Abstract: A device, in particular a vehicle, intended to be moved by muscle force, including an electric machine, which influences the movement of the device in addition to the muscle force and which produces an additional force, at least one sensor for measuring the muscle force acting on the device, and apparatuses for controlling the production of the additional force by the electric machine on the basis of the measurement signal of the sensor. The apparatuses for controlling the production of the driving and/or braking force include a load device for converting electrical energy produced by the electric machine operating as a generator into another form of energy, in particular heat.

Abstract: Motor-generators are arranged both at front and rear wheels so as to be capable of using all of four wheels for regeneration. The horizontal axis indicates deceleration of a vehicle, and the vertical axis indicates braking forces for the front and rear wheels, respectively above and below the horizontal axis. A setting value indicates a limit braking force for the rear wheels to be locked. A frictional braking force and a regenerative braking force at the rear wheels are controlled so that the total braking force for the rear wheels does not exceed the setting value.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, configured in the form of an enclosed powered flywheel, operating in a horizontal plane, which functions both as an on-board gyroscope, to stabilize a vehicle from rolling over, and to simultaneously provide vehicular locomotion, through a power train, with the flywheel rotated by at least one fueled piston, of a hosting combustion chamber, internal to the flywheel.

Abstract: A riding lawn care vehicle may include a battery power source, an electric drive motor, at least one blade drive motor, a current sensor, and a controller. The electric drive motor may be powered by the battery power source. The electric drive motor may be operably coupled to wheels of the riding lawn care vehicle to provide drive power for the riding lawn care vehicle. The at least one blade drive motor may be powered by the battery power source. The at least one blade drive motor may be operably coupled to at least one cutting blade of the riding lawn care vehicle. The current sensor may be disposed to monitor total current drawn from the battery power source. The controller may receive total current data from the current sensor and provide feedback to an operator of the riding lawn care vehicle based on the total current data.

Abstract: A method according to an embodiment of the invention is provided for identifying at least one routing option for use in routing a user from a current location to at least one destination comprising.

Abstract: An anti-skate device for a drive axle of a motor vehicle may include a free-spinning body having an axis of rotation that is generally perpendicular to the drive axle of the vehicle. The free-spinning body may be coupled to the drive axle by a rotational damper.

Abstract: A brake system for a land vehicle includes at least one wheel brake; a pump configured to pump hydraulic fluid from the inlet side of the pump to the outlet side of the pump; at least one intermediate store for receiving hydraulic fluid; a hydraulic connection between the intermediate store and the inlet side of the pump; at least one first valve arrangement for blocking a hydraulic connection between the outlet side of the pump and the at least one wheel brake; at least one second valve arrangement for blocking a hydraulic connection between the at least one wheel brake and the inlet side of the pump; and at least one third valve arrangement for blocking a hydraulic connection between the outlet side of the pump and the intermediate store.

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus for generating power using inertia of a load in a moving vehicle. The apparatus includes a vessel having a volume that is capable of an expansion and a contraction, and containing a fluid under a pressure. The fluid is released from the vessel as a force is exerted by the load of the vehicle against the vessel. The apparatus includes a reservoir, operably connected to the vessel by fluid conduit. The reservoir contains the fluid under pressure until an optimum pressure is reached at which point the reservoir releases the fluid to a power generator. The power generator then generates electrical power. Excess fluid released from the power generator then returns to the vessel.

Abstract: A damper includes a polarized capacitor electrically connected to an electromagnetic motor. The surface area at a first fluid chamber side of a piston head is different from the surface area at a second fluid chamber side of the piston head in a cylinder. A positive electrode side of the polarized capacitor is connected to the electromagnetic motor at a side at which output voltage from the electromagnetic motor is positive when the piston head is displaced toward the first fluid chamber side.

Abstract: A driveline for a vehicle is provided. The driveline includes a power source, a planetary gearset, a lockout clutch, a transmission, and a kinetic energy recovery system. The planetary gearset includes a sun gear, a carrier having a plurality of planet gears rotatably disposed thereon, and a ring gear. The power source is in driving engagement with a portion of the planetary gearset. The lockout clutch is capable of placing the planetary gearset in a locked out condition. The transmission is in driving engagement with another portion of the planetary gearset. The kinetic energy recovery system includes an accessory clutch and a flywheel. The accessory clutch facilitates driving engagement between the flywheel and another portion of the planetary gearset. The lockout clutch and the accessory clutch are selectively engaged to facilitate a transfer of energy to and from the transmission and the flywheel.

Abstract: An electric machine combined with an electronic control unit including a set of onboard maps of a same setpoint parameter on the basis of first and second operating variables of the machine, each of the maps being associated with a different level of a third operating parameter of the electric machine. The maps include ranges of authorized values, and at least one range of extrapolated values. The electronic control unit is configured, for values of the third parameter not associated with one of the onboard maps, to use interpolated values between two authorized values, or between one authorized value and one extrapolated value.

Abstract: The invention described herein provides an energy transfer system via a tire based inductor system. By using the tire, the area inside the tire, the tire rim, or the wheel as the inductive pick-up for a powered roadway system the prior art problems are solved. Namely, since the tire/wheel is always in contact, or near contact with the road, the air gap is reduced to a minimum, and substantially fixed, distance. By mounting the secondary on the perimeter of a wheel, relative motion between the road and inductor is minimized. In addition, the pick-up can be encased in the tire, eliminating the problem of road debris, snow and ice entirely. Also, some heating of the tire due to electrical losses may enhance traction and tread performance on snowy or wet roads. In all configurations, the vehicle's wheel suspension adjusts vertically adjusting for road imperfections and obstacles.

Abstract: A vehicle driveline and a method for synchronizing a flywheel and the vehicle driveline are provided. The vehicle driveline includes a power source, a primary clutch drivingly engaged with the power source, a primary transmission drivingly engaged with the primary clutch, a secondary transmission drivingly engaged with one of a portion of the primary clutch and an input of the primary transmission, a controller in communication with the secondary transmission, and a flywheel drivingly engaged with the secondary transmission. The vehicle driveline facilitates a transfer of energy to and from the flywheel based on at least one of a state of charge of the flywheel, a power requirement of the vehicle driveline, and a state of operation of the power source.

Abstract: An energy saving automatic air conditioning control system and an energy saving automatic air conditioning control method enable consumption of a fuel or a battery (referred to as energy) to be minimized and a possible travel distance to be improved by processing data including road environment information such as road loss information, including altitude and traffic information, vehicle information such as a current acceleration/deceleration of a vehicle, and driver tendency information for manipulation of an air conditioner such as control of an air conditioning temperature and stages, automatically determining an air conditioning control time point, and displaying the determined automatic manipulation and control form on a map path of a navigation system.

Abstract: A ground level power supply system includes a live track capable of being brought to a supply voltage and a neutral track for the return current, with the live track being constituted of rectangular segments; a first voltage source capable of supplying a low supply voltage and a second voltage source capable of supplying a high supply voltage, each segment being connected by a controlled selector either to the first voltage source, or to the second voltage source; a speedometer capable of measuring the speed of a vehicle travelling over a section of a roadway equipped with the system; and a selection device capable of acquiring the vehicle speed measured by the speedometer, then comparing the speed measured with a threshold speed, and controlling the selector based on the results of the comparison.

Abstract: A hydrostatic driveline has a power source, a transmission portion, a hydrostatic pump, a hydrostatic motor, a transfer case, a first axle assembly, an inter-axle drive shaft, and a second axle assembly. The transmission portion is drivingly engaged with the power source. The hydrostatic pump is in driving engagement with the transmission portion. The hydrostatic motor is in fluid communication with the hydrostatic pump. The transfer case is in driving engagement with the hydrostatic motor. The inter-axle drive shaft is in driving engagement with the transfer case and the transmission portion. The transmission portion, the hydrostatic pump, the hydrostatic motor, the transfer case, and the inter-axle shaft form a first power path for the hydrostatic driveline and the transmission portion and the inter-axle shaft form a second power path for the hydrostatic driveline.

Abstract: A system for controlling a mode of operation of a vehicle having a rechargeable energy storage system (RESS), an engine, and a drive motor coupled to the RESS and the engine, the drive motor selectively powered by at least one of the RESS and the engine includes a controller operable to adjust the vehicle to operate in a plurality of operating modes including a first mode in which the drive motor is powered by the RESS, a second mode in which the drive motor is powered more by the engine than the RESS. When the second mode of operation is selected, controller is configured to operate the engine as necessary to maintain the RESS at or above a predetermined state of charge.

Abstract: A method for increasing fuel economy of a vehicle such as a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) having an engine and a battery each configured to supply power to propel the vehicle includes supplying power from the battery and operating the engine below peak efficiency to supply from the engine only the difference in power between a demanded power and the power which the battery can deliver when the demanded power exceeds the power which the battery can deliver.

Abstract: The embodiments disclose a method and apparatus for controlling the output ratio of the speed of operation and distribution of power/energy from a primary power source, applying continuously variable resistance using a multiple axis continually variable differential transmission to a primary power source input to adjust the rotational power level and speed output to match an operator adjustable performance speed setting at the same, slower decelerated or faster accelerated speed or power level in the same or reverse direction; and controlling the operation of the multiple axis continually variable differential transmission to match the operator desired performance speed using a programmable control system to process operator input, load stored operating parameters, and modify operating parameters based on operator input and adjusting continuously variable resistance operations.

Abstract: A method and system for operating a motor vehicle brake system, including several wheel brakes, an electrically controllable pressure supply device, dispenses a pressure medium volume for actuating the brakes, and an analogized or analog-controlled inlet valve, arranged in each wheel brake between the pressure supply device and wheel brake, for adjusting wheel-individual brake pressures. A check valve is connected in parallel to each inlet valve. At the start of a wheel-individual brake pressure control, all inlet valves are closed, and a pressure build-up is carried out in a predetermined group of one or more wheel brakes by displacing a pressure medium volume into the predetermined group of wheel brakes by the pressure supply device. Each inlet valve of the predetermined group is controlled such that the inlet valve is overflowed, wherein each inlet valve of the remaining wheel brakes is controlled such that the inlet valve remains closed.

Abstract: A hybrid work vehicle is provided with an internal combustion engine for supplying driving force to a running device and a work implement via a transmission shaft, a motor generator for assisting the internal combustion engine by outputting power to the transmission shaft, and a battery for receiving charging electricity from the motor generator and giving driving electricity to the motor generator. A load information generation unit generates load information indicating a rotational load received by the internal combustion engine when in a constant-speed control mode for maintaining a constant number of revolutions of the internal combustion engine, based on an input parameter, and an assistance calculation unit calculates an amount of assistance for internal combustion engine by the motor generator, based on the load information when in the constant-speed control mode.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for delivering power to a hybrid vehicle is disclosed. The apparatus includes an apparatus for delivering power to a hybrid vehicle, the hybrid vehicle including a powertrain having a power take-off coupling, the powertrain including an engine and a transmission. The apparatus includes an electric motor operable to generate a torque, the motor being coupled to transmit a starting torque through the power take-off of the powertrain for starting the engine.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein consists of an active electromechanical suspension and power generation system using an accelerometer connected to a controller. The electromechanical suspension consists of a geared motor and spring, which are used to isolate the vehicle chassis from the wheel, with the motor also functioning as a generator. The controller uses a 3-axis accelerometer's data to determine which direction to turn the motor and when to turn it.

Abstract: A method for calculating a regenerative braking amount of a hybrid electric vehicle includes calculating a first possible available charging power of a motor when regenerative braking of the hybrid electric vehicle is required; calculating a second possible charging power of the motor by using the first possible charging power of the motor; converting the second possible charging power of the motor to a torque of a wheel axle; calculating an available amount of regenerative braking by reflecting a coasting torque on the torque of the wheel axle; generating a motor torque command based on the available amount of regenerative braking; and calculating a final regenerative braking amount by monitoring a real motor torque according to the motor torque command and correcting an error.

Abstract: An electric generating device includes a motor having a rotary member, an electric generating mechanism having an engaging member, and a transmission device includes a primary gearing mechanism having a follower attached to a primary shaft and engaged with the rotary member of the motor, and another follower engaged with the engaging member of the electric generating mechanism for allowing the engaging member of the electric generating mechanism to be driven by the motor, and a secondary gearing mechanism includes another follower attached to a secondary shaft and engaged with the primary gearing mechanism for being driven by the primary gearing mechanism.

Abstract: Electrical connection arrangement (32) for a charging system (10), especially for charging a vehicle battery (14) of a motor vehicle (12), comprising a first connecting element (28) that can be connected to a charging station (20) and that can establish electrical charging contact with the second connecting element (30) which is supported on a mobile platform (12). At least one heating element (40) is integrated into the first connecting element and/or into the second connecting element.

Abstract: An active damping system has an electrically controlled actuator including: a steering wheel angle sensor; a yaw rate sensor; a lateral acceleration sensor; a vertical acceleration sensor; a roll angle sensor; a control mode determining unit configured to receive the signals detected by the sensors, thereby determining a control mode; a control signal generating unit configured to generate a control signal depending upon the control mode determined by the control mode determining unit; an electric motor which is operated according to the control signal of the control signal generating unit; and a ball screw which is rotated in cooperation with a rotation shaft of the electric motor at one side, and is meshed with an axle of the vehicle at the other side to vary a distance between the vehicle body and the axle according to the rotation of the electric motor.

Abstract: The embodiments herein disclose a braking system with high brake efficiency comprises a retainer main shaft, a retainer chassis, a brake assembly, a turbine assembly, a locker assembly and a buffer. The retainer main shaft is shaft provided in the vehicle for power transfer from the engine onto the wheels. The retainer chassis is perpendicularly connected to the retainer main shaft and provides a rigid support to the retainer main shaft. The brake assembly is connected to the retainer main shaft through a plurality of ball bearings. The turbine assembly is mounted over the brake assembly. The locker assembly is connected to the brake assembly through a plurality of cams. The locker assembly is further connected to the turbine assembly through a locker base. The buffer is connected between the brake assembly and the turbine assembly to redistribute an excess pressure exerted on the turbine assembly.

Abstract: A hydraulic system for a vehicle includes a variable displacement pump configured to pressurize a fluid based on a pump stroke, a clutch, and a controller that is coupled to the variable displacement pump and the clutch. The clutch is positioned to selectively couple the variable displacement pump with an engine when engaged and selectively decouple the variable displacement pump from the engine when disengaged. The controller is configured to generate a first command signal to decrease the pump stroke and thereafter generate a second command signal to disengage the clutch.

Abstract: A system for controlling regenerative braking in an electrified vehicle to prevent or minimize reduction of overall braking torque during wheel slip events includes an antilock braking system adapted to transmit an antilock braking system active signal and a regeneration powertrain interfacing with the antilock braking system. The regeneration powertrain is adapted to inhibit regenerative braking torque reduction responsive to receiving the antilock braking system active signal during a high deceleration braking event. A method for controlling regenerative braking in an electrified vehicle to prevent or minimize reduction of overall braking torque during wheel slip events is also disclosed.

Abstract: In an engine system of a machine having a multi fuel engine system, an energy accumulator is provide to accumulate and store energy when the engine system is in a low engine power usage or low engine load state, and to discharge energy from the energy accumulator when the engine system is in a high engine usage or high engine load state. The energy accumulator may be implemented, for example, in the form of a gaseous fuel accumulator that delivers gaseous fuel to the engine, a hydraulic fuel accumulator that provides pressurized fluid to power a fuel pump, or a battery pack that powers an electric hydraulic pump.

Abstract: A driving device for hybrid vehicle, having an engine, a first motor capable of generating electric power by driving force of the engine, a second motor capable of supplying driving force to drive wheels, a first driving force transmission path for transmitting driving force of the engine to the drive wheels, a second driving force transmission path for transmitting driving force between the first motor and the engine, and a third driving force transmission path for transmitting driving force of the second motor to the drive wheels, includes a second damper capable of absorbing torque fluctuations in the second driving force transmission path and a third damper capable of absorbing torque fluctuations in the third driving force transmission path, in addition to a first damper capable of absorbing torque fluctuations in the first driving force transmission path.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling regenerative braking of a hybrid electric vehicle are provided and that adjust a regenerative braking torque by classifying as at least two or more regenerative braking modes and applying different regenerative braking slopes to each mode. The apparatus includes a motor controller that is configured to adjust a driving torque of a motor and a brake controller that is configured to adjust hydraulic pressure supplied to a brake cylinder of a wheel by calculating a braking torque. A hybrid controller is configured to adjust a regenerative braking torque by classifying as at least two or more regenerative braking modes and applying different regenerative braking slopes based on each mode.

Abstract: An electric vehicle utilizes an internal combustion engine to drive the vehicle's main electric drive system in the regeneration mode and to charge the battery when the vehicle is stopped. The electric vehicle's main drive controller and motor are used as the generator to recharge the battery when the vehicle is stopped via a clutch mechanism allowing the motor to act as a generator while the vehicle is at rest. As the vehicle proceeds throughout the drive cycle, the vehicle is powered by the electric motor from the battery. The battery is recharged to a specified state of charge when the vehicle is parked. The internal combustion engine only operates to charge the battery, and the electric motor is used to propel the vehicle.

Abstract: Systems and method for controlling the flow and dissipation of thermal energy away from a weld between two components are provided. In one example embodiment, a structure may comprise a protrusion; a first component thermally coupled to the protrusion; a second component having a lower heat dissipation rate than the first component; a weld formed using a welding process to couple the protrusion to the second component, wherein the welding process generates thermal energy; and wherein the first component in combination with the protrusion dissipates the thermal energy from the welding process at about an equivalent rate as the second component.

Abstract: A brake control system which can maintain the behavior of a vehicle stable when wheels slip. A slip amount detector (56), configured to detect an amount of slip at the front and rear wheels, is connected to a second ECU (35). A first ECU (27) has a regenerative slip control unit which executes repeatedly a slip restricting control in which, while the front wheels are being detected as slipping based on a detection value of the slip amount detector during the execution of regenerative braking by a motor-generator (55), the amount of regenerative braking by the motor-generator is reduced by a predetermined amount, and thereafter, the resulting reduced amount of regenerative braking is held for a predetermined period of time. The regenerative slip control unit sets the predetermined reduction amount larger than a predetermined reduction amount by which the amount of regenerative braking is reduced in the slip restricting control.

Abstract: A motor driver for driving a motor is disclosed. The motor driver has a first power bus, a first switching device coupled between the first power bus and a first terminal of the motor, a second power bus, a second switching device coupled between the second power bus and a second terminal of the motor, and an integrated braking chopper coupled between the first and second power buses. The integrated braking chopper is configured to dissipate an extra power generated by the motor.

Abstract: A power transmission device for a hybrid vehicle includes a transmission device that includes a carrier to which an engine rotation shaft is connected; a differential device that includes a plurality of rotation components individually connected to a ring gear of the transmission device, an MG1 rotation shaft, an MG2 rotation shaft, and a drive wheel; a gear shift adjustment device that includes an engagement portion capable of controlling the transmission device to a neutral state where transmission of power between the carrier and the ring gear is not allowed or to a state where the transmission of power is allowed; and an HVECU that includes a first step of decreasing a rotating speed of a first rotating electric machine at the time an engine is started up during an EV travel mode.

Abstract: A control device in a hybrid vehicle includes a controller capable of switching, between an operating state and a non-operating state, a fuel-cut recovery control in which engine rotation speed is kept at or above a predetermined rotation speed by starting supply of fuel upon the engine rotation speed falling to the predetermined rotation speed from a state in which the engine rotation speed is higher than the predetermined rotation speed and the supply of fuel is stopped.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to improve the operation efficiency of an internal combustion engine while supplying a required drive force for an electric motor. A power generation control device determines the appropriateness of power generation by a power generator in accordance with the state of a storage battery, and when allowing power generation, sets the amount of power generation equivalent to an output required for cruising in accordance with a travelling state, while setting an additional amount of power generation in accordance with the amount of power required depending on a vehicle state and the traveling state.

Abstract: The vehicle braking device has a hydraulic braking force generating device, a regeneration braking force generating device, a braking operation amount detection portion and a required braking force calculation portion. The vehicle braking device controls the hydraulic braking force generating device and the regeneration braking force generating device so as to apply the required braking force to the wheels. The vehicle braking device has a braking force adjustment control portion for executing braking force adjustment control for limiting the rate at which the regeneration braking force is increased and increasing the hydraulic braking force before the current regeneration braking force reaches a maximum regeneration braking force, that is, the maximum braking force that can be generated by the regeneration braking force generating device.

Abstract: A method and system are described for on-board treatment of an exhaust stream containing CO2 emitted by a hydrocarbon-fueled internal combustion engine (ICE) used to power a vehicle in order to reduce the amount of CO2 discharged into the atmosphere which include: a. a first waste heat recovery zone on board the vehicle for receiving the high temperature exhaust gas stream, at least one heat exchanger having an inlet for receiving the hot exhaust gas stream from the ICE for passage in heat exchange relation and a discharge outlet for discharging the exhaust stream at a lower temperature, the heat recovery zone further including at least one heat recovery device for converting the waste heat from the exhaust gas to electrical and/or mechanical energy; b.

Abstract: A flywheel operated vehicle. The engine drives the flywheel using a differential axle, while also driving a pair of other differentials each of which is connected to a respective drive wheel. The rotation of half shafts of the pair of differentials are controlled to determine the extent of power transferred from the flywheel to the drive wheels during acceleration, and determines the power transferred from the drive wheels to the flywheel during deceleration of the vehicle. The flywheel can be tilted about a roll axis of the vehicle to counteract roll tendencies of the vehicle when turning a sharp corner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydraulic circuit comprising: an accumulator (11) a hydraulic device (1) a primary line (12) and a secondary line (13) connecting each said accumulator (11) to the hydraulic device (1), the primary line (12) comprising a restriction (14) and a primary distributor (15) adapted to selectively connect the hydraulic device (1) to the accumulator (11) or to a tank (R), the secondary line (13) comprising a secondary distributor (16) alternating between a first configuration in which it blocks the secondary line (13), and a second configuration in which it is passing, said secondary distributor (16) being controlled via the pressure within the primary line (12) downstream of the primary distributor (15) relative to the hydraulic accumulator (11), such that switching from the first to the second configuration of the secondary distributor (16) takes place only when the pressure in the primary line (12) reaches a threshold value.

Abstract: A hybrid drive of a motor vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine with a drive shaft, an electric machine having a rotor and being operable as a motor and as a generator, and a multistage conventional gearbox with two coaxially arranged input shafts and a common output shaft. The first input shaft is arranged centrally within the second input shaft which is embodied as a hollow shaft. The first input shaft can be connected to the drive shaft of the internal combustion engine via an assigned clutch; the second input shaft has a drive connection to the rotor of the electric machine; and the two input shafts can be selectively placed in a drive connection with the output shaft via a plurality of gearwheel sets with a different transmission ratio and a shiftable speed clutch.

Abstract: A method for maximizing regenerative energy captured by an electric machine in a powertrain including an engine, the electric machine and a transmission device configured to transfer torque through a driveline includes detecting an operator brake request and monitoring a time between the detected operator brake request and a preceding operator brake request that was last detected. A maximized regenerative deceleration event is initiated if the time exceeds a predetermined threshold time that includes monitoring a current fixed gear ratio that is selected from among a plurality of fixed gear ratios of the transmission device when the operator brake request is detected and applying a magnitude of torque at the axle that is sufficient for achieving a maximum capability of the electric machine to capture regenerative energy in the current fixed gear ratio.

Abstract: An up and down restoration treading leisure exercise apparatus comprises a rack body, a rear wheel shaft gear, a braking component, an unidirectional flywheel, a spindle component, a chain wheel, a driving belt and a transmission belt. The spindle component is disposed to the rack body. The shaft core of the spindle component is provided for mounting the unidirectional flywheel and the chain wheel. The driving belt is circularly disposed to the unidirectional flywheel to provide unidirectional transmission force. When a user downwardly treads the braking component, the branch bar of the braking component will pull the driving belt and enable the unidirectional flywheel and the chain wheel at the same axis to synchronously rotate. The chain wheel drives the rear wheel shaft gear and the rear wheel through the transmission belt.

Abstract: A method for charging a plug-in electric vehicle with an external power source. In an exemplary embodiment, the method receives one or more utility rate preferences from a user, determines the utility rates of a local utility company, determines the total charging time needed to charge the plug-in electric vehicle, uses the utility rate preferences, the utility rates and the total charging time to develop several charging options that are presented to a user, and charges the plug-in electric vehicle according to the charging option selection made by the user.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a system for idle reduction in a hybrid vehicle. The system includes a control system for causing the vehicle to operate in a charge depletion mode, or a charge accumulation mode in response to job site data; the job site data can include an estimate of the amount of energy required at the job site.

Abstract: A failure diagnosis method for a brake system of a vehicle determines whether the failure occurs in a regenerative braking device, a front-wheel friction braking device or a rear-wheel friction braking device. The method may include comparing a driver's required acceleration/deceleration with a current acceleration/deceleration of the vehicle, determining that a failure has occurred in the brake system of the vehicle when the driver's required acceleration/deceleration is different from the current acceleration/deceleration of the vehicle and comparing a driver's required braking torque with a regenerative braking maximum torque, and determining that the failure does not occur in the brake system of the vehicle when the driver's required acceleration/deceleration is substantially equal to the current acceleration/deceleration of the vehicle.