Abstract: Plants and methods are presented for crude feed pre-processing before feeding the crude feed into a crude unit or vacuum unit. Pre-processing is preferably achieved with a combination of a preflash drum and a preflash column that allows for high-temperature treatment of the liquids and separate vapor phase handling, which advantageously enables retrofitting existing plants to accommodate lighter crude feeds.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system for the preparation of a high quality gasoline through the recombination of catalytic hydrocarbon and its process. The characteristics are as follows: the upper part of the fractionator is connected with light petrol hydrogenation unit through the light petrol pipeline. The lower part of the fractionator is connected with the extractor through the heavy petrol pipeline. The upper part of the extractor directly extracts the product through the pipeline and the lower part of the extractor is connected to the light petrol pipeline behind the light petrol hydrogenation unit. Compared with the prior art, this invention has the following advantages: the volume of used catalyst is greatly reduced. In addition, the sulfur reduction and olefin reduction effect are remarkable by using the hydrogenation units with special catalysts and parameters regarding different petrol fractions.

Abstract: A process of recovering base oil from lubrication oil that contains contaminants therein, the process comprises the steps of: (i) extracting a light diesel fraction from the lubrication oil; and (ii) distilling the lubricating oil under vacuum conditions after said extracting step (i) to obtain a base oil that is substantially free of said contaminants.

Abstract: First (210) and second (240) feedstocks are hydrotreated in an integrated hydrogenation plant (200) using a hot separator (230) that provides a vapor stream containing at least some of the hydrotreated first feedstock (210), wherein the second feedstock (240) is mixed with the vapor stream at a position downstream of the separator (240) and upstream of the a second hydrotreating (250) reactor to form a mixed second feedstock that is fed into the second hydrotreating reactor (250) to produce a ultra-low sulfur product.

Abstract: An arrangement in a circulation lubrication system include a lubricating oil tank, pressure pipe lines for supplying oil to parts to be lubricated, return pipe lines for returning the oil from the parts to be lubricated to the oil tank, and a mechanism configured to pump oil into the pressure pipe lines and maintaining a desired state of lubrication. The mechanism configured to pump the oil into the pressure pipe lines may include a circulation lubrication pump and a suction duct through which the lubricating oil flows out of a lubricating oil tank, an underpressure tank coupled to the suction duct leading off from the lubricating oil tank, to the suction side of the circulation lubrication pump. The underpressure tank is a tank which allows the water contained in the oil to evaporate. To prevent cavitation of the circulation lubrication pump, the underpressure tank is placed substantially higher than the lubricating oil tank.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process and an installation for the production of liquid fuels and raw chemicals from crude petroleum within the framework of a refinery process with process steps for distillation, thermal and/or catalytic cracking, and possibly reformation. The refinery process is directly supplemented by various process steps, i.e. a partial flow of the C.sub.4 components together with a flow of methanol or ethanol is subjected to a catalytic reaction, the unconverted n-butane-containing portion of the components is subjected to isomerization, a part of the isobutane is subjected to a thermal cracking process, and finally the product flow emerging therefrom is guided back, in its entirety or in part, into the fractionation stage for splitting.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for the defluorination of a liquid hydrocarbon mixture, containing organic fluorides, produced during the conversion of hydrocarbons using a fluorine-containing catalyst. In one embodiment, both a thermal means and a contacting material are used to effectuate a more complete defluorination. The liquid hydrocarbon mixture is extracted from a distillation column and heated sufficiently in the thermal means to decompose at least some of the organic fluorides. The effluent from the thermal means is separated into a vaporous and a liquid effluent. The liquid effluent is passed to the bottom of the distillation column where it undergoes further defluorination through contact with the contacting material.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for dewatering a recovered oil stream prior to the recovered oil stream being fed to a fractionator for reprocessing into product s rea s uses a blowdown drum controlled like a drstillatron tower so that the bottoms temperature of the blowdown drum is maintained at a temperature above the dewpoint temperature of the water in the blowdown drum by a reboiler. For refineries that contain a delayed coker unit and a coker fractionator which is used for fractionating light products from residual oil serving as coker feedstock, which coker fractionator is also used to fractionate recovered oil containing water and hydrocarbons, a coker blowdown drum is controlled to maintain an appropriate bottoms temperature to achieve separation in the blowdown drum of water from the hydrocarbons in the recovered oil stream, and the blowdown drum is thus used for dewatering the recovered oil before it is fed to the coker fractionator.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the recovery of oil from aqueous oil refinery waste involves mixing the waste with a fluidizing oil and evaporating the water from the mixture in a plurality of stages. The dewatered mixture is fed to a delayed coking system in which a conventional coker feedstock is being used. The heavy hydrocarbon portion of the dewatered mixture changes to coke and light hydrocarbon material, the inert solids become trapped in the coke, and the fluidizing oil vaporizes. A stream of heavy coker gas oil is fed from a fractionator in the delayed coking system to a fluidizing tank where it is mixed with the sludge to define the fluidizing oil. Another hot stream of hydrocarbon material from the coker fractionator is sent to the evaporator section to provide the heat for evaporation.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for separating acid soluble oil (ASO) from HF to purify same for reuse. The apparatus includes an alkylation HF rerun tower having an upper chamber and a lower chamber with liquid-vapor contact means in the upper chamber and an eductor and liquid-vapor contact means in the lower chamber. A stream of HF catalyst containing ASO is introduced into the upper chamber and is intimately contacted with an isoparaffin for separation of the HF and ASO. The ASO is collected in the lower chamber and is circulated through same and the eductor during which same is contacted by a vaporous isoparaffin for further separation of HF and ASO.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for re-refining used oil, in which the used oil is processed in at least one cyclonic vacuum evaporator comprising a void evaporation chamber (4) into which feedstock is tangentially injected, and in which a fraction of the feedstock is condensed in a spray condenser (7) communicating with the evaporation chamber (4).