casings (2, 3) connected together in a direction parallel to the axis (99) of rotation of a hoeing unit, to provide, with reference to the working position assumed by the operator, in the part closest thereto a machine transporting and manoeuvring handle, in the intermediate part a housing containing an electric motor (80), and in the part farthest therefrom the support seats for said hoeing unit, the shaft of which is linkage-connected to said electric motor.

Abstract: A power transmission system for a working machine, wherein drive power is transmitted from an engine to a work-tool holding drive shaft via a reduction mechanism is provided. The reduction mechanism includes an input shaft having a first gear, and an output shaft having a second gear. The second gear has a gear portion and a cylindrical boss segment press fitted thereto, forming a torque limiter. As a result, the reduction mechanism, which has the torque limiter, has a simplified structure, enabling easy assemblage.

Abstract: A rotatable tilling device for tilling ground material, the device consisting of a rotatable shaft having an upper end, a lower end, and having an axis of rotation extending from its upper end to its lower end; a plurality of ground tilling tines, each ground tilling tine having an upper end and a lower end; and, upper and lower tine mounting structure capable of attaching the ground tilling tines to the rotatable shaft so that they span between the tine mounting structure, so that upon rotation of the rotatable shaft the ground tilling tines orbit about the axis of rotation, so that on contact of the rotatable shaft with ground material, the ground tilling tines also contact the ground material, and so that the ground tilling tines may flexibly bend between the upper and lower tine mounting structure; the upper and lower tine mounting structure fixedly attaching the ground tilling tines to the rotatable shaft.

Abstract: A method employing a basic structure and a collection of components to improve efficiency in caring for laws and gardens. The basic structure comprises a single engine, speed reducer, and transmission mounted on a frame with handle bars and controls. The components make up a collection of tines, wheels, blades, rollers, plows, racks and mounting parts. The operator mounts selected components on the basic structure to create a custom ramification for accomplishing a specific task. The specification describes eighteen applications. Eight apply to common tasks of tilling, grading, removing snow, shredding, edging and mowing. The ten remaining apply to new methods for wet lands tilling, hard ground tilling, rolling, aerating, dethatching, scooping, lifting, cross country transporting, and automatic mixing and separating. A primary advantage of the method lies in a consolidation that reduces costs for capital outlay, maintenance, storage, and transportation of walk behind equipment.

Abstract: A soil cultivating machine comprises a cultivating member having discs and a tined roller, both of which are power-driven. Holes are provided in the discs and the periphery of each disc is divided into plate tine members by recesses. Tines extending from the tined roller extend between adjacent discs. In operation, the discs cut the soil into strips, and these strips are then engaged by tines of the tined roller. Further equipment, such as a seed drill, cultivator, or roller or a combination of these may be hitched to the machine.

Abstract: A ground-working machine is proposed for hoeing, tilling or similar, with two motor-driven, rotating power take-off shafts, mounted crosswise to the direction of travel. The power take-off shafts carry the tools. In order to ensure a high performance, the bearing points of the power take-off shafts are laterally offset from each other in the direction of travel. In a further model of execution, the power take-off shafts each sit in a transmission block, which transmission block is coupled to the motor. To change the distance between both power take-off shafts in the direction of travel, the transmission blocks can swivel in relation to each other.

Abstract: A soil working machine has a working member with element blades and a scraping member that releases clods cut out by the working member so that the clods drop to the ground. Both of the members can be positively driven in the same direction about horizontal axes, but the scraping member can also be rotated by contact with the ground. Preferably, the blades are secured to support discs and extend axially of the working member. Scraping elements on arms of the scraping member project between the blades of adjacent support discs and have vanes which also extend almost axially. During rotation, the vanes are moved to intersect the paths of the blades and to remove the clods. Other forms of scraping members are described. The scraping member ensures that soil is wiped from the blades, to avoiding clogging of the working member and a consequent increased power requirement. Also, the cut clods are preferably replaced upside down by the action of the members.

Abstract: A soil working machine pivotably mounts at least one rotor having serrated working elements. The rotor is pivotally connected at each end to a frame beam by a pin which can be inserted into either one of two holes located one above the other. The hole chosen governs the resistance to upward pivoting of the rotor. The machine can be hitched to a tractor either with the frame beam substantially transverse of the intended direction of operative travel, or with the frame beam inclined to this direction. Each rotor has end plates that mount forward blades and the outer plate supports a gear transmission to the rear of the respective blade.

Abstract: A soil working machine has at least one, preferably two rotors, one of which is at a higher working level than the other to achieve a relatively large working depth. The rotors are driven through a drive gear transmission located about midway along the length of the rotors. An adjustable coupling of the machine can be used to establish either one of two positions which are offset about an axis which extends transverse to the normal direction of travel. The transmission includes change speed gears in a first gear box for connection to a tractor p.t.o. and an output of the transmission is geared to a gear wheel housed in a flat gear box, the gear wheel being in driving engagement with pinions on the rotor shafts. The entire frame can be rotated to a limited extent relative to the transmission gear box owing to a flange connection between the two gear boxes and a setting device for their relative positions to one another.

Abstract: An implement has a row of plough bodies mounted to rotate about upwardly extending axes defined by shafts that are inclined in the normal direction of travel. The plough bodies are flat support members with side edges that taper downwardly. The side edges are bent over parts that releasably mount straight blades and the upper ends of the supports have fastening plate portions bolted to their shafts. A circular protective screen and circular plate interfit at the junction of the shaft and fastening portion of each plough body. The shafts have intermeshed pinions with a central one of the shafts extending into a lower gear box that houses exchangeable pinions. The central shaft mounts one of the pinions that engages a second pinion having a respective shaft that extends through a cover into a second gear box and a gear wheel housed therein. The gear wheel engages a further gear wheel on an input shaft that is connectable to the p.t.o. of a tractor.

Abstract: A cultivating machine has a hollow frame portion supporting a row of rotating members each of which includes a lower plate-like tine that is S-shaped in cross section. The tines are connected to upper shafts that extend upwardly and forwardly at inclined angles. Each tine has two elongated soil cultivating elements with front ends that engage the soil. The members are mounted in a transverse row and can be spaced apart from one another so that the distance between two neighboring members is greater than one third of the diameter of the working path of each member so that furrows are formed. The upper shaft ends mount pinions that can be in mesh with one another or an intermediate pinion within the frame portion so that neighboring shafts can be driven in the same or opposite directions. One of the shafts is extended up through the frame portion to a gear box housing a driven pinion engaged by a driving pinion on an input shaft. The input shaft is connectable to the p.t.o. of a tractor.

Abstract: A cultivating machine has soil working members that are driven to rotate about corresponding upwardly extending shafts. Each member includes a generally horizontal support and a tine or tine-shaped portion at each outer end thereof. The lower straight part of each tine has a chisel that is detachably secured thereto so that a leading edge of the chisel, considering the direction of rotation of the soil working member, is positioned to cut the ground. The chisel can be in the form of a knife or blade or a polygonal member with more than one side being a cutting edge. Also, the chisel can be mounted to extend at an angle to enter the ground. A fastening portion of the chisel can be sleeve-shaped and fitted on the lower active tine part.

Abstract: A hand-held, power driven cultivator includes a housing and cultivator blades which rotate about axes oblique to the vertical axis of the cultivator, the blades extending generally in planes which converge beneath the housing. The cultivator is driven by an electrical motor and has a power train which includes a speed reduction gear arrangement. The cultivator blades may overlap slightly as they rotate and may be formed of hardened metal or plastic. The housing of the cultivator is provided with a skirt which extends outwardly and downwardly about the sides and rear of the housing. The skirt is provided with lower depending side shield portions and a rear rake or spreading portion. The rear rake or spreading portion is formed with notches or teeth to smooth and spread cultivated dirt.

Abstract: A cultivating implement has an elongated frame portion and soil working members journalled in the frame portion to rotate about upwardly extending axes. Each soil working member has a single downwardly extending tine that is spaced from a shaft that defines the corresponding axis of rotation. The upper ends of the shafts of the members are secured to pinion gears and the gears of neighboring shafts are meshed with one another so that a power take off connection to a central pinion drives all of the pinions and adjacent soil working members rotate in relatively opposite directions. The members are staggered in two straight transverse rows so that their axes of rotation are arranged at the corners of an imaginary zig-zag line when the implement is viewed in plan and the members of a leading row are rotated in common in a direction opposite from those members of a rear row. The tines of the members in each row are preferably orientated in the same direction.

Abstract: According to this invention there is provided a soil cultivating implement comprising a plurality of downwardly extending tines arranged in a transverse row and rotatable ground engaging members that are located in front of and behind the row of tines with respect to the intended direction of operative travel of the implement, at least one of the rotatable ground engaging members being in the form of a roller which is mechanically driven during operation, said roller being disposed to the rear of said row of downwardly extending tines and comprising a number of longitudinal elements which extend in the direction of the axis of rotation of the said roller.

Abstract: A cultivator has groups of soil working members positioned in a row that extends transverse to the direction of travel. Each group includes a plurality of tined soil working members and a drive system that rotates each group as well as the individual soil working members of each group. The drive system is connectable to the p.t.o. of a tractor and comprises an elongated drive shaft that is geared to the central shaft of each group and a sun pinion of each central shaft is meshed with planet pinions on the shafts about which the soil working members rotate. The pinion gears of each group are housed in a circular disc-shaped casing so that the entire casing of each group rotates about its central shaft during operation. A forward coupling member is attached to the frame for connection to the tractor and a rear support roller provides support to regulate the working depths of the soil working members.

Abstract: A soil cultivating machine or rotary harrow has a row of tined soil working members that are driven about upwardly extending shafts. Further soil working or cultivating members between the driven members are mounted for free rotation about axes also located in the same row which extends transverse to the direction of travel. The further members have tines or blades that are supported on respective arms that extend forwardly and are journalled on vertical shafts at the front of a frame portion. The arm of a pair of blades or a pair of freely rotatable tined members is pivotable to and fro between limit stops to avoid obstacles in or on the ground. The tined members are freely rotatable about upwardly extending axes and the bladed members are freely rotatable about horizontal axes to assist in shedding weeds and other debris.

Abstract: A harrow attachment has side-by-side rotary soil-working members mounted on upright axes journalled in a frame. A delivery mechanism with an elongated hopper and agitators and/or other feeding mechanisms can be connected to be rotatable and driven by the power take off of the prime mover or transmission connections from a rotary roller pivotably secured on arms to the frame to trail the working members. The working members are rotors with tines or earth working portions formed by a single metal sheet material which has been bent over to form two downwardly extending blades with lower parts that are inclined rearwardly. The blades are twisted so that leading cutting edges work overlapping paths and a horizontal portion of the rotors is secured by breakable bolts to upright shafts.

Abstract: A soil-cultivating implement has soil-working members mounted for rotation about corresponding upwardly extending axes. A soil-working tool, preferably one or more tines, is connected to a support of the soil-working member by at least one quick release fastener. The tool or tine can be a torsioned spring steel strip or a rod that has a spring coil. Each tine can have one or more operative soil-contacting ends that are spaced apart from one another. When the operative ends are located one above the other, the soil-working member can work deep in the soil. The fastener can be a pin that extends horizontal and at right angles to the axis of rotation of the soil-working member so that the operative ends can pivot to some extend about the fastener. The ends of each tool or tine can extend in different directions from one another and tines in pairs can be mounted on the same support.

Abstract: A cultivating machine has one or more working members that are driven to rotate about upwardly extending axes. Each working member is connected to a drive transmission to turn and, spaced apart soil working members mounted for free rotation about respective axes, are moved through the soil. At least two of the soil working members are different from one another and capable of workingthe soil in different ways. One member can be a group of tines that are freely rotatable about an upwardly extending axis and an adjacent member can be a disc that rotates about a horizontal axis. Each member includes a stub shaft that is journalled in a universal mount so that the members can be released and exchanged to meet varying soil conditions. The mount has a pivot connection and a setting device to retain the soil working member at various working angles. Also, the stud shaft is adjustable within a sleeve of the mount.

Abstract: A soil cultivator or harrow has a row of soil working members that are driven about upwardly extending axes to work the soil. A plant screen at each lateral side of the implement has a forward guide portion that is pivoted to the front of the frame and a rear, spring-biased portion that normally is held close to the implement's lateral sides. The guide portion of each screen is inclined with respect to the direction of travel to guide plants away from the soil working members during the forward travel of the implement. A pair of arms are pivoted adjacent their front ends to a forward portion of the main frame of the implement, and are connected at their rear ends by a transverse support. The arms are connected to the main frame intermediate their ends by a connection which permits angular adjustment of the arms about their pivots. Each end of the transverse support is connected to a further rearwardly and downwardly extending arm and a roller is supported between the further arms.

Abstract: A soil cultivating machine has soil working members that are driven about upwardly extending axes. Each working member has radial arms and a tined cultivating rotor is pivotably connected to the outer end of each arm. Each cultivating rotor is freely rotatable about an upwardly extending axis and an adjustment device can be set to vary the position of the cultivating rotor about the pivot connection to its corresponding arm to change the working positions of the tines. The cultivating rotor can use different tines depending on the condition of the ground being worked.

Abstract: A cultivating implement or rotary harrow has two groups of soil working members mounted on upwardly extending shafts that extend transverse to the direction of operative travel. The groups of soil working members are adjustably linked to an elongated frame of the harrow and the front of the longer side of the frame has a coupling member for connection to the rear of a prime mover for soil working operation. One of the shorter sides has a second coupling member that can be coupled to the prime mover during transport. Pairs of ground wheels at the front and rear of the frame are employed to support the harrow both in operative and in transport positions. Each group of soil working members has a supporting rear roller and arms that extend from the front of the frame over the roller to support a tool bar to which seed drills, for instance, can be connected.

Abstract: A soil cultivating machine has side-by-side working members mounted on upwardly extending shafts that extend slightly forward with respect to the direction of travel. Each working member includes radial arms and at the outer end of each arm a tool, such as a disc or group of tines, is journalled for free rotation about a corresponding axis of rotation that extends at an angle with respect to the axis of rotation of the working member. During operation, the tools have portions that contact the ground and cut across the soil while rotating about the tools' axes of rotation and that of the working member. Such movements assist to propel the machine forwardly.

Abstract: A cultivating implement has side-by-side soil working members journalled in a hollow frame portion. Each member includes a support with hub that is connected to the lower end of a corresponding shaft. The shafts of the soil working members have meshed pinions on their upper ends that are housed in an upper chamber of the frame portion. The support and hub are housed substantially in their entireties within the frame portion and the lower side of each hub has apertured tags with pins that comprise quick release fastenings for downwardly extending tines.

Abstract: A rotary harrow has soil-working members that are protected and, to some extent, supported from the ground by an elongated transverse beam that is pivoted to the front of the frame. The beam is spring biased to an operative location adjacent the soil-working member connections and vertically adjustable with respect to those members. The beam is rounded off at its lower surfaces to level the ground and ride along the ground. If debris becomes lodged between the beam and soil-working members, the beam can pivot forwardly against spring opposition to release the debris. The pivot axis for the beam is substantially directly above the beam itself.

Abstract: A soil-cultivating machine has an elongated frame that extends horizontally and transverse to the direction of travel. A row of adjacent soil-working members are mounted on corresponding upwardly extending shafts which are geared to a common drive shaft and the members are driven in relative opposite directions to work a broad path of soil. Alternate soil-working members are slideable along beams of the frame so that debris does not jam the drive connections. The drive to the soil-working members includes an imput shaft to a gear box, which can comprise a reduction gear, and an elongated drive shaft that extends parallel to the frame and along which the slideable members are displaceable. The corresponding gears to the working members includes a pinion transmission on the drive shaft which is slideable within limits defined by an elongated key arrangement. Compression springs bias each slideable working member to a normal central position.

Abstract: A rotary harrow has a plurality of soil-working members rotatably mounted on upwardly extending shafts and the shafts are journalled in an elongated frame portion that extends transverse to the direction of travel. A protective and supporting member of elongated and generally cylindrical configuration is secured to the frame portion by arms that are pivoted to that portion. The protective member can be rotatable or nonrotatable but is angularly displaceable about a horizontal axis that extends generally parallel to the frame portion. The protective member has an outer surface that can be of curved configuration and that outer surface extends adjacent the soil working members and is positioned relative to those members to direct debris downwardly to the ground. Stops on the frame portion and protective member limit the latter's movement relative to the remainder of the harrow.

Abstract: A rotary harrow has a plurality of soil working members each of which has a support and a central shaft that forms the axis of rotation of said member. Each support has a holder at each end thereof and a downwardly extending tine secured in each holder. The holder is preferably inclined so that its top is located further from the central shaft than its bottom and also leads in the direction of normal rotation relative to the holder bottom. The holders are sleeves with integral screens and the sleeves receive the fastening portions of tines. The holders together with the support form tine mountings configured to minimize damage from stones and other debris. The tine fastening portions are held inclined to the vertical as well as soil working portions which are bent first towards one another then away, so that the lower tine tips are located further from the shaft axis than are the corresponding fastening portions.

Abstract: A cultivator or harrow has two groups of tined soil working members in a row that are driven to rotate about upwardly extending shafts. Each group is located on an opposite side of a frame portion center from the other. Between each soil working member, a driving shaft is positioned and pinion gears housed in the frame portion to turn all the shafts of one group in the same direction, but opposite to that of the driving shafts and the other group. The driving shafts can be fitted with additional soil working members and those soil working members on upwardly extending shafts can be replaced with smaller supports so that adjacent soil working members rotate in opposite directions. Alternatively, the smaller supports can be fitted with extension structures and two groups of soil working members are again formed. A dispensing mechanism can be mounted on the frame portion to deliver material between a rear supporting roller and the tines.

Abstract: An agricultural implement combination has a forward cultivator with soil working blades that rotate about a horizontal axis extending transverse to the direction of travel and a rear harrow having tined soil working members that rotate about upwardly extending shafts positioned in a row also extending transverse to the direction of travel. The cultivator and harrow each have a coupling member and their coupling members are linked by pairs of arms that cross one another when the implement is viewed from the side. A driving system includes a separate transmisson with change speed gearing for the cultivator and the harrow and the input shaft of the cultivator is connectable to a prime mover p.t.o. A telescope shaft connection bridges the two transmissions so that the blades of the cultivator and the tined members of the harrow can be driven from a single p.t.o. The harrow preferably has a supporting roller at the rear to smooth the soil worked first by the cultivator and then by the harrow.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tilling apparatus characterized by a regulating drive connection between the towing tractor drive axle and the tiller shaft, the tiller tines having a modified arcuate configuration which provide a pocketed, rather than a furrowed or channeled, tilling depth profile.