Abstract: A pulsation nozzle is adapted for insertion in a drill bit such as a single body or tri-cone bit, for delivery of a pulsed jet of thixotropic drilling fluid during drilling operations. The nozzle defines an inlet orifice (31) communicating with an internal cavity (32) and an outlet orifice (33), the dimensions of which are chosen in such a way as to induce the cyclical propagation of disturbances in a shear boundary defined between fluid passing directly through the nozzle and fluid which is momentarily trapped in the cavity, thereby inducing a self-excited oscillating flow of said fluid within the nozzle, and a rapid pulsing flow emitting from the nozzle.

Abstract: A method and abstract of removing a surface subject to a subsurface pressure and an environmental surface pressure at least equal to the subsurface pressure, which comprises jetting fluid through a nozzle facing and located a predetermined distance from said surface, said nozzle being shaped to eject the fluid in a steam having a higher core pressure than said environmental pressure, said higher pressure stream having adjacent thereto at least one zone of pressure negative relative to said subsurface pressure, said distance being predetermined to expose said surface to said zone of negative pressure, whereby said surface is caused to explode into said zone of negative pressure from the force of said subsurface pressure.

Abstract: A directional earth boring drill bit blade includes an earth boring drill bit blade body having a cutting edge and having at least one fluid conduit through said earth boring drill bit blade body. A fluid nozzle is affixed to said at least one fluid conduit at the cutting edge. The earth boring drill bit blade body is adapted to be mounted to a boring tool body. The at least one conduit and nozzle cooperate to channel fluid so as to cool the directional boring drill bit blade and control steering while boring.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for installing a pipeline in borehole comprising a pulling pipe drawn by a drill string and an articulating joint coupling the pulling pipe to the pipeline. The articulating joint allows an angle to be formed between the pulling pipe and the pipeline. A reamer is used to clear the borehole as the pipeline is installed. The reamer includes a plurality of radially-oriented nozzles for directing fluid away from the stem of the reamer in order to clean the teeth of the reamer without directing the cuttings and other debris toward areas in which accumulation is likely to occur. Deflecting nozzles prevent the outermost radially-oriented nozzles from overcutting the borehole.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for penetrating a well casing and surrounding earth strata includes the insertion of a flexible shaft having a ball cutter on an end thereof into upset tubing within a well casing. The upset tubing is provided with an elbow at its lower extremity for receiving the ball cutter therein. The flexible shaft is then rotated and the ball cutter cuts a hole in the well casing and is then moved horizontally a distance, usually less than 30". The flexible shaft and ball cutter are then removed and a flexible tube having a nozzle blaster on an end thereof is then inserted into the upset tubing in the channel. A fluid of surfactant and water at high pressure is then pumped into the tube wherein the high pressure fluid passes through orifice in the spiral drill thereby cutting an extension into the previously cut channel. The tube is continually feed into the channel as the high pressure fluid continues to blast away the earth's strata.

Abstract: Low-cost, medium-curvature, deviated drainholes are drilled from a vertical cased well in soft formations, using the jet-drilling technique with a coiled-tubing. The high-velocity liquid jet is oriented at a small angle from the axis of the coiled tubing in the selected direction. The jet nozzle assembly is held by a pin in a reference groove in the tubing wall, parallel to its axis. A similar pin in a conventional sonde containing orientation sensors is also inserted in the same groove, so that the jet's spatial orientation is fully determined, with respect to the vertical and North. The jet angle with respect to the tubing axis is pre-set by mechanical or hydraulic locking devices and periodically re-adjusted, based on the sonde's spatial orientation data.

Abstract: A water spray nozzle (1) for location in a receiving bore (2) of a pick box (3) of a rotary cutting head (4) of a mining machine, comprising an elongate and generally cylindrical body member (5) having at one end an entry nose (6) and at the other end an enlarged extraction head (7), in use, intended to remain outside the receiving bore (2). A radial, water inlet orifice (8) intermediate the ends of the body member (5) leading to a water receiving chamber (25). A water sealing ring (9) located in a retaining groove (10) in the body member (5) between the water inlet orifice (8) and the nose (6) . A water discharge orifice (11) is in communication with the chamber (25). A reduced diameter formation (12) on the body member (5) has a resilient, nozzle-retaining ring (13) of material and/or dimensions such that it is compressible and/or deformable, into a nozzle retaining mode, without additional retaining means.

Abstract: An hydraulic device for forming a cavity in a borehole. The device includes generally the following modular sections: a hub section for connection to a drill pipe; hydromonitor (cutting nozzle); hydroelevator (eductor); and drill bit box. Through each section, except the drill bit box, extends first and second concentric pipelines for delivering fluid into the device and directing slurry out of the device. Only the drill pipe extends to the surface to receive standard well blowout prevention equipment. The second pipeline releases slurry into a casing which channels, in cooperation with an upper portion of the first pipeline and the drill pipe, the slurry to the surface. The hydromonitor includes a nozzle which is hydraulically associated with the first pipeline, and extends through the second pipeline, for delivering fluid into the borehole to form the cavity. The eductor pulls spent cutting fluid, coal fines, etc., out of the cavity as the slurry.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for high pressure drilling are disclosed. The apparatus comprises an essentially solid drill head with horizontally extendable nozzle arms hingedly connected by shear pins thereto. Flow of high pressure fluid both extends the nozzle arms and flows through the nozzle arms, thereby fracturing and shearing material surrounding the drill head. Cessation of fluid flow returns the arms to the vertical position.

Abstract: A soft excavator (10, 90, 110, 130) is disclosed which utilizes a jet of high velocity fluid flow such as air or water flow, preferably supersonic, through a nozzle (48, 92, 112) to excavate a material, such as the ground. A second passage for air flow is provided which is directed by an evacuator skirt (52, 102) in a direction along the excavator generally opposite the direction of discharge of the high velocity excavating flow to entrain the material excavated for disposal.

Abstract: A drill head (1) as part of a drill lance for an apparatus for drilling an underground tunnel, which drill head has a channel (10) extending along the center axis of the drill lance and is rotatable about the center axis, comprising at least one forwardly directed nozzle (2), the nozzle channel (21) of which communicates with the channel (10) and exits outside the center axis, the drill head (1) being characterized by at least one rearwardly directed nozzle (4) being provided, the nozzle channel (41) of which communicates with the channel (10).

Abstract: The drilling apparatus according to the invention contains a body (1) to which rock-destroying organs--rollers (2) are attached. A subassembly for generating hydrodynamic waves is arranged in the body (1). This subassembly is designed in the form of a turbulence chamber (3) with tangentially arranged entry channels (4) and with a conically tapering outlet channel (5) the frontal surface of which is radially rounded off.

Abstract: A method of erosive cutting of a hard material such as rock utilizes two spaced clusters of jets for high-pressure discharge of fluid in the course of their movement along the same longitudinal path over the hard material. One of the jet clusters has a fixed orientation for multiple-jet discharge at the hard material, while the other cluster of jets is subjected to oscillating excursions transverse to the direction of the path that both clusters are caused to follow. A cooling medium is directed at the working site between the two clusters. The result is a faster working rate and a more cleanly defined groove in the hard material, along the path of movement.

Abstract: A drilling fluid nozzle 12 mounted in the end of an earth drilling tool 10 has a flow channel defined by a surrounding wall 16 which diverges at an angle of 30.degree. or less, such that the exiting fluid "adheres" to the wall in a laminar manner due to the Coanda effect. This configuration minimizes clogging, and implements ready unclogging.

Abstract: A high-speed fluid/mechanical Jet erosion system utilizing a high-velocity, spinning jet stream discharged contiguous the surface to be cut. The spinning jet stream is developed from a tangentially driven vortex flow system adapted to merge and enhance the erosive high-speed fluid jet characteristics of fluid and abrasive particle impingement erosion with cavitational collapse erosion in both axial and tangential directions. The system further includes an apertured mechanical cutting element which places the exiting spinning jet immediately against the target formation, providing maximum mechanical and fluid energy transfer to the formation. In this manner, the system induces formation fracturing by assisting mechanically induced fracture propagation with the high-speed jet action while simultaneously exploiting high-speed jet erosion-induced kerfs with the mechanical action of the tool.

Abstract: A low-cost method drilling and completing wells attaches a non-rotating jet drilling tool to coiled tubing. After drilling, the tubing portion outside the well is cut and the remaining tubing becomes the liner or casing for the well. By also using a residual bend remover, centralizers, and injecting a thermal cement slurry, very low cost steam injector wells can be drilled and completed.

Abstract: In an earth boring device of either the impact ram or static type wherein the device is driven forwardly either by the impacts of an impact piston or by a forward pressure exerted on the device through a rod, directional control of the device is achieved by arranging a plurality of pressure fluid ejecting nozzles on the head of the device symmetrically with respect to its longitudinal axes, and by individually controlling the pressure and/or amount of pressure fluid supplied to each nozzle to deflect the device in one direction away from what would otherwise be its forward drive path.

Abstract: In particular for cutting working of especially hard rock such as granite, an additional cooling medium is supplied to a pressure medium which is at a high pressure of especially more than 1500 bar. The pressure medium is ejected particularly in the form of discrete narrow jets from a nozzle head (5) and the directional jet (5g) of the cooling medium is directed towards at least some of the jets (5b) of the bundle of jets of the pressure medium so that together with the pressure medium a cooling effect is caused on the object to be worked, thus resulting in an improved crushing effect.

Abstract: A wellbore jetting tool has a novel packer assembly which enables the tool to be raised, lowered and rotated while operating, a nozzle which automatically raises to extend radially from the tool, and a flow system for returning slurry in an inner tube of cross section. The packer assembly is hydraulically actuated, and traps fluid to provide lubrication, which enables raising, lowering and rotation during operation while substantially maintaining the necessary sealing. The nozzle is raised by a torque generated by vanes disposed within the nozzle head reacting to fluid flow, and also by thrust from the cutting jet. The nozzle discharges this jet at an angle, thus biasing the nozzle appropriately. A breakaway feature allows abandonment of the nozzle if it jams when it is extended, ensuring that the pipestring may always be retrieved. The return of slurry through its own conduit reduces chances of a particle lodging in the slurry return line.

Abstract: A cutting implement for a mining machine includes a chisel and a holder for the chisel. The chisel has a flange which abuts the holder and is provided with a first recess. The holder has a second recess which registers with the first recess and communicates with a water supply channel in the holder. The second recess accommodates a hollow cylindrical seal. A tubular element bridges the two recesses and has a portion of smaller diameter which is received by the seal and a portion of larger diameter which is located in the first recess and confines the seal. The portion of larger diameter is embraced by a cap, and the cap carries a nozzle which is arranged to spray the cut made by the chisel. The seal, tubular element, cap and nozzle are all recessed from the outer peripheral surface of the chisel.

Abstract: A rotating head mounts a nozzle which creates cavitation in a pressurized fluid such that a surface may be quickly and efficiently cleaned. The rotation of the nozzle ensures a relatively wide cleaning path. The cavitation allows cleaning using only the pressurized fluid jet without any necessary abrasives, while still fully utilizing high rotational speeds. A preferred cavitating jet nozzle is also disclosed for producing cavitation in the pressurized fluid. The cavitating jet nozzle includes a pin received at a central position which lowers the pressure of the pressurized fluid such that cavitation bubbles form in the fluid. The pin is self-centering within the nozzle since it is free floating relative to a securing member which retains the pin in the nozzle. In addition, the pin preferably has an end face upstream of an outlet portion of the nozzle.

Abstract: A high-speed fluid/mechanical jet erosion system utilizing a high-velocity, spinning jet stream discharged contiguous the surface to be cut. The spinning jet stream is developed from a tangentially driven vortex flow system adapted to merge and enhance the erosive high-speed fluid jet characteristics of fluid and abrasive particle impingement erosion with cavitational collapse erosion in both axial and tangential directions. The system further includes an apertured mechanical cutting element which places the exiting spinning jet immediately against the target formation, providing maximum mechanical and fluid energy transfer to the formation. In this manner, the system induces formation fracturing by assisting mechanically induced fracture propagation with the high-speed jet action while simultaneously exploiting high-speed jet erosion-induced kerfs with the mechanical action of the tool.

Abstract: A wireline retrievable jet cleaning tool (10) comprising an adapter axle (12), a longitudinally extending axle (16), and a nozzle housing (14) rotatably mounted around the axle (16), the nozzle housing having at least two longitudinally spaced-apart nozzle sections (18A, 18B) adapted to sweep jets of cleaning fluid over longitudinally spaced target areas in a well tool or tubular, each nozzle section (18A, 18B) preferably having at least one tangentially directed nozzle (44), at least one radially directed nozzle (48) and at least one obliquely directed nozzle (52). A longitudinally reciprocating jet cleaning tool (60) comprising a rotatable nozzle housing (64) adapted to rotate around and slide longitudinally along a fixed axle (66) responsive to increased fluid pressures is also provided.

Abstract: A fast-actuating on-off valve and pressure regulator particularly well-suited for use with high-pressure incompressible fluids. An actuator, manually-operated or powered, provides a linear push-pull force to a valve stem assembly mounted inside a valve cavity having a fluid inlet and one or more fluid outlets. The valve stem assembly includes a valve stem that has a shoulder at one end. The valve stem assembly includes a stem collar having a capped end with a central hole to engage the valve stem, a cylindrical cavity to house the stem shoulder, and a threaded portion engageable with a valve poppet or a poppet extension. Each valve poppet has a threaded end engageable with the stem collar and a sealing end to engage with a fluid outlet centrally positioned within a valve seat or a valve poppet.

Abstract: A wellbore jetting tool has a novel packer assembly which enables the tool to be raised, lowered and rotated while operating, a nozzle which automatically raises to extend radially from the tool, and a flow system for returning slurry in an inner tube of cross section. The packer assembly is hydraulically actuated, and traps fluid to provide lubrication, which enables raising, lowering and rotation during operation while substantially maintaining the necessary sealing. The nozzle is raised by a torque generated by vanes disposed within the nozzle head reacting to fluid flow, and also by thrust from the cutting jet. The nozzle discharges this jet at an angle, thus biasing the nozzle appropriately. A breakaway feature allows abandonment of the nozzle if it jams when it is extended, ensuring that the pipestring may always be retrieved. The return of slurry through its own conduit reduces chances of a particle lodging in the slurry return line.

Abstract: A device for making a hole in the ground has a drilling head having a body. The drilling body includes a passage and a venturi through which rinsing fluid passes. The drilling head has a mechanism mounted on an end thereof for loosening the ground. A first pipe provides pressurized fluid to the mechanism and a second pipe provides rinsing fluid to the passage. A protective casing surrounds the first and second pipes creating a bundle of pipes. A fluid motor drives the mechanism. The venturi receives rinsing fluid from the second pipe thereby creating a suction effect which evacuates rinsing fluid from the hole together with loosened ground.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning layers of earth that contain noxious material via a cleaning medium that takes up the noxious material and is introduced into the layers of earth via a drilling tube. The cleaning medium is extracted by suction from the layers of earth and is subsequently processed. To achieve a precise cleaning on the spot in a continuous manner without the necessity for excavating the earth, the apparatus comprises a chamber that surrounds the drilling tube. The chamber can be lowered into the ground either together with or separately from the drilling tube. After termination of the cleaning process, at least parts of chambers used therefor are removed from the ground and shifted to a region that has not yet been cleaned, resulting in an advancement of the cleaning process in a horizontal direction. A sludge mixture can also be pumped from the chamber into a cleaning unit, with the clean, recovered earth again being introduced into the chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drilling a horizontal controlled borehole in the earth includes a drill frame, a drill string and a downhole tool. The drill frame includes a wrench attached to the frame for assisting in breaking and forming joints. The downhole tool includes removable blade assemblies having, for example, stepped or spade-like profiles and hard facing at areas of primary contact with the soil. When fluid is added for cooling, lubricating and flushing away cuttings, the downhole tool can include a nozzle parallel to the centerline of the longitudinal axis of the drill string, a check valve means for preventing downhole particles from entering the fluid passageway and/or a transmitter protecting waterproof plug for diverting fluid to a fluid passageway and for allowing an on-board downhole transmitter to be near the drill bit. Also, the blade assembly can be placed so as to divert fluid from the nozzle to an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the drill string.

Abstract: Apparatus for in-situ treatment of contaminated soil that includes an elongated hollow drive shaft mounted for rotation about its axis while being supported in vertical orientation. The upper end of the drive shaft is connected for selective injection of fluid under pressure into the shaft. A drill is affixed to the lower end of the shaft for drilling a hole downwardly through the soil. The drill comprises a hollow sleeve mounted to the lower end of the shaft and extending therefrom coaxially with the shaft. A pair of drill blades are cantilevered from the sleeve, and extend outwardly therefrom at right angles diametrically opposite to and aligned with each other. Each blade is of identical uniform cross section and carries a plurality of radially spaced drill teeth oriented tangentially of the sleeve along a leading radial edge of the blade. A hollow pipe extends along the trailing edge of each blade, and has orifices for injecting fluid from the sleeve and the pipe into the earth as the blade is rotated.

Abstract: A well penetrator has a housing moveable down a well casing with a radially moveable punch being supported in the housing for movement between retracted and extended positions; a fluid jet is discharged from the outer end of the punch with liquid for the jet coming from a tube fixedly positioned at one end in the housing and held in slightly bowed condition when the punch is retracted to permit movement of the punch to its extended position from its retracted condition without the creation of excessive force on this metal tube. The jet creates a bulbous drumstick shaped cavity in the earth which is packed with a gravel slurry which hardens and cannot move into the casing due to the bulbous shape of the hardened slurry mass. Similar procedures are employed using a hose or lance with a nozzle at its outer end; one nozzle embodiment includes radial jets activated to transversely enlarge the cavity at a location spaced from the casing.

Abstract: A high pressure pipe consisting of a flexible high pressure hose which is attached at both ends to a tube. The tube is stiffer than the high pressure hose in order to allow the high pressure hose to be pushed into the ground without bending or buckling and thereby forming a hole in the ground.

Abstract: A manifold for a borehole miner, wherein the manifold is rigidly secured to a first and a second pipe of a pipe bundle; movably connected to at least one other pipe; and provided with a collimating nozzle unit associated with a deflector plate unit, such that a pressurized abrasive jet spray can be directed against the walls of a bore hole, and the back splash from the jet spray will be prevented from adversely affecting the pipes in the pipe bundle by the deflector plate unit.

Abstract: A rotary drill bit (10) has fluid discharge nozzles (36A, 36B, 36C) positioned between adjacent pairs of roller cutters (20A, 20B, 20C). A fluid discharge nozzle (36A) provides a stream of drilling fluid (44) directed toward an adjacent roller cutter (20A) and slanted toward the bore hole side wall away from a radial direction at a slant impact angle B for first impacting the side wall (34), and then sweeping in a high velocity stream along the corner surface (33) and inwardly across the bore hole bottom (32) at cutting element engagement locations (39).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating an underground bore hole employing a steerable boring head at the end of a remotely driven drill string. The boring head, preformed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the trailing pipe string to bore along a curvilinear path is straightened by increasing the pressure of the fluid within the drill string above a predetermined range to enable drilling along a linear path. Subsequent reduction of the fluid pressure to normal drilling pressure returns the boring head to its former state along a resumption of a curvilinear drill path.

Abstract: An underreamer tool has a body with upper and lower portions having an upper cutter blade slot extending transversely through the upper portion and a lower cutter blade slot extending transversely through the lower portion at a right angle thereto. The upper and lower portions have central bores separated by a wall and connected by upper and lower fluid flow passageways bypassing the cutter blade slots. An upper pair of cutter blades mounted in the upper cutter blade slot and a lower pair of cutter blades mounted in the lower cutter blade slot move between a retracted position within the slots and an extended position outward therefrom. An upper piston in the central bore above the upper cutter blade slot has its bottom end engaged on the upper cutter blades and a lower piston in the central bore above the lower cutter blade slot has its bottom end engaged on the lower cutter blades.

Abstract: A cavitating jet nozzle is disclosed for producing cavitation in a pressurized fluid such as a water used to clean a surface. The cavitating jet nozzle includes a pin received at a central position which lowers the pressure of the pressurized fluid such that cavitation bubbles form in the fluid. The pin is free-floating relative to a securing member which retains the pin in the nozzle, and is thus self-centering. The inventive cavitating nozzle is easily maintained since the pin is self-centering and need not be repeatedly centered. The pin preferably has an end face upstream of an outlet portion of the nozzle.

Abstract: A boring bit for drilling is provided comprising one set of rotatable toothed wheels secured thereon as well as one set of tubular nozzles and one central nozzle for injecting drilling fluid from a chamber in bit body toward the bottom of a borehole. The boring bit comprises the inlet end of said tubular nozzle being secured on the bit body and connected with said chamber while its outlet end is quite close during operation to the lowest point of toothed wheels and the bottom of a borehole, and the fluid passage of said tubular nozzle from the inlet end to the outlet end is straight and cylindrical. Branch fluid passages are provided on the main fluid passage of said central nozzle for washing and cooling toothed wheels.

Abstract: A tool supporting device for use in mining machines has a base abutting a tool holder which is biased against the base by a wedge-like resilient coupling member. The abutting surfaces of the base and tool holder have aligned holes including a blind hole in the base and a stepped through hole in the holder. The bottom surface in the blind hole serves as an abutment for an annular elastic sealing element which is deformed by the rear portion of a nozzle having an orifice in the through hole and an external shoulder which abuts an internal shoulder between the larger-diameter and smaller-diameter sections of the through hole. When the two shoulders abut each other and the tool holder is coupled to the base, the rear portion of the nozzle deforms the sealing element to prevent leakage of coolant, such as water, from a liquid-supplying channel which is provided in the base and has a discharge end in the bottom surface in register with the inlet of the nozzle.

Abstract: A rotary well drilling unit, particularly for water wells, comprises a tubular rotatable drill string string through which water is pumped. Attached to the lower end of the drill string is a drill head having side-by-side cutter blades. The cutter blades are cammed radially outwardly to expand in diameter when the drill string is lowered to drill a hole sized to receive a well casing lowered behind the drill, and are cammed radially inwardly so as to contract in diameter to clear the casing when the string is lifted. The same drill may be used for drilling wells of different diameters by merely substituting cutter blades.

Abstract: A rotary drill bit (10) has fluid discharge nozzles (36A, 36B, 36C) positioned between adjacent pairs of roller cutters (20A, 20B, 20C). A fluid discharge nozzle (36A) provides a stream of drilling fluid (44) toward an adjacent roller cutter (20A) inclined radially outwardly toward the side wall (34) of the bore hole (30) and slanted toward the roller cutter (20A) for first striking the side wall (34), and then sweeping inwardly across the bore hole bottom (32) in a flat high velocity stream tangential to bit rotation and beneath the cutting elements (26) during cutting engagement of the gage row (28D) with the formation.

Abstract: An excavation apparatus includes a suction system with a suction tank pneumatically connected to a blower through a filter subassembly. A suction hose is pneumatically connected to the suction tank. A liquid jet system includes a liquid reservoir fluidically connected to a liquid pump, which in turn is fluidically connected to a spray wand. The suction and liquid jet systems are mounted on a vehicle. An excavation method includes the steps of dislodging earthen material with a liquid jet from the spray wand and sucking it into the suction tank with the suction system.

Abstract: A water spray unit is provided, to be located in a receiving bore provided in a pick box. The unit comprises an elongate nozzle portion and a fastener for the nozzle portion. The nozzle portion has an internal water receiving chamber and a water inlet orifice communicates with the chamber. At one end of the nozzle portion, a water discharge orifice communicates with the chamber. An external screw thread is provided on the fastener and drive surfaces on the fastener serve to screw or unscrew the fastener. One end of the nozzle portion is distal from said fastener and terminates in a nose having a frustoconical sealing surface, adapted, in use, to be forced by the fastener, into tight, water sealing engagement with a complementary frustoconical seat of the receiving bore. The invention also includes a pick box provided with such a water spray and a rotary cutting head provided with such a pick box.

Abstract: Hydraulic drilling method and apparatus in which the drilling fluid itself is utilized to control the direction in which a hole is bored in the earth. The drilling fluid is discharged through a plurality of forwardly facing nozzles which are inclined at different angles about the axis of the drill head, and the drilling fluid is selectively applied to the nozzles by a rotatable valve member to control the direction in which the hole is cut.

Abstract: A post hole digger and a method of implanting a post in the ground. A boring implement having a piercing free end and also having an attachment flange is secured to an end portion of a post to be implanted in the ground. The implement has a tapered body section with a projecting serrated edge on opposed sides thereof. The serrated edges extend angularly from a common longitudinal plane and in opposed angular directions. A pipe section is secured to the implement and a garden hose is connected thereto whereby to direct a stream of water in the direction of said piercing free end whereby axial rotation and counter-rotation of said post causes the implement to bore into the ground to cause said post to descend in a bore hole. After the post is implanted the garden hose is disconnected from the pipe section by applying a pulling force on the hose.

Abstract: To cut, bore or similarly machine rock, ore, stratified coal or other objects, a medium is delivered under high pressure through a supply pipe to a nozzle. The supply pipe is designed as a pendulum-type pipe, in particular in the form of a flexible high-pressure hose, and executes, together with the nozzle, rapid, for example oscillating and/or circular, movements along a guide. In this way, straight cuts and/or holes can be made very rapidly and simple in rock. The cut width can be controlled by the arrangement and fitting in particular of a plurality of nozzles, depending on the rock and pressure medium. In particular, an eccentric element which functions as a drive mechanism permits a circular movement of the nozzle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating an underground bore hole using high pressure fluid within a drill string to disturb and displace the subsoil. The drill string is steerable by increasing the pressure of the fluid above a predetermined range to a second range and apparatus is responsive thereto to effect a bending movement and change in the direction of the drill string.

Abstract: An abrasive swivel assembly for providing a rotating, particle-laden fluid stream and, ultimately, a rotating particle-laden fluid jet is disclosed herein. This assembly includes a tubular arrangement for providing a particle-free stream of fluid, a swivel assembly for rotating a section of the tubular arrangement, and a tubular end section for introducing solid particles into the particle-free fluid stream at a point along the rotating tubular section, whereby to produce a particle-laden fluid stream. This last-mentioned stream can then be used in combination with a cooperating nozzle arrangement for providing a rotating particle-laden fluid jet. In an actual working embodiment, the fluid stream is of sufficiently high pressure so that the abrasive jet can be used as a cutting jet.

Abstract: Hydraulic drilling method and apparatus in which the drilling fluid itself is utilized to control the direction in which a hole is bored in the earth. The orientation of the drill head is monitored by tilt and roll sensors, and the discharge of drilling fluid through radially or obliquely directed nozzles is controlled by poppet valves in accordance with the orientation to control the direction in which the hole is cut.

Abstract: A combination bit for both drilling a pilot hole and cutting coke from a coking drum. A manually operable flow divider/diverter valve permits a single workman to quickly and easily change from pilot hold drilling mode to cutting mode without having to change bits.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for drilling a pilot bore hole (B) along an underground arcuate path (P) between two surface locations (O, E). The pilot bore hole (B) is drilled in one direction with a drill string (10) having a leading pipe section (10A) of a reduced diameter to provide increased flexibility. Upon completion of the pilot bore hole (B), a reamer (48) connected to a product conduit (46) is connected to the drill string (10). Drill string (10) pulls the reamer (48) and product conduit (46) along the pilot bore hole (B) in an opposite direction for enlarging the bore hole (B) to receive the product conduit (46). A spud bit (34) has a flat or blunt leading end portion (34A) with a discharge opening (34D) therein to discharge high velocity drilling fluid into the formation at a location offset from the longitudinal axis of the drill string (10) to assist in guiding the drill string (10). An in-hole hydraulic motor (70) is provided in an embodiment (FIG.