Abstract: The invention relates to approach temperatures and approach temperature ranges that are beneficial in operating a pyrolysis reactor, to pyrolysis reactors exhibiting a beneficial approach temperature, to processes for carrying out hydrocarbon pyrolysis in a pyrolysis reactor having a beneficial approach temperature. The pyrolysis reactor can be, e.g., a reverse-flow pyrolysis reactor, such as a regenerative reverse-flow pyrolysis reactor.

Abstract: A closed system for gaining sellable petroleum coke pieces out of solidified petroleum coke in a coke drum unit, comprises a coke drum unit containing solidified petroleum coke; a coke crushing unit for crushing petroleum coke into sellable petroleum coke pieces; a closed slurry pipe leading petroleum coke slurry to a closed slurry pit; a dewatering bin unit for receiving petroleum coke slurry from the slurry pit, for collecting the sellable petroleum coke pieces and for leading filtered water and petroleum coke fines out of it; a closed drain water pit, separate from the slurry pit, for receiving the filtered water and the petroleum coke fines from the dewatering bin unit; a water settling tank receiving the filtered water and the petroleum coke from the drain water pit and for separating the petroleum coke fines from the water such that the petroleum coke fines collect in the bottom part of the water settling tank, and for leading the petroleum coke fines into the slurry pit where they mix with the petroleu

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas of a coke oven, which has a plurality of coking chambers and heating walls, arranged between the coking chambers, with heating flues (12, 12?) for the indirect heating of the coking chambers. A combustible gas (16), which consists entirely or partially of coke oven gas, is burned in the heating flues (12, 12?), thereby producing an exhaust gas which contains nitrogen oxides. A reducing agent is fed to the exhaust gas at a temperature between 700° C. and 1100° C. and the proportion of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas is reduced by a homogeneous gas reaction between the reducing agent and the nitrogen oxides. The exhaust gas is subsequently passed through a regenerator (4) for heat recovery.

Abstract: Methods for preventing or reducing fouling of equipment having a metal surface that contacts a reaction byproduct in a fuel production system are provided. The method may include treating the metal surface in the fuel production system by contacting a fouling inhibitor with the metal surface. The fouling inhibitor includes a bicyclic organic compound with an aromatic ring and a heterocyclic ring, and is delivered to the metal surface of the system in sufficient amount and for sufficient time to reduce a fouling deposit on at least a portion of the metal surface.

Abstract: The present techniques provide a pyrolysis process that is reduced in coke and/or tar formation relative to comparable processes. A flushing fluid is applied or injected directly into a pyrolysis reactor to reduce high levels of coke and tar that can accumulate within the pyrolysis reactor during pyrolysis of the feed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for thermally converting or pyrolyzing biomass are provided. In one embodiment, a method of thermally converting biomass includes introducing the biomass to a reactor feed chamber. The method provides for flowing a low oxygen gas into the reactor feed chamber to purge the reactor feed chamber and biomass of oxygen. The method also includes delivering the purged biomass to a thermal conversion reactor and thermally converting the biomass in the thermal conversion reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus for the discharge of quenched or unquenched coke from a coke quenching car into a receiving device, providing that there is an extension of the pusher machine beside at least one coke-oven chamber, which is arranged in one line with the coke-oven chambers, and which is to be operated by the pusher machine, and that there is a receiving device behind the quenching car as seen from the coke-oven battery into which the coke can be pushed from the quenching car by the extension, the receiving device preferably being a wharf. A process for the discharge of the hot coke from a coke quenching car into a receiving device is also disclosed. Capacity bottlenecks of the quenching equipment are compensated so that the coke need not stay in the coke-oven chamber after the end of the coking process, or disturbances of the quenching equipment can be compensated temporarily.

Abstract: A method for torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass comprising: continuously feeding the biomass to an upper inlet to the torrefaction reactor vessel such that the biomass material is deposited on an upper tray assembly of tray assemblies stacked vertically within the reactor; as the biomass moves over each tray assembly, heating and drying the biomass material with a non-oxidizing gas under a pressure of at least 3 bar gauge and at a temperature of at least 200° C.; cascading the biomass down through the trays by passing the biomass through an opening in each of the trays to deposit the biomass on the tray of the next lower tray assembly; discharging torrefied biomass from a lower outlet of the torrefaction reactor, and circulating gas extracted from the reactor vessel back to the reactor.

Abstract: A reactor having a shaft protruding through one end, a fuel output tube protruding through a second end, shovels housed inside, and a discharge tube, is provided. A first end of the discharge tube is inside of the reactor and the second end protrudes out of the fuel output tube. A helix thruster can be inside the discharge tube and have a driver shaft with a first gear inside of the reactor. The reactor can also include a residue collector and a fork. The fork can be disposed on a driven shaft including a second gear, which engages the first gear of the helix thruster. A system for feeding materials into the reactor is also disclosed as well as methods of converting waste plastic or rubber into fuel using the reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas of a coke oven, which has a plurality of coking chambers and heating walls, arranged between the coking chambers, with heating flues (12, 12?) for the indirect heating of the coking chambers. A combustible gas (16), which consists entirely or partially of coke oven gas, is burned in the heating flues (12, 12?), thereby producing an exhaust gas which contains nitrogen oxides. A reducing agent is fed to the exhaust gas at a temperature between 700° C. and 1100° C. and the proportion of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas is reduced by a homogeneous gas reaction between the reducing agent and the nitrogen oxides. The exhaust gas is subsequently passed through a regenerator (4) for heat recovery.

Abstract: This invention relates to biomass pyrolysis through the use of a hot liquid refinery feedstock as a heat transfer medium, preferably a vacuum gas oil feedstock.

Abstract: A biomass fractionator and method are described for inputting ground biomass and outputting several vapor streams of bio-intermediate compounds along with syngas and biochar. In one embodiment, a method for biomass fractioning, comprises dispensing biomass into thin sheets of ground biomass; subjecting the thin sheets to ramps of temperature; and selectively collecting various groups of compounds as they are released from the thin sheets.

Abstract: A system and a method of decomposing organic waste are provided. The system decomposes organic waste in a decomposition chamber without use of enzymes, additives, or microorganisms. In one embodiment, the system decomposes organic waste within 24 hours and deodorizes the odor of decomposing organic waste during decomposition process. The system provides sufficient heat and operating conditions to evaporate moisture from the organic waste without burning the organic waste. The byproduct of the organic waste after decomposition process by the system is substantially homogeneous material that is reduced in volume compared to the organic waste. In one embodiment, the system reuses or recycles water and heat used in the system for different processes in the system. The system includes a blower that provides flow of the moisture inside the system.

Abstract: The described system allows an operator to remotely switch between cutting and boring while removing solid carbonaceous residue from large cylindrical vessels called coke drums which typically utilize a cutting head for ejecting high pressure fluids into the coke bed; a flow diversion apparatus; and a shifting apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pyrolysis system comprising an entrained flow pyrolyser having an opening through which biomass can be added. The pyrolyser also has an inlet for hot exhaust gas, an outlet for pyrolysed biomass and an outlet for syngas. The system has a burner for producing hot exhaust gas and a conduit between the burner and the hot exhaust gas inlet. A syngas extraction means for extracting syngas from the pyrolyser. The syngas extraction means extracts syngas from the pyrolyser at a rate such that the internal pressure within the pyrolyser never exceeds the pressure external to the pyrolyser.

Abstract: Extraction apparatus and method for obtaining essential oils, essence, and pigments from odorous raw materials (e.g., plant materials and Chinese medicinal herbs) by microwave radiation heating have advantages of easy operation, higher extracting temperature and efficiency. The microwave chamber has a power level of 100 W to 1,500 W and its microwave radiation has a frequency at 915 MHz or 2,450 MHz. The extraction process can be performed without any preheating necessary. A condenser is operated at temperatures between ?20° C. and 15° C. for cooling the gas flowing out of the extraction cartridges. Because both volatile fragrant compounds and pigments of the odorous raw materials can be extracted successfully by the top-down extraction fashion, the extracted essence is colorful. Since the extraction process by microwave heating is free from adding any organic solvent and/or any artificial chemical compound, the extraction apparatus and method are environmentally friendly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for cleaning the door of a coke oven, said door comprising a sealing edge and a membrane that is attached to the door panel of the coke oven. According to said method, cleaning tools comprising jet nozzles, which are supplied with a flow medium at high pressure, are situated and displaced back and forth in the region between the sealing edge and the door panel of the coke oven, in such a way that the interior surface of the membrane and the sealing edge are cleaned. The coke oven door is cleaned directly after the coke oven chamber is opened, by at least one jet nozzle element, which is supplied with compressed air and is displaced along the sealing edges. The jet nozzles are oriented in such a way that the air hits the surface to be cleaned at an acute angle.

Abstract: This invention involves pyrolysis of feedstock by introducing carbonaceous feedstock, into a hopper and moving it into a reactor tube enclosed in an oven, generating heat within the oven that is in part transferred to the feedstock, heating it to sufficient temperature to pyrolyze the feedstock into useful volatiles and char. A Venturi system produces a negative pressure directing volatiles into a pyro-gas oven producing heat necessary for pyrolysis and generating useful excess heat. The extruded pyrolysis char has uses including charcoal fuel, soil amendments, and activated charcoal while liquids can be produced for processing into fuels. Excess heat may be used to heat water, steam, and air, may be used in air heating and cooling systems, perform mechanical work with a Stirling engine or generate electricity on the order of 100 kW and higher. The system may be operated in a carbon neutral or even carbon negative manner, allowing sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method to remove coke from a coker drum is disclosed. The method includes the steps of impinging fluid from a fluid jet on the inside surface of the coker and then determining the vibration signal of the coker drum. The signal is then transformed to determine the amplitude versus frequency by a Fourier Transform of the vibration signal. The amplitude change of the vibration signal as it goes through a maximum, determines when the coke layer has been cut. The fluid jet is lowered into a new layer of coke.

Abstract: An apparatus of produced water treatment, to be adopted in an in-situ recovery method of producing bitumen from oil sand, the apparatus capable of removing the oil from produced water, the produced water of being left by separating the bitumen from bitumen-mixed fluid having been recovered from the oil sand, the apparatus having: a vessel for receiving the produced water; a submerge type filtration membrane module, installed in the vessel, for filtering the produced water in the condition of the membrane being submerged in the produced water; and a bubble generator for generating bubbles to be forwarded toward the submerged filtration membrane in the produced water.

Abstract: Methods and systems for substantially continuously treating comminuted material containing carbon and hydrogen, for example, used tires, are provided. The methods include the steps of introducing the tire material to an elongated chamber, transferring the tire material through the elongated chamber, heating the tire material to a temperature sufficient to pyrolyze the material to produce a gaseous stream; discharging the gaseous stream from the chamber, and cooling at least some of the gaseous stream to liquefy components of the stream. The transfer may be effected by a flexible, center-less screw conveyor to minimize material buildup in the vessel. The cooling of the gaseous stream may be practiced by reverse condensation. One or more re-usable fuel streams are may be provided.

Abstract: A gasification reactor includes a wiper system including at least one wiper blade operable to wipe an interior surface of the reactor. A condenser unit of the gasification reactor includes a scraper system including at least one scraper segment operable to scrape an interior surface of the condenser unit.

Abstract: A decoking system that not only enables an operator to remotely switch the coke-cutting process from boring to cutting mode without removing the drill stem from the coke drum, but also to remotely determine the drill stem's mode so that efficiency, safety and convenience are not compromised, is provided.

Abstract: A method for coke removal in delayed coker drums is provided. The method comprises the steps of draining from the drum of substantially free-flowing coke, performing a vibration signature analysis on the drum to identify whether and where any coke remains attached to the interior wall of the drum after the draining step, and cutting the coke from the areas identified by the signature analysis step.

Abstract: Presented in this application is a simply operated, continuous residue discharging system. The system includes two sub-systems which convey residue from a reactor, through a closed residue discharging channel, to a residue storage tank. Also disclosed is a method of using the high temperature, separable, continuous residue discharging system and a kit including components for a continuous residue discharging system.

Abstract: A system and method whereby on-line cleaning of black oil heater tubes and delayed coker heater tubes may be effectuated by injecting a high pressure water charge through the tubes during normal process operations so as to prevent tube fouling and heater downtime. The high pressure water charge begins the on-line cleaning process once it enters the heater tube by undergoing intense boiling and evaporation. The cleaning occurs by two methods—a scrubbing action and a shocking action. The scrubbing action occurs because of the complete turbulence caused by the water charge's intense boiling within the heater tubes. The shocking action is caused by the expansion and contraction of the heater tubes resulting from the colder water charge flowing through the heater tubes which is then followed by the hotter process fluid flowing through the heater tubes.

Abstract: A decoking system that not only enables an operator to remotely switch the coke-cutting process from boring to cutting mode without removing the drill stem from the coke drum, but also to remotely determine the drill stem's mode so that efficiency, safety and convenience are not compromised, is provided.

Abstract: A chamber for treating waste material includes a substantially closed chamber which is horizontally elongate with a conveyor provided within the chamber oriented generally horizontally and defining an upper portion and a lower portion with a series of paddles arranged to move material along the upper portion of the conveyor. A material supporting surface formed of ceramic material is provided between the upper portion and the lower portion of the conveyor. The material supporting surface is generally U-shaped and forms a channel through which the paddles move along the upper portion of the conveyor. The material supporting surface is carried by a plurality of metal horizontal support members which are cooled by a fluid. The paddles are asymmetrically oriented with respect to the conveyor.

Abstract: A method for coke removal in delayed coker drums is provided. The method comprises the steps of draining from the drum of substantially free-flowing coke, performing a vibration signature analysis on the drum to identify whether and where any coke remains attached to the interior wall of the drum after the draining step, and cutting the coke from the areas identified by the signature analysis step.

Abstract: A safety system for a coking facility where there is a coke drum and a drill assembly. When the coke accumulates in the drum, a drill head of the drill assembly is lowered into the coke drum to emit high pressure water jets to remove the coke from the coke drum. There is a enclosing structure with an access door which is fixedly mounted at a location above an upper opening of the coke drum, so that when the drill head is moved out of the coke drum and there is an accidental jet water discharge, it will be redirected at a location within the enclosing structure. Interlock systems are provided.

Abstract: A safe, efficient and repetitively operable coke vessel decoking system is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment the closed system comprises a coker vessel pressure-tightly sealed to a top head system, which includes a closure housing with a laterally moveable horizontal closure member therein and a cutting head enclosure, which further comprises a drill stem guide, an access door, and a cutting assembly mounted therein. A novel feature of the invention is a steam purge/blocking system whereby steam pressure is maintained in the closure housing during the coking cycle to maintain seal integrity. Personnel safety during decoking operations is greatly enhanced by eliminating dangerous manual tasks associated with the prior art such as unbolting and removing top head devices. The system can be remotely and repetitively operated through numerous coking/decoking cycles without removal of any system element.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for injecting an antifoulant has been developed for suppressing coke formation during pyrolysis in a cracking furnace. The apparatus and method result in the antifoulant being atomized and vaporized, which is critical for proper distribution of the antifoulant. The proper distribution of the antifoulant through this novel apparatus and method results in longer runtime and higher efficiencies for cracking furnaces.

Abstract: A device for drilling a layer of coke within a reactor to effect the decoking of the reactor includes a decoking tool arranged at one end of a hose for conveying a decoking fluid to the tool. The decoking tool has a first part and a second part coaxial with the first part. The second part has means for ejecting the decoking fluid against the coke layer, including a first ejection means for ejecting the fluid in a substantially axial direction downwardly to penetrate the coke layer, a second ejection means ejecting the fluid in a substantially lateral direction and a third ejection means for ejecting the fluid in a substantially upward direction to remove any coke accumulated above the tool.

Abstract: An automated top head cover and stem guide assembly adapted for covering a top opening in vertical vessels such as coking drums, and a method for remotely operating the assembly. The top head assembly includes a flanged connector unit attached pressure-tightly to a top flange opening of a coking drum and a top cover device including a cover unit pivotally attached to the flanged connector unit, so that the cover unit can be pivotally lifted and moved aside. A stem guide device is also pivotally attached to the top flange unit, so that a stem guide unit can be pivotally moved downwardly into place over the top flange unit opening, after a stem member is inserted into the vessel. Following coke removal from the drum, the stem member is withdrawn, the stem guide unit is pivotally moved upwardly, and the head cover unit is moved downwardly to cover the coking drum flanged unit. The invention also discloses method steps for operating the head cover and stem guide devices of the assembly.

Abstract: A gas jumper arrangement for a coke oven is composed of adjacently arranged coke oven chambers each having a gas opening with rims at the top portion thereof. The gas jumper arrangement overlaps gas openings of two adjacent coke oven chambers by one lid chamber each. The two lid chambers are connected in a duct-like manner by a gas jumper pipe and lids covering the gas openings during filling of a coke oven chamber are displaceable from an opened position into a closed position and settable into a rotational movement within the lid chambers by an actuation device. In order to ensure the tightness of the gas openings at the rims thereof even at larger pressure fluctuations and to enable the introduction of inert gas into the gas jumper arrangment, both the lid and the rim of each gas opening includes valve-face type sealing surfaces that mate with each other when pressed against each other in the closed position of the lid. A feed line for supplying an inert gas runs into the gas jumper arrangement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to decoking of a residual oil delayed coke reactor. When decoking, the roller of the flexible pipe winch is rotated to cause the flexible pipe to vertically ascend or descend in the coker wherein the high pressure water rotates the turbine blades of the turbine-reductor which brings the drilling and cutting combination unit into rotation so as to drill a through hole in the coke accumulation and then conduct the decoking operation. The drilling and cutting combination unit is equipped with a pressure control unit so that switchover of the drilling and cutting operations can be automatically performed. The present invention eliminates the use of a derrick, resulting in significant savings in time, quantity of steel, capital investment, and equipment required to facilitate the decoking process and enhance decoking efficiency.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning and sealing the peripheral knife edge of a coke oven door has a vertical mast which is positioned adjacent one edge of a door suitably supported in vertical position on a door rack. A treatment carriage in the form a horizontal arm is mounted for vertical reciprocation along the mast. Spray heads are mounted on an endless conveyor chain looped around turning point sprockets at opposite ends of the treatment carriage. The diameter of the turning point sprockets and the distance therebetween are related to the curvature of the corners of the door and the width of the door so that as the drive chain traverses the upper part of its endless run the spray heads can spray a path corresponding to the profile of the top edge of the door and the curved corners at opposite ends thereof.

Abstract: Process for the removal of coke from a coking reactor of a series of coking reactors, comprising the projection of water under pressure at the coke via a water-ejection device hanging from a flexible tube guided by a guide pulley movably mounted above the reactors for translation between each reactor of the series of reactors.

Abstract: Shell-and-tube transfer line heat exchangers having heat exchange tubes contained within an outer shell and a primary tubesheet, to minimize inlet end fouling, are disclosed. The exchanger includes: a secondary porous tubesheet, through which a reactive gas, e.g., an oxidizing gas such as air, oxygen, steam or mixtures thereof or a reducing gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide or mixtures thereof, can diffuse in amounts sufficient to react with coke deposits on the porous tubesheets process gas inlet side; the porous tubesheet is positioned preferably, but not necessarily, substantially parallel to the heat exchanger's process gas inlet end primary tubesheet nearer the inlet ends of the heat exchange tubes than the primary tubesheet and is, like the primary tubesheet, perforated by the heat exchange tubes, thus creating, with the heat exchanger's outer shell and the primary tubesheet, an enclosed space, and at least one gas inlet communicating with the enclosed space through which the reactive gas is fed.

Abstract: Method for automated hydro-blast de-coking of delayed coke drums wherein programmed central control receives input of drill stem tension, drill bit elevation and drill stem rotation along with indications as to hydraulic hoist power and air pressure input to the drill stem rotary motor, and functions to provide control outputs to automatically control the pilot and main bed cutting procedures attendant an entire drum de-coking operation.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and a method for pyrolytic decomposition of polymeric materials into lower molecular weight products involving the heat treatment of raw polymeric material within reactive conduits submerged in a fluidized bed furnace operated at pyrolizing temperatures.

Abstract: Means for cleaning the sealing surfaces of coke oven leveling doors and frames, the cleaning means being installed on a coke-pushing machine without any increase in the normal overall length thereof. A carriage extends between and is movable along guideways mounted on the side walls of a surrounding casing, the carriage being provided with liquid nozzles adapted to be directed at the sealing surfaces of the leveling door frame and the sealing surfaces of the leveling door when rotated upwardly. Nozzles are connected through hoses to a supply of high-pressure liquid, the arrangement being such that as the carriage moves along the guideways, high-pressure liquid issuing from the nozzles will clean the sealing surfaces of a leveling door frame and a leveling door when it is rotated upwardly.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a reaction chamber provided with a charging hole, a branch pipe for discharging a suspension, and a branch pipe for withdrawing a vapor-gas phase which branch pipe is communicated with a condenser. The apparatus further includes a heater provided with a heat-exchanger for preheating a solvent, said heat-exchanger being introduced into said heater and communicated with said reaction chamber through nozzles adapted for jet feeding of the solvent into the reaction mass.At the outlet of the reaction chamber there is mounted a distillation column communicated with the branch pipe for discharging the suspension and provided in the upper portion thereof with a branch pipe for withdrawal of the vapor-gas phase, while in the lower portion thereof there is provided a branch pipe for discharging a distillation residue.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing charging hole covers and for cleaning sealing surfaces is carried by a charging car that is movable along an oven roof of a battery of horizontal coke oven chambers. The apparatus includes a support member carried by guides for vertical movement on the charging car. A pivot head is carried by a shaft to pivot about a first axis on the support member. The first axis is inclined at an angle of 45.degree. to vertical. A magnetic gripper is carried by a shaft to rotate about a second axis on the pivot head. A charging hole frame cleaner includes a cleaning tool carried by a shaft to rotate about a third axis on the pivot head. The second and third axes are disposed in a plane at an angle to one another on opposite sides of the first axis and coplanar with the first axis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assisting an operator in a coke cutting operation wherein both a graphic and audio display of the operation are provided. The vibration of the coke drum is measured and after filtering, is recorded on a chart recorder and its amplitude converted to a related audio signal.

Abstract: A method and a device for feeding purging and degraphitizing air into pipes for rich gas leading to the heating walls of coke ovens. In the device a first cross-sectional opening is connected to a pipe for rich gas. This opening can be opened and closed with a first gate and is adapted to initially release only a relatively small cross-sectional aperture for passing purging air therethrough. A second cross-sectional opening is provided in the device, which is connected to the pipe for rich gas. The second opening can be opened and closed with a second gate and is adapted to release successively, with a time delay after the first cross-sectional opening, a relatively larger cross-section for passing degraphitizing air therethrough. An exchangeable screen can be placed in the aperture in the first cross-sectional opening. The degraphitizing air enters the pipe for burning off the graphite deposits resulting from the rich gas.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for cleaning the interiors of risers of coking chambers of a coke oven wherein a head provided with scrapers, hydraulic cleaning means or oxygen supply for burning off deposits, is introduced laterally into the coking furnace below the riser and caused to elevate through the riser. Thereafter the head is lowered and the apparatus withdrawn laterally through the coking chamber.

Abstract: A process of treating coke oven doors and jambs with a material containing micro micron particles of graphite in a liquid carrier is described that forms a penetrating lubricating adhesive coating on the coke oven doors and jambs which acts to prevent leakage of tar and other coke by-products as heretofore common in the art and the resultant inability of maintaining a sealing relation between the doors and jambs.

Abstract: A process for removing an agglomerate of accumulated materials including ash concentrate which collects within the first heavy phase withdrawal conduit of a coal deashing system employing solvent at elevated temperatures and pressures near the critical temperature of the solvent. A carrier fluid is introduced into the first heavy phase withdrawal conduit simultaneously with or after pressure reduction of the heavy phase under conditions such that a turbulent flow profile is developed within the withdrawal conduit which results in the removal of at least a substantial portion of any accumulated materials within the withdrawal conduit.

Abstract: A decoking device suitable for use on a reaction vessel for the thermal cracking of heavy petroleum oils, including an assembly mounted on top of the reaction vessel and having a cylinder and a piston slidably and rotatably received in the cylinder, the cylinder and piston defining a scrubbing liquid chamber which is sealed from the outside. A scrubbing liquid is fed through the scrubbing liquid chamber to a main injection pipe to inject the liquid through a multitude of jet nozzles in the main injection pipe against the inner wall surfaces of the reaction vessel, the main injection pipe being connected to the piston for movement therewith.