Abstract: A lower frame and an upper frame, which configure a main frame, are connected to each other by a first reinforcing frame, a second reinforcing frame, a third reinforcing frame, a fourth reinforcing frame, a fifth reinforcing frame, and a sixth reinforcing frame. A first engine hanger is welded to a lower end of the lower frame such that an atmospheric air communicating hole formed in a side face of the first engine hanger communicates with the inside of the lower frame. A first air vent port and a second air vent port for the lower frame and the upper frame and third air vent port formed in a third reinforcing frame and a fourth reinforcing frame are formed in side faces of the abutting portions so that they are not observed from the outside.

Abstract: A vehicle body frame of a motorcycle comprises a front frame portion extending rearward from a head pipe; and a rear frame portion extending downward or rearward from a rear end of the front frame portion. The front frame portion includes at least a pair of right and left frame members. A forward portion of the rear frame portion is a lumbar frame having a closed cross-section structure portion in which a pair of right and left steel plates and are joined together. Devices such as a canister, and an ABS unit, are easily mounted in spaces lateral relative to the lumbar frame having a reduced width, while ensuring a sufficient stiffness.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compensator assembly for use in a motorcycle. The compensator assembly includes an input member, and an output member driven by the input member through a torque-buffering interface. The compensator assembly also includes one or more lubrication passageways formed therein extending between a distal end and one or more interfaces to provide lubricant thereto.

Abstract: An hydraulic brake apparatus of a motorcycle, including a main frame having a pair of right and left frame members extending rearward from a head pipe, and equipment arranged in a space between the right and left frame members. The hydraulic brake apparatus further includes at least one brake fluid pipe, wherein the at least one brake fluid pipe is arranged so as to extend rearward from near the head pipe along an upper surface at least one of the frame members.

Abstract: A head pipe includes a pipe portion and a bracket portion contiguously formed on a rear portion of the pipe portion wherein front end portions of the main frames and a front end portion of the down frame are jointed to the bracket portion. A widthwise center line of the main frames in the vertical direction is directed toward an intermediate portion of the pipe portion in the vertical direction in a side view. An upper surface extension line and a lower surface extension line on the extension in the frontward direction of an upper surface and a lower surface of the main frames pass between an upper end and a lower end of the pipe portion as viewed in a side view. The down frame is inclined to be directed towards the intermediate portion of the pipe portion in the vertical direction as viewed in a side view.

Abstract: A cowl structure that is small in size and light, and that is effective in preventing air discharged from a radiator from being applied to the legs of the rider. An upper cowl includes ridges projecting laterally outwardly in the transverse direction of the vehicle, slanted surfaces extending from the ridges in the forward direction of the vehicle and directed toward the center of the vehicle, and rear slanted surfaces extending from the ridges in a rearward direction of the vehicle and directed toward the center of the vehicle. The air discharged from the radiator is not applied to the legs of the rider. Since the action is achieved simply by deforming the upper cowl, the cowl can be reduced in size and weight.

Abstract: A saddle-ride vehicle includes a vehicle-body frame, an engine, a seat, a storage box, a box lid, a box-side locking mechanism, a filler lid, a filler-side locking mechanism, an unlocking mechanism, a box-side cable, and a filler-side cable. The unlocking mechanism includes a key cylinder which is key-operated. The unlocking mechanism is disposed between a head pipe and the storage box. The box-side cable is connected to the key cylinder. The box-side cable is to be caused to unlock a lock of the box-side locking mechanism by turning a key in one of a clockwise direction and a counterclockwise direction. The filler-side cable is connected to the key cylinder. The filler-side cable is to be caused to unlock a lock of the filler-side locking mechanism by turning the key in another of the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes a body frame, a seat, a seat side cover, and a storage box. The seat is supported on a rear portion of the body frame. The storage box is placed below the seat. The storage box is covered with the seat side cover from an outside of the motorcycle in a vehicle width direction of the motorcycle. The lock mechanism is provided to lock and unlock the storage box. The lock mechanism includes an operation device to be operated by a user to at least unlock the lock mechanism. The operation device is mounted in an outer wall of the storage box. The seat side cover includes a cutout or an opening to enable the user to operate the operation device from the outside of the motorcycle in the vehicle width direction with avoiding the seat side cover.

Abstract: A motorcycle windshield assembly includes a windshield having a forward surface and an opposed rearward surface. An aperture is provided through the windshield. A duct positioned in the aperture. The duct has a forward facing inlet and a rearward facing outlet positioned above the inlet. The duct has a length of at least 3.0 inches measured along a centerline between the inlet and the outlet. The outlet extends rearward of the rearward windshield surface and is oriented at an angle that is at least about 21 degrees and not more than about 35 degrees with the windshield.

Abstract: In a motor driven vehicle in which an electric motor is disposed in a vehicle-body-rear portion of a swing arm swingably supported by a body frame and the vehicle travels by transmitting the drive force of the electric motor to a rear wheel, a vibration generating device for generating vibration in accordance with the transmitted drive force is installed on a drive force transmission path from the electric motor to the rear wheel. The vibration generating device includes a gear pair partially embedded with respective weights to lose a rotational balance during rotation. A sound producing device for producing a predetermined sound in accordance with the transmitted drive force is installed on the same transmission path. The sound producing device is driven by a transmitting device reciprocating through contact with a cam attached to a reduction gear serving as a rotating body.

Abstract: A braking device of a saddle-ride type vehicle that can reduce a load acting on a joint is provided. A joint 200 at a front-wheel brake output side which connects a metal pipe and a flexible brake hose is mounted on a body frame 2 via a mount rubber 260 under a floating state.

Abstract: A saddle riding type vehicle having a structure that supports a handle is provided. A handle cover includes first and second covers and a pulley cover. The first cover covers a front or rear part of a handle. The second cover covers the other side of the front or rear part of the handle. The pulley cover is provided in a space surrounded by the first and second covers. The first cover is provided with a pulley providing groove that covers a part of a pulley. The pulley is provided in the pulley providing groove. The pulley cover is provided on a side where the second cover is provided to the first cover. The pulley cover is attached to the first cover and covers the pulley together with the pulley providing groove.

Abstract: A two-wheeled vehicle is disclosed. The two-wheeled vehicle may include highway bars. The two-wheeled vehicle may include a steering axis which is tilted relative to a fork axis. The two-wheeled vehicle may be configured in a faring configuration and in a non-fairing configuration.

Abstract: A motorcycle (10) has a foot-operated accelerator pedal (32) for operating the throttle (58) of the engine (12). The pedal (32) and an adjacent brake pedal (34) have shapes correlated to not interfere with each other when they are depressed. The pedals may be provided as original equipment, or retrofitted to an existing motorcycle that has a hand-operated throttle controller.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a frame, an engine, a steering assembly, a steerable wheel, a brake system, a flywheel assembly, and a controller. The frame defines a roll axis. The engine is supported by the frame. The steering assembly is pivotally coupled with the frame and is pivotable about a steering axis. The steerable wheel is rotatably coupled with the steering assembly. The flywheel assembly comprises at least one inertial mass and is coupled with the frame. A controller is coupled with the flywheel assembly and is configured to facilitate rotation of said at least one inertial mass.

Abstract: A suspension system for use with a motorcycle includes a single body having two pneumatic cylinders in axial alignment therein. The suspension system may be sold in a kit, and may be installed in an existing front wheel fork.

Abstract: A handlebar support structure for sandwiching a steering handlebar (12) between a lower holder (25) and an upper holder (28) includes an instrument mounting area (30) for supporting an instrument panel unit (14) fitted removably thereto and a shield mounting area (32) for supporting a windshield (16) fitted removably thereto. The instrument mounting area (30) and the shield mounting area (32) are formed integrally with each other. The instrument mounting area (30) and the shield mounting area (32) altogether represent a forwardly pursed shape along a direction conforming to a forwardly tilted direction (D).

Abstract: A saddle riding vehicle having an accelerator operator includes an accelerator operation amount detecting unit connected to a second end portion of an accelerator cable having a first end portion connected to the accelerator operator, the accelerator operation amount detecting unit is disposed at a location less susceptible to the effect from an external force and steering of the steering handlebar with a space to permit removal of screws and other parts that may be dropped during the assembly process. An accelerator operation amount detecting unit includes a rotatable member connected to an accelerator cable so as to be rotated according to displacement of the accelerator cable and a cover plate extending in a longitudinal direction to cover the rotatable member from an upward direction. The accelerator operation amount detecting unit is disposed near a head pipe.

Abstract: A brake system is disclosed. The brake system includes a front brake, a rear brake, a right brake lever for operating the front brake, and a left brake lever for operating the rear brake. The brake system also includes a brake pedal for operating the front brake and rear brake such that the front brake and rear brake work in an interlocked manner.

Abstract: A system for performing posture control of a motorcycle is such that in outputting a synthesized output by adjusting a yaw direction output and a roll direction output outputted from a displacement detection sensor by an adjustment part respectively, a synthesized output in which the yaw direction output is larger than the roll direction output is outputted when a vehicle speed is low, and a synthesized output in which the roll direction output is larger than the yaw direction output is outputted when the vehicle speed is high. Accordingly, in either a case where the vehicle is traveling at a low speed or a case where the vehicle is traveling at a high speed, the displacement and the behavior of a motorcycle 10 can be detected with high accuracy thus eventually realizing a control of the posture of the motorcycle 10 with high accuracy.

Abstract: A motorcycle is provided that includes a connecting pipe, a throttle body, an intake pipe, and an air cleaner, which are intake system parts disposed forward of a cylinder of an engine and are connected to the front side of the cylinder. The motorcycle further includes an exhaust pipe and a muffler, which are exhaust system parts connected to the rear side of the cylinder. The cylinder is inclined rearward, and the exhaust pipe of an exhaust system part extends forward along one side of the motorcycle in a widthwise direction of the engine 50 and detours the front of the engine and then extends rearward along the other side of the motorcycle in a widthwise direction of the engine.

Abstract: To provide a vehicle capable of maintaining a stable state when a rider gets on the step plate or get off the step plate. A vehicle is a vehicle that performs a turning movement based on the rotation of step plates on which a rider rides in the left/right direction. The vehicle includes restriction means to enable the rotation of the step plates in the left/right direction to be restricted. The vehicle preferably further includes first control means that controls the restriction means so that the rotation of the step plates in the left/right direction is restricted when the rider gets on the step plates or gets off the step plates.

Abstract: A steering assist system for a motorcycle includes an actuator configured to provide a steering torque to steering of a motorcycle. A target-torque calculation unit is configured to obtain a target-torque for the steering, on a basis of a state of the motorcycle. A torque detecting unit is configured to detect a steering torque. A torque control unit is configured to drive an actuator on a basis of a deviation between the target torque obtained from the target-torque calculation unit and the steering torque obtained from the torque detecting unit.

Abstract: In a motorcycle, a seat frame portion connects to a main frame portion and extends rearward. A seat is arranged above the seat frame. A rear wheel is arranged below the seat frame portion. A rear arm supports the rear wheel in a vertically moveable fashion. A rear fender connects to the rear arm. The rear fender is situated at least partly between the seat frame portion and the rear wheel in the vertical direction. A sari guard is arranged at least partly to the side of the rear wheel. The rear end of the rear fender is situated rearward from the upper end of the rear wheel. The lower portion of the sari guard connects to the rear arm. The upper portion of the sari guard connects to the rear fender.

Abstract: A technique for suppressing vibrations generated in an air cleaner thus suppressing noise caused by the vibrations to a low level while reducing an increase in the number of parts. A motorcycle includes a seat frame, an air cleaner mounted on the seat frame and a body cover for covering the outside of the air cleaner. The body cover includes an upper body cover and a lower body cover formed by vertically dividing the body cover on a side of the air cleaner. An elastic member is sandwiched between the lower body cover and a side wall of the air cleaner. A wall member for partitioning the elastic member and a muffler from each other is mounted on the lower body cover.

Abstract: Disclosed is a battery holding structure of a two-wheeled vehicle. The two-wheeled vehicle includes a frame and a saddle. A storage box is arranged under the saddle. A power unit is arranged under the storage box. The frame is provided with a battery mounting seat. The storage box has a front end forming a shielding section. The shielding section forms a maintenance opening corresponding to the battery mounting seat. The battery mounting seat receives therein a battery to have the battery located within the range of the maintenance opening. To maintain the battery, it only needs to lift the saddle and remove the maintenance cover that covers the maintenance opening to allow the maintenance of the battery to be carried out. This simplifies the maintenance operation of the battery and also simplifies the maintenance of a nozzle of an air intake system provided for an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An airbag system of a saddle-ride type vehicle can include an airbag which is configured to be inflated and deployed in front of a rider. The airbag includes a plurality of expansion chambers, with the expansion chambers configured to be different in internal pressure during inflation and deployment.

Abstract: In a motorcycle having an air intake passage guiding an air flow to an internal combustion engine is formed between an upper surface of a front fender and a bottom plate of a front cowl covering a head pipe from the front and disposed just above a front wheel. The cooling performance of a heat exchanger disposed behind the front wheel and in front of an engine body is improved with a decrease in the air resistance by lowering the position of the front cowl. At least a part of an air intake duct is disposed above a front fender for supplying the air guided from an air flow inlet provided on the front end portion of a front cowl to an inlet system of an internal combustion engine. At least a part of the air intake duct forming a rear air intake passage is contained in the front cowl.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes a combustion engine (E) of a type, in which a cylinder block (34) protrudes upwardly from a crankcase (32), an air cleaner unit (42) for substantially purifying an air, and a supercharger (44) for taking a substantially purified air from the air cleaner unit (42) thereinto and supplying the air towards the combustion engine (E). The supercharger (44) is disposed rearwardly of the cylinder block (34) and the air cleaner unit (42) is disposed rearwardly thereof. Also, a surge tank (48) is disposed rearwardly upwardly of the cylinder block (34) of the combustion engine (E) and above the supercharger (44).

Abstract: An exhaust system for a motorcycle includes: an exhaust pipe connected to a cylinder head of an engine; a pair of right and left silencers connected to the exhaust pipe and disposed in right and left sides of a rear wheel respectively, wherein the exhaust pipe is branched into two in a rear of the cylinder head and in a front of a rear wheel suspension system and connected to the pair of right and left silencers respectively.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes a steering head, a steering assembly pivotably coupled to the steering head, at least one longitudinal frame member extending rearwardly from the steering head, and a rear frame member coupled to the longitudinal frame member. The rear frame member includes a mounting portion having a mounting surface, and first and second walls extending from the mounting surface at an oblique angle to the mounting surface. The motorcycle also includes a support coupled to the rear frame member. The support includes a coupling portion having a coupling surface, and first and second walls extending from the coupling surface at an oblique angle to the coupling surface. The first and second walls of the mounting portion are wedged against the first and second walls of the coupling portion, respectively, to substantially prevent rotation of the support with respect to the rear frame member.

Abstract: An electric vehicle includes a base; a front wheel that can be driven omnidirectionally; a rear wheel that is mounted on the base so that a symmetry axis is parallel with a symmetry axis of the front wheel; a seat member that is mounted so that a straight line connecting a wheel center of the front wheel and a wheel center of the rear wheel specifies a fore-and-aft direction; an controller that detects an acceleration and deceleration command and a turning command; an inclination sensor that detects inclination of the base; and a control unit that controls acceleration and deceleration of the base based on the acceleration and deceleration command detected by the controller, that controls turning of the base based on the turning command detected by the controller, and that controls translational motion of the base based on inclination of the base detected by the inclination sensor.

Abstract: A vehicle, such as a motorcycle, can include an engine and a head pipe provided ahead of the engine. Electrical equipment provided behind the head pipe and ahead of the engine can be partly exposed by a gap between a down frame and a radiator of the vehicle, enabling the electrical equipment to be cooled by airflow.

Abstract: A traveling apparatus performs an inverted pendulum control to maintain an inverted state of a vehicle body and travels with a passenger thereon. The traveling apparatus includes a drive portion that drives the vehicle body; a riding detection portion that detects a start of riding on the vehicle body by the passenger; a command generation portion that generates a torque command value to perform the inverted pendulum control and a position control to move the vehicle body to a position that facilitates the riding, when the start of riding is detected by the riding detection portion; and a control portion that controls the drive portion based on the torque command value generated by the command generation portion.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention describe a quadrilateral frame to be utilized by a two-wheeled vehicle. The quadrilateral frame may include front and rear vertical assemblies, top and bottom collapsible horizontal assemblies, the horizontal assemblies to collapse vertically. By collapsing the horizontal assemblies of the quadrilateral frame, it is to be understood that the space occupied by the vehicle when it is not in use is significantly reduced.

Abstract: A saddle-type vehicle is provided with: a seat on which a driver sits; a fuel tank positioned in front of the seat; an engine positioned below the fuel tank and having a crankcase and a cylinder projecting upward from a front of the crankcase; and a fuel vapor passage that is connected to the fuel tank and emits evaporated fuel in the fuel tank to an outside of the fuel tank. At least a part of the fuel vapor passage passes behind the cylinder. The fuel vapor passage is connected to the crankcase mat a portion in a rear side of the cylinder and opens toward oil in the engine.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle in which an electric motor is disposed in the vicinity of a center of a vehicle body to reduce lateral expansion. The hybrid vehicle includes an engine, a motor, and a power transmission mechanism for transmitting power of the engine and the motor to a rear wheel. The engine is suspended on the vehicle body in a non-swingable manner with a cylinder extending in a substantially horizontal direction and a crankshaft provided to be oriented in a vehicle width direction. The electric motor is located in front of and above the crankshaft of the engine.

Abstract: A motorcycle having a vehicle body and a vehicle body frame. The vehicle body frame includes a head pipe; a pair of left and right tank rail portions including a widening portion having a width increasing in a vehicle width direction extending rearward of the vehicle from the head pipe, a parallel portion having a substantially fixed width, and a narrowing portion having a width decreasing the vehicle width direction, the widening portion, the parallel portion and the narrowing portion extend along left and right sides of the vehicle body of a motorcycle; and a pair of left and right rear arm bracket portions bending and extending from rear ends of the tank rail portions. The vehicle body frame has a front frame part and a rear frame part connected through a frame connecting surface substantially perpendicular to an axial direction of the parallel portion.

Abstract: A wheel suspension system for a three-wheeled motorcycle or “trike” includes parallel wheels mounted on vertically pivoting suspension arms governed by hydraulic pistons. The pistons have upper liquid reservoirs that are interconnected through a valve system, which interconnects the upper reservoirs when the trike is in motion, allowing opposing vertical wheel movements when banking through turns, and prevents liquid exchange when the trike is stopped, thereby holding the motorcycle upright, Embodiments include a manual and/or automatic valve control. A threshold switching speed for an automatic controller can be factory set and/or user adjustable. The pistons can include directly interconnected lower fluid reservoirs. A shock-absorbing reservoir can allow transient vertical movement of both wheels to absorb shocks. A cover system can emulate the appearance of saddle bags and can appear to be covering only a single wheel.

Abstract: A saddle-type vehicle is provided with: a seat on which a driver sits; a fuel tank positioned in front of the seat; an engine positioned below the fuel tank and having a crankcase and a cylinder projecting upward from a front of the crankcase; and a fuel vapor passage that is connected to the fuel tank and emits evaporated fuel in the fuel tank to an outside of the fuel tank. At least a part of the fuel vapor passage passes behind the cylinder. The fuel vapor passage is connected to the crankcase at a portion in a rear side of the cylinder and opens toward oil in the engine.

Abstract: Disclosed is a seat rail (30) of a motorcycle having a pair of left and right rail sections (45L, 45R) which do not have a tendency to store water and which have a sufficient rigidity. Each rail section comprises a first groove section (64) and a second groove section (65). A drain hole (71) for draining the water stored at the bottom (69) of the second groove section downward is formed in each rail.

Abstract: A motorcycle has a large accommodating space and an enlarged capacity of a fuel filter. The motorcycle includes: a fuel tank disposed on the upper side of the rear wheel and on the rear side of the luggage box; a rear fender provided between the rear frames and, disposed between the luggage box and the rear wheel, and covering the rear wheel on the front and upper sides of the rear wheel; a fuel supply path; and a fuel secondary filter. The rear fender is so disposed that its front portion faces a rear wall of the luggage box, the front portion is inclined rearwardly upward so that the distance thereto from the rear wall increases along an upward direction, and the fuel secondary filter is disposed between the rear wall of the luggage box and the front portion of the rear fender.

Abstract: An electrically-operated two wheeled vehicle provided with a swing unit which pivotally supports a drive wheel WR. The swing unit includes: a first rotary electric machine having a first rotor; a second rotary electric machine having a second rotor; and a planetary gear mechanism which combines a rotational drive force of the first and second rotors to each other and transmits a product of rotational drive forces to a drive wheel WR in a state where a rotational speed is increased. The first and second rotary electric machines are arranged parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of a vehicle such that an axis Ax2 of the second rotor is positioned in front of an axis Ax1 of the first rotor along the vehicle body. This arrangement prevents a height position of a lower surface of a swing unit from becoming excessively low.

Abstract: A saddle-ride type vehicle which for preventing the fuel tank from receiving a load imposed on the tank cover and for achieving a weight reduction of the fuel tank. A motorcycle includes a vehicle body frame; a fuel tank, fixed to the vehicle body frame, for storing fuel; a tank cover for covering at least part of the fuel tank; a flange part, provided to the fuel tank, for fastening the fuel tank to the vehicle body frame; and a cover supporting member, fastened to the flange part, for supporting the tank cover.

Abstract: A rear portion structure (100) of a motorcycle (1) comprises a chassis frame (5); a rear wheel (17) positioned below the rear portion of the chassis frame (5); a fender main body portion (110) anchored to the rear portion of the chassis frame (5) and positioned above the rear wheel (17); a fender hanging portion (120) configured separately from the fender main body portion (110) and covering at least a portion of the rear wheel (17); and a support stay (130) anchored to the rear end portion of the chassis frame (5) (rear end frame portion (5a), extending aft approximately horizontally from the rear end portion, and supporting the fender hanging portion (120).

Abstract: A throttle sensor mounting structure for suppressing the influence on the arrangement of a lighting device located on the front side of a head pipe. A throttle sensor mounting structure in a saddle seat type vehicle includes a handle, a throttle grip rotatably mounted on the handle, a throttle sensor for detecting an operational amount of the throttle grip, a controller for controlling a power unit according to a detection value from the throttle sensor, a pair of right and left main frames extending to the rear from a head pipe, and a headlight provided on the front side of the head pipe. The throttle sensor is located on the rear side of the head pipe and between the right and left main frames so as to be superimposed on the main frames as viewed in a side elevation.

Abstract: A two-wheeled vehicle is disclosed. The two-wheeled vehicle may include a passenger hand grip which is stowable under a straddle seat of the vehicle. The two-wheeled vehicle may include saddlebags having an open bottom.

Abstract: A transmission 20 includes an input shaft 12, an output shaft 13, a primary sheave 23 that rotates together with the input shaft 12, a secondary sheave 24 that rotates together with the output shaft 13, and a belt 25 wound around both the primary sheave 23 and the secondary sheave 24. The transmission 20 includes a motor 22 that shifts a transmission ratio by driving a movable sheave 23a of the primary sheave 23. A control device (ECU 5) of the transmission 20 includes a secondary sheave rotation speed sensor 28 that detects rotation of the belt 25, and a control portion 55 of the ECU 5 performs a sheave position control (normal control of the transmission ratio) after rotation of the belt 25 is detected after starting.

Abstract: A seat rail constituting a rear portion of a vehicle frame, a rear cowl covering the seat rail, and a canister adsorbing a vaporized gas generated in a fuel tank disposed on a front portion of the vehicle frame are provided. As for the canister, a plurality of canisters are constituted to be connected in series. At least one of the canisters is disposed between one side of the seat rail and the rear cowl, and the other canister/canisters is/are disposed between the other side of the seat rail and the rear cowl.

Abstract: The invention is a motorcycle with a main frame (1), the main frame (1) holding a rear swing arm assembly (2) with a rear wheel assembly (3), said main frame (1) holding an engine (12) and a drive train (13) connected to the rear wheel assembly (3). The main frame (1) is connected via a pivot joint (9) near the main frame's (9) upper, fore portion to a top frame (7), and the pivot joint (9) has a transverse axis (9?) relative to the main frame (1). The top frame (7) has a rearwards extending seat frame (8) provided with a seat (15) and a forward extending steering neck frame (5) holding a steering neck (6) further holding a triple tree assembly (14) with a front fork assembly (4) with a front wheel assembly (10). The main frame (1) is provided with an actuator assembly (16) for providing rotation of the top frame (7) relative to the main frame (1).