Abstract: An anisotropically conductive adhesive composition (10) for use in electrically connecting at least one conductive area (14) on one substrate (12) with at least one conductive area (20) on a second substrate (18) is disclosed. The composition (10) is comprised of a mixture of conductive particles and a nonconductive adhesive binder (26). The conductive particles are dispersed throughout the binder in a plurality of noncontiguous conductive units (24) such that, upon applying a layer (30) of the composition (10) over both the conductive and insulating areas (14, 16) on one substrate (12) and positioning in a conducting relationship and adhering said at least one conductive area (20) on the second substrate (18) with said at least one conductive area (14) on the first substrate (12), the units (24) establish electrical connection between the adhered conductive areas (14, 20) on the two substrates (12, 18).

Abstract: An electrical contact for vacuum interrupters of a pressed and sintered composition of copper (60-80 wt %), ferrovanadium alloy (40-100 wt % of the balance) with at least 80 wt % of any remainder consisting of a refractory metal of the group of chromium, vanadium and their compounds. The ferrovanadium alloy comprises 55-85 wt % of vanadium.

Abstract: A novel contact electrode material for vacuum interrupters is disclosed, by which the chopping current value inherent in contact material can be reduced so that it is possible to stably interrupt small lagging current due to inductive loads without generating surge voltages. The material is equivalent or superior to the conventional Cu-0.5Bi material in large current interrupting capability and dielectric strength. The material consists essentially of copper, chromium, iron or molybdenum and chromium carbide or molybdenum carbide. The metallographical microstructure is such that copper is infiltrated into a porous matrix formed by mutually bonding chromium powder, iron or molybdenum powder and metal carbide powder in diffusion state.

Abstract: Electrical contact materials based on AgCdO with CdO as the main active component have proven to be particularly advantageous for low voltage switchgear in the power industry. However, when switching AgCdO contact materials, CdO, which is classified as toxic, can escape into the environment through burn-off. It is important, therefore, to keep the CdO content as low as possible in the contact material, or to exclude it completely. The contact material according to the invention is a sintered contact material consisting of AgSnO.sub.2 with at least two other metal oxide additives; namely, Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, CuO and optionally CdO. Relative to SnO.sub.2, these additives Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, CuO optionally CdO, amount quantitatively to a total maximum of 25 percent by volume of the total amount of oxide.

Abstract: Ag-SnO system alloy electrical contact materials. The Ag alloy before internal oxidation thereof contains Sn of an amount of 5-20 weight %, 0.5-15 weight % of which amount is in the powder form of SnO.sub.2. The existence of SnO.sub.2 particles in the alloy accelerates the internal oxidation speed, allowing oxygen to readily pass aside and between the particles, while the internal oxidation per se makes the alloy more dense by eliminating spaces between SnO.sub.2 grain particles on account of the volumeric expansion of Sn which results from the internal oxidation thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a contact material for a vacuum circuit breaker containing therein copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) with further addition of at least one kind of boride selected from borides of chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W). Such contact material possesses remarkable advantages of having large current breaking capability and high voltage withstand capability.

Abstract: Contact material for vacuum circuit breaker according to the present invention contains (1) copper, (2) molybdenum, and (3) niobium or tantalum.

Abstract: An electrical contact formed of a mixture of finely divided electrically conductive metal doped with graphite or cadmium oxide. A thin coating of the electrically conductive metal is disposed upon the side of the contact which is adapted to be welded or brazed to an electrically conductive support. The electrical contact is made by mixing the finely divided cadmium oxide and pressing the mixture into a desired shape. A slurry of conductive metal is then sprayed on one side of the contact. After coating, the contact is sintered at a temperature less than the melting point of the electrically conductive material, whereby the contact is formed and the coating is firmly attached to it. The invention is particularly useful with silver or copper-based electrical contacts.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter of more improved large current interrupting capability and dielectric strength is disclosed. The interrupter has a pair of separable contact-electrodes (13, 24), a vacuum envelope (4) generally electrically insulating and enclosing the pair therewithin, a contact-making portion (19) of 20 to 60% IACS electrical conductivity being a part of one contact-electrode (13) of the pair and being into and out of engagement with the other contact-electrode (24) of the pair, an arc-diffusing portion (20) of 2 to 30% IACS electrical conductivity being the other part of the one contact-electrode (13) and being electrically and mechanically connected to the contact-making portion (19) so as to be spaced from the other contact-electrode (24) when the contact-electrodes (13, 24) are into engagement, and means (14, 15) for applying an axial magnetic field in parallel to an arc established between the contact-electrodes (13, 24) when separated.

Abstract: An ignition distributor for an internal combustion engine with reduced electric discharge energy and suppressed radio noise generation comprises a rotor electrode capable of rotary motion and a plurality of stationary electrodes arranged substantially in a circle around the rotor electrode through an electric discharge clearance therebetween, where the rotor electrode is made of a sintered mixture comprising zirconium oxide and an electroconductive inorganic compound having a specific resistance of not more than 10.sup.6 .OMEGA.cm as main components. The sintered mixture can be ZrO.sub.2 and an oxide selected from ZnO, NiO and CoO; or ZrO.sub.2, aluminum oxide and an oxide selected from ZnO, CoO, Al.sub.2 TiO.sub.5 and SrTiO.sub.3 or a carbide selected from ZrC, TiC and TaC.

Abstract: A contact of a vacuum interrupter and a manufacturing process therefor are disclosed. The contact can greatly reduce the chopping current of the interrupter, can greatly increase the dielectric strength thereof and can improve the large- and small-current interrupting capabilities thereof. The contact is made of a material containing 29 to 74 weight % copper, 15 to 60 weight % chromium, 10 to 35 weight % iron, 0.5 to 15 weight % carbon and 0.5 to 15 weight % silicon. The process contains the steps of producing a porous matrix by sintering a mixture of all of the elements except copper under a nonoxidizing atmosphere, impregnating the matrix with copper and machining the resultant material.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a cup type vacuum interrupter contact comprised of a holder portion and a contact portion. The holder portion is cup shaped and has a base and side walls extending vertically from the base. The contact portion is circular in configuration corresponding approximately in shape and cross-sectional area to the side walls of the holder portion and is disposed on and affixed to the rim of the side walls. The holder portion has slots extending at an angle from its base through the side walls to the rim. The holder portion is comprised of a precipitation-hardened copper alloy and the contact portion is comprised of copper.

Abstract: A contact material for use in a vacuum circuit interrupter which simultaneously provides superior current interrupting performance and breakdown voltage. The contact material of the invention includes components of copper, tantalum and at least one of cobalt and iron. Cobalt or iron should be present in an amount of 50 wt % or less, while the combination of tantalum and cobalt or iron should be present in an amount of at least 10 wt %. A fourth component of at least one of titanium, zirconium and aluminum may be added. Also, there may be included a fifth component containing at least one of a low melting point metal, alloys of a low melting point metal, intermetallic compounds of a low melting point metal, and oxides thereof, with the low melting point metal being at least one of bismuth, tellurium, antimony, thallium, lead, selenium, cerium and calcium in an amount of not more than 20 wt %.

Abstract: The disclosed electrode composition for a vacuum switch comprises copper, as a principal ingredient, a low melting point metal such as Bi, Pb, In, Li, Sn or any of their alloys, in a content not exceeding 20% by weight, a first additional metal such as Te, Sb, La, Mg or any of their alloys and a refractory metal such as Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Ti, W or any of their alloys in a content less than 40% by weight.

Abstract: A conductive elastomeric ink is described comprised of very fine nickel particles admixed in a silicone binder. The ink has utility in elastomeric switch control devices, printed circuits and the like.

Abstract: An electrical contact member and method of fabrication which facilitates braze connection of the electrical contact member to the conductive support stem of a vacuum interrupter structure. A high density slug of the contact material is performed. The high density slug is disposed in a powder mass of the contact material which is sintered to form the contact member. A high conductivity component is then infiltrated in the electrical contact member to produce the desired conductivity for the contact member, with the high density portion being easily brazed to a conductive support stem.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter electrical contact which exhibits an improved voltage withstand characteristic. The electrical contact comprises a minor portion of selected refractory metal and a major portion of dispersion strengthened copper.

Abstract: The disclosed electrode composition for a vacuum switch comprises copper, as a principal ingredient, a low melting point metal such as Bi, Pb, In, Li, Sn or any of their alloys, in a content not exceeding 20% by weight, a first additional metal such as Te, Sb, La, Mg or any of their alloys and a refractory metal such as Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Ti, W or any of their alloys in a content less than 40% by weight.

Abstract: A two-layer contact having a silver backing and a silver cadmium oxide body which backing is relatively free of warpage and macroscopic voids is produced from a mixture of silver oxide, silver acetate and silver.

Abstract: A method of preparing electrical contacts and electrical contact materials comprises the steps of blending a conductive metallic component, such as silver, with nickel and zirconium diboride which is substantially completely free of oxides, pressing the powder mixture to form a pre-sintered compact, and thereafter liquid phase sintering the compact to a densified body.The zirconium diboride is mixed with about 2 weight percent of a reducing agent, preferably mixed carbon and boron powders, and heated to remove oxides from the surface of the zirconium diboride powder particles prior to the steps of pressing and sintering.

Abstract: This invention provides a vacuum type breaker contact material prepared by infiltrating copper into a sintered tungsten matrix, wherein elementary particle size and the growth of the particle size by heat processing are controlled in such a manner that the ratio of the largest value/the smallest value of tungsten particle size becomes not more than 10, and that the maximum value of tungsten particle size is not larger than 2 .mu.m and the minimum value of tungsten particle size is not smaller than 0.3 .mu.m.

Abstract: An electrical connector arrangement comprises a first element adapted to be in contact for substantial periods of time with a second element. The first element comprises a first metal substrate having an outer layer of a copper base alloy comprising from about 2 to about 12% aluminum, about 0.001 to about 3% silicon, and the balance essentially copper. The second element comprises a second metal substrate having a gold or gold base alloy contact surface.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, a sintered electrical contact having a contacting surface defining a plurality of voids is disclosed. The voids contain a corrosion retarding fluid which passes onto the contacting surface upon being worn down upon repeated engagement with a conductive element.

Abstract: Gold based contact materials fabricated by directional solidification and hibiting increased strength, hardness, wear resistance and undegraded electrical conductivity, are presented. An eutectic structure comprises a matrix metal consisting essentially of gold and a second phase rich in an alloying material. The second phase rich in an alloying material is disposed within the matrix metal in a plurality of elongated zones formed by directional solidification of the alloy with each zone having an elongated axis generally normal to a contact boundary surface of the solid. The second phase is rich in an alloying material selected from a group of alloying elements consisting of Be, Ca, Sr, La, Na, Th, Zr, Hf, Sb, Ge, Mo, Si and the rare earth elements. Selected ones of the alloying elements can be subjected to internal oxidation for forming hard, oxide particles of the second phase material.

Abstract: Gold-based intermetallic compounds suitable as a contact material for electrical contacts are presented. The gold-based electrical compounds are selected from a group consisting of Au.sub.4 In, Au.sub.10 Sn, and AuPd or from intermetallic compounds having an ordered hexagonal crystal structure and of the type Au.sub.n X where n is at least 3 and X is selected from a group consisting of In, Sn, and Pd.

Abstract: An improved method of manufacturing electrical and electronic circuits is provided wherein an improved conductive ink is employed to define the pathways of current flow. This improved conductive ink is comprised of conductive particles, thermosetting binder and a multifunctional isocyanate. The isocyanate provides cross-linking between the conductive ink binder and the surface upon which the ink is applied and establishes a bond with enhanced moisture durability.

Abstract: In a rhodium electrical contact of a switch, particularly a reed switch, from 0.1 to 10 atomic % of Ag is included in the electrical contact. The electrical contact of the invention has a long life under a various loading conditions from a non-working condition, where an electric current is neither conducted nor broken by the switch, to a working condition, where erosion of the electrical contact is caused by short arcs between members of the electrical contact.

Abstract: A photoflash unit having a plurality of flashlamps mounted on a printed circuit board containing circuitry for sequentially igniting the flashlamps in response to successive firing pulses applied thereto. The circuitry includes a plurality of solid-state switches capable of being activated by radiant energy generated during flashing of lamps located adjacent to respective switches. Initially, each of the switches has a resistance sufficiently high to provide an open circuit to the applied firing pulses, and after being activated by radiation, the switch undergoes chemical conversion to a conductive state over a finite time interval. The switches are prepared from compositions comprising admixtures of silver carbonate and/or silver oxide, silver-coated glass beads and a binder; the admixtures may also include electrically non-conductive particulate solids, such as titanium dioxide, and/or silver-coated metal beads.

Abstract: A relay contact made of nickel-cobalt sintered alloys with the composition 50 to 85% nickel and 50 to 15% cobalt is described.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine ignition distributor wherein the circumferentially disposed stationary output electrodes carried by the distributor cap are made up of a resistive material having a predetermined resistance value per unit length. The resistive material may be (1) an electrically resistive, resin bonded mixture of metal, carbon and ferrite powders or (2) an electrically resistive, epoxy resin bonded mixture of copper alloy powder, manganese-zinc-ferrite powder and carbon powder.

Abstract: A photoflash unit having a plurality of high voltage type flashlamps mounted in a planar array on a printed circuit board containing circuitry for sequentially igniting the flashlamps in response to successive high voltage firing pulses applied thereto. The circuitry includes a plurality of solid state switches capable of being easily activated by radiant energy generated during flashing of lamps located adjacent to respective switches. Initially, the switches have a high resistance, and after being activated by radiation, they undergo chemical conversion to a conductive state. The switches are prepared from compositions which include a comparatively large proportion of nonconductive inert particulate solids to improve switch functioning.

Abstract: Keyboard having contactors and contacts which are selectively urged against one another by depression causing engagement of one by the other, the keyboard having at least contactors or contacts or both which are constructed of a conductive polymeric composition such that upon engagement of a contactor with a contact there is exhibited substantially reduced bounce after repeated closure of contactor against contact even at micro ampere current levels.

Abstract: A sintered contact material of silver and at least two embedded metal oxides for use in electrical contacts in which the metal oxides are distributed alternatingly in the silver in different microscopic zones of the sintered contact material.

Abstract: A fail-safe multiple transfer contact assembly including a plurality of front, back and heel contact elements. The contact elements include elongated leaf spring members which are fixed to a molded insulative contact block. A silver contact button is rivoted to the free ends of the front and back leaf spring members while a silver impregnated carbon contact block is soldered to the free end of the heel leaf spring member so that neither the front and back contacts cannot become welded to the heel contact.

Abstract: An electrical contact material which is particularly well suited for use in circuit breaker switches consisting essentially of silver in the amount of about 20% to 50% by weight, nickel in the amount of about 2% to 13% by weight, phosphorus in the amount of about 90 ppm to 1000 ppm, and the remainder tungsten. In one embodiment of the contact material forming method provided by the invention, starting particle sizes and liquid phase sintering parameters are selected to yield a relatively coarse grain size in the contact material microstructure with an optimum combination of resistance to oxidation, electrical erosion and distortion associated with high-current interruptions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sintered composite material as the contact material for medium-voltage vacuum power circuit breakers, particularly in the switching voltage range from 7.2 kV to 36 kV. The contact material is comprised of a sintered composite of a burn-off-resistant metal component such as iron, cobalt, chromium, nickel, zirconium or alloys or mixtures of these metals, and a component which lowers the breaking current. As the breaking current-lowering component are provided metals, compounds or alloys of metals having a boiling point above 2400.degree. C. such as, for example, tin, chromium carbide (Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2) or copper zirconide (ZrCu.sub.4, ZrCu.sub.3).

Abstract: An electrical contact material comprising silver, bismuth oxide and tin oxide with or without tin metal, wherein the amounts of the bismuth and the tin on the basis of the sum weight of the metals in both the metal component and in the metal oxide component are 1.5 to 6 weight percent and 0.1 to 6 weight percent, respectively. This electrical contact material has high resistance to both welding and arc erosion. An advantageous method of making the electrical contact material comprises preparing a metal alloy composed of all the above metals in the above weight ratio and internally oxidizing the bismuth completely in the alloy after shaping the alloy to a desired electrical contact material shape or after crushing the alloy to scaly flakes.

Abstract: An electrical contact material comprising a homogeneous, pressed and sintered mixture of from 85 to 90 percent silver metal powder, from 7.5 to 14.3 percent cadmium oxide powder, and from 0.50 to 3.0 percent zinc oxide powder, by weight, and having a weight ratio of zinc oxide to cadmium oxide content in the range from 0.05 to 0.25, is shown to display remarkably improved arc erosion and welding properties.

Abstract: An electrical contact suitable for use in high-current switching or circuit breaking, comprising a mixture of silver or copper with an alloy of tungsten carbide and titanium carbide. The contact material preferably uses from about 10% to about 90% silver by weight, the remainder being (WTi)C alloy, and preferably the alloy component comprises from about 35% to about 50% of WC, the remainder of the alloy being TiC. The contact is preferably made by a powder metallurgical process, and provides not only good impact resistance, weld resistance and erosion resistance but, even more importantly, provides low contact resistance, i.e. low electrical resistance when current flows through the closed contacts even after repeated cycling, as shown by the low temperature rise of the contact in use.

Abstract: An electrical contact material comprises from about 85 to 87.5 percent silver and from about 0.01 to 0.10 percent cobalt in the form of an oxide, by weight. The material also comprises from about 10.73 to 12.82 percent cadmium oxide, from about 1.6 to 2.0 percent zinc oxide, and from about 0.15 to 1.0 percent lead oxide, by weight, internally oxidized in situ in the contact material in an oxygen enriched atmosphere.

Abstract: An electrically conductive composite material which consists of a mixture of silver, not more than 50 weight percent of cadmium oxide and not greater than 2,000 parts per million of compounds of potassium.

Abstract: This application describes the step-wise application of heat during the sintering of a mixture of silver and cadmium oxide to give an alloy having improved characteristics. These alloys are useful as electric contacts in high electric current applications.

Abstract: In a vacuum-type circuit breaker, a contact is composed of a principal component material of Cu alloy, to which a Pb-Bi alloy, containing either 18 to 45 weight % Bi or 65 to 80 weight % Bi and at least one of either cobalt or iron are added. Said contact is provided with a structure in which at least one of either cobalt phase or iron phase is dispersed in a copper matrix and Pb-Bi alloy phase is dispersed in the grain boundary, and has extremely low chopping current.

Abstract: An electrical contact material which consists of at least one material selected from a first group which comprises any one of the precious metals, gold, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium and rhenium or their alloys and the silver/palladium series of contact alloys; and not more than three weight per cent of at least one material selected from a second group which comprises lithium, sodium, sodium chloride, potassium compounds, rubidium, caesium and cadmium sulphide spread uniformly throughout, or formed at discrete sites at the surface of, the said at least one material of the first group.

Abstract: A switch means for electrically operating a device in a photographic camera is composed of a mechanical switch and a semiconductor switching element connected with the mechanical switch. The mechanical switch has a pair of contacts made of resilient conductive material and increases its conductivity as the pressure applied thereto increases. By the increase of the conductivity of the mechanical switch an input voltage supplied to the semiconductor switching element is raised and the switching element is turned on when the input voltage has reached a predetermined level. Thus, chattering and large consumption of electric power are prevented.

Abstract: Electrical contact material of silver or mixtures of silver and a thermally decomposable compound of silver having an additive of an alkali metal, for example lithium, added in the form of a salt prior to sintering to increase the as-sintered density of the resulting material and to aid in the prevention of undesirable surface blisters. The silver material may be fabricated as a backing layer on a primary contact material of silver-cadmium oxide.

Abstract: An electrical connector in which conductive rubber rods are mounted in a nonconductive substrate. The rods extend above and below the upper and lower surfaces, respectively, of the substrate for electrically interconnecting conductive traces on a pair of electronic components, such as a display panel and logic circuit used in a digital wrist watch. A method for making the connect is disclosed.

Abstract: A material is described which is useful in electrical current switching devices and is especially adapted to form the contact surface of the electrodes of electrical current switching devices which are employed in a vacuum environment. The contact material comprises a major component which is characterized by a melting point in excess of 1250.degree. C and a boiling point of less than 3500.degree. C. A small but effective amount of an element which provides antiwelding characteristics and in which said element has only minimum solubility within the major component. The balance is a minor constituent for providing a low resistance path for the electrical current to flow from one electrode to the other. Typical compositions includes a chromium matrix material which comprises in excess of 50% by weight of the contact material, up to about 1.5% of an antiwelding element for example bismuth and the balance essentially a high electrical and thermal conductivity element notably copper or silver.

Abstract: A material for use in making electrical contacts is produced in a powder form suitable for later processing into electrical contacts by standard metallurgical techniques. The material consists of a first metal, such as silver, and the oxide of a second metal, such as cadmium, added to the first metal in a proportion up to the limits of solubility of the second metal in the first metal. An oxide of a third metal having a low electronic work function level, such as lithium oxide, is added and uniformly distributed on the surfaces of the powder particles by precipitation. A fourth metal, such as tellurium, that is insoluble in the first metal is also added to provide selected characteristics.

Abstract: A material for use in making electrical contacts is produced in a powder form suitable for later processing into electrical contacts by standard metallurgical techniques. The material consists of a first metal, such as silver, and the oxide of a second metal, such as cadmium, added to the first metal in a proportion up to the limits of solubility of the second metal in the first metal. An oxide of a third metal having a low electronic work function level, such as lithium oxide, is added and uniformly distributed on the surfaces of the powder particles by precipitation. A fourth metal, such as tellurium, that is insoluble in the first metal is also added to provide selected characteristics.