Abstract: An oil-immersion quenching cooling precursor and an oil-immersion quenching cooling method includes an axle-type workpiece or a workpiece that has sections in an axle form. Several separation rings are arranged on the workpiece in the axial direction to separate the axle-type workpiece or the workpiece that has sections in an axle form into a plurality of sections before oil-immersion quenching cooling. In the method, there is a cutting procedure before a quenching cooling procedure. Several separation rings distributed in the axial direction are reserved outside a dimension required for the workpiece. sections before oil-immersion quenching cooling. In the method, there is a cutting procedure before a quenching cooling procedure. Several separation rings distributed in the axial direction are reserved outside a dimension required for the workpiece.

Abstract: A mower drive wheel incorporating an edging plate including a number of different blade edge profiles for assisting in edging various types and thicknesses of grass or turf. The drive wheel can be reconfigured so that a one piece edging plate is replaced by a plurality of individually attachable blades. A modified walk behind powered mower is also disclosed and which integrates an adjustment mechanism for modifying a rotary turning speed of the edging drive wheel. A secondary drive wheel disconnect linkage is included and the main blade housing of the mower can also exhibit a widened profile to facilitate vacuum intake of the edging debris.

Abstract: A residue clearing apparatus for a shank of an agricultural implement includes a spoked wheel adapted for attachment to the implement such that the spoked wheel rotates about a wheel axis oriented substantially horizontal and perpendicular to an operating travel direction of the implement and forward of the shank. A drive is operative to rotate the spoked wheel. The spoked wheel is oriented such that ends of spokes of the spoked wheel pass above the ground forward of the shank, and such that the ends of the spokes of the spoked wheel pass adjacent to a front face of the shank. The spokes may be resiliently or pivotally mounted to the wheel.

Abstract: Device for a soil cultivating machine, comprising a rotor. A plurality of tools are mounted on the rotor. At least one tool of the plurality comprises a fixing end, a soil engaging portion, and a connecting portion which connects the fixing end to the soil engaging portion. The at least one tool is movably mounted to the rotor.

Abstract: A mulching unit for a mulching apparatus includes at least one cutting assembly or hammer having a rotatable support element and two cutting elements spaced apart from one another by a predetermined gap that allows debris to pass between the cutting elements, thereby increasing efficiency and enabling higher rotating speeds for sustained amounts of time. The cutting elements include tips that may be formed in one piece with the support element, e.g., a collar, and the tips may be covered with a protective layer of tungsten and/or carbide. Alternatively, the tips themselves can be made from tungsten and/or carbide and physically attached, e.g., by welding, to the collar to form an integral unit. The cutting elements may be mounted on support element halves that can independently rotate on a support rod of the mulching unit.

Abstract: A power cultivator including a power source, a shaft and a cultivating head having a pair of cultivating blades is described. The cultivating head includes an assembly that opens and closes the blades using a mirrored arcuate motion. The cultivating head itself is also part of the invention in that it can be attached to a standard string trimmer in place of the standard string trimming assembly. The power cultivator is effective at cultivating small areas of soil, in which a gardener usually uses a common goose-neck garden hoe.

Abstract: A sand distributor and spreader for filling sand into aerated holes in golf greens wherein a frame has slidably mounted thereon a plurality of brushes. A gear box, or other source of mechanical energy, is interconnected to the frame such that an output of the gear box selectively reciprocates the brushes between a first position and a second position. Furthermore, a plurality of wheels are rotatably mounted to the frame in such a manner that the frame can be moved, while the gear box output simultaneously reciprocates the brushes. Additionally, a mechanism is included so that the brushes may be lifted from the surface to be brushed so that the spreader may be easily moved. In an additional embodiment, an engine simultaneously reciprocates the brushes and rotates the wheels.

Abstract: A sod harvester in which two transversely spaced cutterheads form sod into two side-by-side strips and slice the strips away from the underlying earth. The strips then are wound into rolls on a roller carried by the rear of the harvester. A power-driven endless belt engages the strips to initially wrap the strips around the roller and then assists in winding the strips into rolls of comparatively large diameter. A magazine on the harvester carries a supply of rollers and includes an escapement which may be actuated to drop a roller to the ground after sod has been wound on a preceding roller.

Abstract: A soil-working farm machine including a frame 1 provided with a device 20 for hitching to a tractor vehicle. At least one row 6, 7 of two bars 2, 3, or 4, 5 equipped with soil-working tools 21 and having a phase opposition movement is connected to said frame by a plurality of oscillating arms 9, 10, 11, 12. The phase opposition movement is generated by a mechanism for transformation of the rotary movement received from a driving source into a reciprocating movement crosswise to the forward direction. The mechanism includes a connecting rod-eccentric device 22 supported by the frame 1. The connecting rod 30, 31, 32, 33 serve to transmit the reciprocating movement to corresponding bars 2, 3, 4, 5.

Abstract: The ends opposite one another of adjacent bars (2, 3) of (4, 5) are sized, shaped, and positioned to cooperate with one another to push back hard objects which are found between two adjacent bars (2, 3) or (4, 5) during their approaching phase.

Abstract: In a machine for working soil, the oscillating arms 6, 7 of the opposite toothed bars 2, 3, 4, 5 on different rows 27, 28 are mounted at least approximately side-by-side in a direction crosswise to the direction of advance 24.

Abstract: A rotary tilling device has a cutting device having a plurality of cutters each of which is rotatably mounted on a supporting member. The cutter has a vertical portion and a lateral portion at an end of the vertical portion and has edges on both sides of the vertical and lateral portions. The cutter is held by a stopper in a tilling position when rotated in a tilling direction, and is released in a grass cutting position when rotated in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A rotary tiling device has a cutting device having a plurality of cutters each of which is mounted on a supporting member at a base end thereof in such a manner that the cutter is rotatable about a first center. The cutter has a vertical portion and a lateral portion at an end of the vertical portion and has edges on both sides of the vertical and lateral portions. The base end has an arcuated periphery about a second center. The first center is offset from the second center, so that in grass cutting operation, the arcuated periphery is positioned in a position which is further outward than its position in the soil cutting operation.

Abstract: A core-type walk-behind aerator includes a chassis movable along a turf surface and having a tine wheel assembly rotatable about an axis transverse to the direction of movement of the aerator. The tine wheel assembly is positively driven by power means and carries a plurality of tubular coring tines selectively positioned about the periphery of the tine wheel such that the tines define forward rake angles. The number of tines, their rake angles, the diameter of the tine wheel assembly and weight of the aerator acting on the tine wheel assembly have predetermined relation so as to effect substantially axial penetration of said tines into the turf and substantially axial withdrawal of the tines from the same surface openings made upon penetration as the tine wheel undergoes rotation about an instant rotational center spaced below the surface of the turf. The tines continually compress the soil so as to remove cores of thatch and subsoil without lifting the turf peripherally of the openings made by the tines.

Abstract: A tine mounting arrangement for a harrow provides a transverse elongate support member with a plurality of stub shafts extending outwardly therefrom in the same horizontal plane at an angle of 45.degree.. Each stub shaft carries a pair of spring tines with the springs wrapped around the shaft and an inclined portion of the tine extending forwardly from the angled shaft and therefore at an angle to the transverse support member. Two such members can be mounted on pivot arms to provide a transverse reciprocating working action of the tines. This harrow element can be mounted upon support arms pivoted from a draw bar and carried on ground wheels which may be simple depth wheels or may form packer wheels. In an alternative arrangement the packer wheels and harrow element are mounted on a subframe which can be reversed so that the packers operate in advance of the harrow element.

Abstract: An apparatus for loosening a crust formed in the soil over planted seeds. A drum having a plurality of fingers rotatably disposed around an outer cylindrical surface thereof is biased toward the ground by spring rods which are adjustably attached to a frame. The frame is typically mounted to a prime mover such as a tractor or to a cultivator or the like attached to an agricultural tractor.

Abstract: A tine assembly for use with a rotary tiller comprising a selectively rotatable tine shaft and a plurality of pivotally mounted tines. The tines each include stop surfaces associated with an innermost end of the tine whereby the tine pivots to one position when the tine shaft is rotated in a clockwise direction and automatically pivots to a second position when the tine shaft is rotated in a counterclockwise direction. The angle of pivot between the two positions is such that the leading edge of the ground engaging portion of the tine sweeps a larger radius than the following portion of the tine when the tine shaft is rotated in either the clockwise or counterclockwise directions.

Abstract: There is provided a cultivator blade supporting structure. The structure comprises at least one cultivator blade comprising a shank and a blade portion; at least one blade holder having a hollow sleeve for removably receiving the shank of the cultivator blade; and a rotational driving shaft to which the blade holder is fixed, wherein at least a part of the sleeve for receiving the shank of the cultivator blade comprises confronting oppositely inclined interior faces between which the shank is wedged when the cultivator blade is rotated to cultivate the ground.

Abstract: A power rake having independently pivotal tines mounted on a common member which is displaced relative to a tractor-carried support in an orbital or cyclical manner. Each of the tines has an eccentric portion designed so that the tine moves through the soil on edge during at least part of its travel and has a broad side engaging the soil over part of its travel.

Abstract: A snow shaping means intended to be towed e.g. behind a vehicle and consisting of a cylindrical snow compacting means mounted in a frame and having track shaping elements on its periphery. Now that the so-called diagonal style has been introduced in skiing, track grooves as well as smooth spots are needed on a ski trail. As taught by the invention, the track shaping elements consist of parts disposed loosely on the periphery of the cylindrical drum and movable between an upper position and a lower position, and which in their lower position shape the track grooves.

Abstract: A tine mounting arrangement for a harrow provides a transverse elongate support member with a plurality of stub shafts extending outwardly therefrom in the same horizontal plane at an angle of 45.degree.. Each stub shaft carries a pair of spring tines with the springs wrapped around the shaft and an inclined portion of the tine extending forwardly from the angled shaft and therefore at an angle to the transverse support member. Two such members can be mounted on pivot arms to provide a transverse reciprocating working action of the tines. This harrow element can be mounted upon support arms pivoted from a draw bar and carried on ground wheels which may be simple depth wheels or may form packer wheels. In an alternative arrangement the packer wheels and harrow element are mounted on a subframe which can be reversed so that the packers operate in advance of the harrow element.

Abstract: A tine assembly for a tiller, comprising a plate (12 or 20) mounted on a rotative shaft (11) and a plurality of tines (13 or 21) connected by a pivotal connection (14 or 22) to the plate so as to swing outwardly of the plate to engage the soil upon rotation of the plate, and limiting means comprising bolts (15 or 24) in arcuate slots (13D or 23) whereby the tines are angled or positioned for proper soil working action depending on the rotative direction of the plate with the shaft.

Abstract: A vibrating harrow with a supporting frame consisting of at least two beams that are positioned one behind another, extend across the direction of travel, and are equipped with soil-cultivation tines. The beams are mounted on the supporting frame by means of rockers and are moved back and forth across the direction of travel during operation through the intermediary of a drive mechanism by the power source of a tractor or cultivator. In order to provide a very simple and effective suspension for the cultivating tines parallel and at an angle to the direction of travel when obstacles are encountered in the soil, the beams are longitudinal beams with a U-shaped cross-section, the open side of each longitudinal beam faces away from the direction of travel, the rockers are mounted on the upper flank of the beams, the tines are mounted on the lower flank of the beams, and the beams are open at the rear over approximately their total length.

Abstract: A machine for cultivating the soil has a main transverse beam carrying a transverse tool-shaft driven to drive wobble bearings on the tool-shaft, thereby to oscillate a plurality of tool holders having lever arms guided for transverse swinging movement in the beam. The tool holders mount the tines by substantially U-shaped elements of spring metal, each having its arched portion pointing in the direction of travel with the lower free limb connected to a tine and the upper free limb connected to a lever. The U-shaped elements are configured at the arched portion to have a width such as to have the forward portions of the elements in the direction of travel sweep in their transverse rocking movement a virtually continuous area extending over substantially the entire width of the main beam.

Abstract: An impact roller for applying blows cyclically to a surface over which the roller is rolling. The roller has flail members pivotally connected thereto and also has recesses to accommodate the flail members when inoperative. In operation, when the roller rolls along a surface, the flail members fall forwardly under gravity and impart cyclic downward blows to the surface over which the roller is rolling. Upon faster rolling of the roller, the magnitude of the blows increases under the action of centrifugal force.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus which can be connected to a tractor for preparation of the soil. The apparatus has at least two rows of toothed bars mounted on a frame, each row consisting of spaced apart pairs of bars, all of which are drawn behind the tractor at a right angle thereto. Sets of rods are attached to each of the toothed bars at one end and at their other ends the rods are attached to a related eccentric member. The eccentric members are rigid with a drive shaft journaled in the frame and having a free end connected to the power take-off means of the tractor. Upon rotation of the drive shaft, the toothed bars are displaced at different intervals laterally of the path of travel of the tractor to till the soil.

Abstract: A cultivating machine has an elongated cultivating member that is rotatably mounted to turn about a horizontal axis that extends transverse to the direction of normal travel. A plurality of tined soil cultivating means is mounted on a support shaft of the member and that shaft defines the horizontal axis of rotation. Each cultivating means comprises a group of tines that is freely rotatable about a corresponding axis of rotation. The axes of rotation of the cultivating means non-perpendicularly intersect the shaft and are formed by stub shafts that are journalled on brackets fastened to the shaft. Upon rotation of the cultivating member about the shaft, the tines of successive cultivating means engage the ground and the cultivating means each rotate to work a broad path of soil. The group of tines extend at angles to the axis of rotation of each cultivating means and twos of the cultivating means are mounted in opposing pairs that are offset with respect to adjacent pairs.

Abstract: A device for picking up debris from lawns and like grounds, and comprised of a rolling drum motivated and controlled through a handle, and having retractile spikes for collectively piercing leaves and small bits of paper and like refuse, said spikes being yieldingly depressible to ground obstructions, such as protrusions, and retractile by control means to discharge the collection thereby of said debris. The depressibly retractile spikes are arranged in gangs guided radially by the cooperative drum structure, and the control means is uneffected by rotation of the drum or by said yielding depressibility of the gangs of spikes and is manually operable to retract the same as circumstances require.