Abstract: Disclosed is a vertical pyrolysis equipment for coal material, which comprises an enclosed kiln body with an inlet and an outlet, a flame-gas heating pipelines provided inside the kiln body, coal material propulsion and pyrolysis passage formed between the flame-gas heating pipelines and inner wall of the kiln body, coal pyrolysis gas collecting tube communicated with the coal material propulsion and pyrolysis passage provided on the kiln. The heat generated by flame-gas heating pipelines is conducted and radiated to coal powder in the coal material propulsion and pyrolysis passage. The coal powder sufficiently absorbs the heat and is pyrolyzed into fuel gas, tar gas and coal with high heat value inside the coal material propulsion and pyrolysis passage. The pyrolyzed fuel gas and tar gas are transferred to the gas dedusting-liquifying mechanism outside the kiln through the connecting coal pyrolysis gas collecting tube for collecting, dedusting, separating and high-pressure liquefying.

Abstract: A process and system for the conversion of biomass under high severity in the presence of a catalyst to produce a bio-oil, olefins, methane, and carbon monoxide (CO). The methane and/or CO can be used to generate hydrogen and the generated hydrogen can be used for hydrotreating the bio-oil. Additionally, or alternatively, a syngas stream, a carbon dioxide-rich stream, and/or a methane-rich stream can be recovered for use in the bio-oil production process and/or for use in a conventional petroleum refinery and/or petrochemical plant.

Abstract: A coke oven and a method of operating the same, capable not only of achieving a uniform combustion temperature heightwise within a combustion chamber when a rich gas or a lean gas is burnt, but also of reducing NOx content in the waste gas, while eliminating localized high-temperature combustion. The combustion chamber of the coke oven comprises a rich-gas port 2 located near an oven wall 6 bordering a carbonization chamber in the bottom 5 of combustion chamber, and the midpoint P3, connecting the center P2 of a lean-gas port 7 and the center P of an air port 3, is on the side opposite to the rich-gas port 2 relative to the center line CL of the combustion chamber. (See FIG.

Abstract: An improved delayed coking unit with at least one coke drum wherein said coke drum comprises a substantially closed interior, a top portion having an aperture, an overhead vapor outlet nozzle removably connected to the aperture, and a deflector for deflecting solids and heavy hydrocarbon liquids from exiting said interior of said coke drum through said aperture.

Abstract: A nozzle plate construction for underjet coke ovens for distributing and metering combustion-supporting air supplied upwardly to regenerators through a sole flue extending parallel to the chamber axis. The sole flue is closed at the top by plate elements having apertures therein. In accordance with the invention, the various plate elements are in the form of troughs having plane base plates each formed with one longitudinal gap therein. Associated with each longitudinal gap is a metering element so mounted at its ends so as to be adjustable in its distance from the plane of the base plate. In this manner, the air flowing upwardly into the regenerator sections can be accurately controlled and uniformly distributed. At the same time, the nozzle plate construction of the invention is light in weight while being very stable and easy to assemble.

Abstract: Briquettes made from bituminous or sub-bituminous coal or peat are produced by grinding the coal, mixing it with a binder and compacting the mixture. They are then carbonized in a continuous process in a shaft oven. The coal may be predried and the finished briquettes may be preheated, with a subsequent drying and hardening. The carbonization is effected in two stages in an indirectly heated shaft oven, with the evolved gas being taken off about at the mid-height of the oven shaft, processed, and used for heating in the second, high-temperature stage. The flue gases from this high-temperature stage are used for heating in the first stage and for preheating. The second or high-temperature stage is followed by a cooling stage where the gases evolved in the second stage, and mainly comprising hydrogen are used and circulated. The evolved gas in excess is continuously removed from the cooling circuit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charcoal producing apparatus comprising a combustion chamber, a heating chamber, first passage means interconnecting the combustion chamber and a discharge flue and second passage means interconnecting the heating chamber with the combustion chamber the second passage means being open to the atmosphere and having means for closing it off from the atmosphere. The invention also provides a method for the production of charcoal.

Abstract: Abrasion-proof coke forms are produced from bituminous coal, brown coal, or peat in the form of briquets, by preheating the briquets, dehydrating or predrying them, carbonizing them and then cooling them in at least three separate stages in which the briquets are dehydrated indirectly by subjecting them to indirect temperature conditions, producing a temperature gradient in the briquets. The briquets are automatically fed into a shaft tower which includes an upper drying shaft portion made up of a plurality of stacked radiators which include tube elements for the passing of a heating fluid, such as steam, therethrough and which define vertical shaft passages through which the briquet forms are passed downwardly and into a carbonizing shaft which has separate gas channels for directing heating gases therethrough and to a heating flue and which subsequently includes a lower cooling zone through which the briquets pass and then into a discharge channel where they are delivered for classification.

Abstract: Vertically elongate pockets are defined between fixed and horizontally movable vertical refractory walls. When the bottom of the pocket is closed, coal dropped into the pocket from above is compressed between the fixed and movable walls and heated to coking temperature by hot gases in vertical flues extending through the refractory walls. When coked, the moveable wall recedes and the coke therein drops into a shaft furnace below, where devolatilization is complete and the coke is quenched in an inert gas atmosphere, which is totally enclosed to prevent air pollution.

Abstract: A coke oven, comprises a housing having an interior vertically elongated coke oven chamber with a plurality of vertically extending binding walls subdividing the oven chamber into a plurality of heating flues. A nozzle in each of the binder walls between the heating flues discharges a rich gas into each flue. In addition, the binder walls contain respective first and second vertical air ducts arranged in alternate binder walls between the flues with alternate ones of the air ducts having discharges at one or more levels above the others of each binder duct wall and connecting into the flues on each side of the associated binding wall. An air duct supply is connected separately to the alternate ones in each of the other air supply ducts.

Abstract: A device for producing abrasion-proof coke forms from bituminous or brown coal briquettes, charcoal or peat, comprising, a preheating stage, a dehydrating stage, a carbonization stage and a cooling stage, each stacked in a column to form a tower furnace. Each of the stages include an annular zone for receiving the coal or charcoal material and each stage is supplied with a separate and independent gas circuit. Each annular zone is formed between an inner substantially cylindrical jacket and an outer substantially cylindrical jacket with a shaft space defined in the inner cylindrical jacket. Heaters for the gas circuits of the preheating, dehydrating and carbonizing stages are disposed in the shaft space.

Abstract: Apparatus and system for producing high pressure gas, such as high pressure coal gas from coal, air and water. Pulverized coal is introduced into a rising stream of steam in a central reaction column of a retort to constitute a fluidized or entrained bed. The coal reacts with the steam to form a gas consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane and higher hydrocarbons. The retort is constructed so that product gas and air may be burned in an annular chamber surrounding the central reaction column to produce hot flue gas. The hot flue gas is used to drive a turbine which in turn, drives a compressor which introduces compressed air into the annular chamber. Steam tubes may be disposed in the annular space so that the steam introduced to the central reaction chamber may be super-heated by the hot flue gas.

Abstract: Apparatus and system for producing coal gas from coal, air and water. Pulverized coal is introduced into a rising stream of air and steam in a retort to constitute a fluidized or entrained bed. The coal reacts with the steam and air to form a gas consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane and higher hydrocarbons. In some cases the air may be eliminated to produce nitrogen-free gas. In other instances, the production of methane and higher hydrocarbons may be suppressed to produce a gas consisting primarily of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The retort is constructed so that product gas and air may be burned in an annular space surrounding the central reaction column to produce hot flue gas. Steam tubes may be disposed in the annular space so that the steam and air introduced to the central reaction chamber may be super-heated by the hot flue gas.

Abstract: A method of producing form coke that is coke having pieces of substantially identical form using a heated shaft furnace comprises mixing fine coke with a caking coal and pressing the mixture at temperatures at which the mixture is plastic in order to form briquettes. The briquettes are permitted to harden and degasify and thereafter they are exposed to a high temperature after hardening for example to a temperature of from 400.degree. to 900.degree. C from 60 to 120 minutes. Thereafter the briquettes are cooled. A first mixing substance is prepared by permitting a fine coal to fall in a non-compressed stream in the shaft furnace while heat is transferred thereto substantially by radiation.

Abstract: A coke oven and method of heating a coke oven are provided in which the coke oven has coking chambers with a low burner heating wall on one side of the coking chamber and a high burner heating wall on the other side of the coking chamber. Heating takes place by only low burners in one heating wall and only high burners in the other heating wall.