Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a system for harvesting salt, and other valued material, and generating distilled water from at least one of a produced water and salt water. The system can include a direct steam generator (DSG) configured to generate saturated steam and combustion exhaust constituents. The system can include a separation system operating after the DSG, configured to separate salt from the saturated steam and combustion exhaust constituents in at least one of brine form and solid form. The system can include an energy recovery system that includes an expansion turbine configured to recover energy from the steam and exhaust constituents.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a system for desalination of a liquid comprises at least one primary treatment process, at least one secondary treatment process, wherein the at least one secondary treatment process comprises at least one reactor, and at least one tertiary treatment process, wherein the at least one primary treatment process is configured to adjust a pH of the liquid to target pH level and to add at least one chemical additive to the liquid, wherein the at least one reactor is configured to heat the liquid to a temperature of at least 350° F. and to supply a pressure to the liquid to maintain the liquid in a liquid state, and wherein the dissolved salt of the liquid is configured to react with at least a portion of the at least one chemical additive to form an insoluble product within the at least one reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a distributed energy source system utilizing waste heat deeply. The distributed energy source system utilizing waste heat deeply comprises a primary waste heat recycling module, a membrane distillation type seawater desalination module and a membrane type thermoosmosis power generation module. The distributed energy source system utilizing waste heat deeply provided by the present invention can recycle and deeply utilize waste heat and moisture in flue gas by means of the primary waste heat recycling module, the membrane distillation type seawater desalination module and the membrane type thermoosmosis power generation module to realize functions of seawater desalination and low-temperature power generation, has high energy utilization ratio and improves the waste heat utilization efficiency.

Abstract: A water reclamation system includes a collection basin that collects greywater from non-toilet sources. The collection basin is part of a fluid path of the greywater. A plurality of sensors are disposed within the fluid path. The plurality of sensors monitor a particulate level within the greywater. The plurality of sensors include at least a turbidity sensor and a conductivity sensor. A coagulation and filtration system separates particulate from the greywater to define filtered greywater. A staging basin is included, where the filtered greywater is delivered from the coagulation and filtration system to the staging basin to define flush water.

Abstract: A cooling and desalination system, and a method for concurrent cooling and desalination are provided. The cooling and desalination system includes a humidification-dehumidification (HDH) system including a humidifier for humidifying a carrier gas using saline water, and a dehumidifier for dehumidifying the carrier gas to obtain desalinated water. The cooling and desalination system further includes a vapor-absorption refrigeration (VAR) system including an evaporator for evaporating a refrigerant and providing cooling effect, an absorber for absorbing the refrigerant by an absorbent, a desorber for heating the refrigerant and the absorbent to obtain vapors of the refrigerant, and a condenser for condensing the vapors of the refrigerant. Herein, the HDH system and the VAR system are connected at the absorber and the condenser so that the carrier gas, after passing through the humidifier, is configured to absorb heat from the absorber and the condenser, before entering the dehumidifier.

Abstract: A new apparatus, system and method to purified produced water and removed valuable metals and minerals is described. The apparatus comprises a device for flowing produced water wellbore from a wellbore to the produced water purification apparatus; at least one device to remove heavy metals from the produced water; at least one brine removal device to remove brine from the produced water. The method comprises steps to use the apparatus and the system comprises a control panel that operates the at least one device for removing heavy metals and at least one sensor in a coordinated manner.

Abstract: A new apparatus, system and method to purified produced water and removed valuable metals and minerals is described. The apparatus comprises a device for flowing produced water wellbore from a wellbore to the produced water purification apparatus; at least one device to remove heavy metals from the produced water; at least one brine removal device to remove brine from the produced water. The method comprises steps to use the apparatus and the system comprises a control panel that operates the at least one device for removing heavy metals and at least one sensor in a coordinated manner.

Abstract: A solar vapor generator system and method are provided. In some embodiments, the system has near perfect energy conversion efficiency in the process of solar vapor generation below room temperature. Remarkably, when the operation temperature of the system is below that of the surroundings, the total vapor generation will be higher than the upper limit that can be produced by the input solar energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to an anti-blocking seawater desalination device based on graphene filtering, comprising heating device, solar heat-collecting device, fresh water condensation heat-exchange device and thermal-expansion and cold-shrinkage control valve mechanism; the heating device can fully heat and distill seawater, the sprayed seawater is distilled by graphene heat-conduction layers to improve the distillation efficiency and avoiding blocking; the distilled water vapor enters into fresh water condensation heat-exchange device to exchange heat with seawater, increasing the seawater temperature, making full use of the heat in water vapor, and increasing water vapor condensation speed; the distilled concentrated seawater enters into the thermal-expansion and cold-shrinkage control valve mechanism, the flow of seawater entering into the heating device is controlled by the concentrated seawater temperature, when the temperature is too high, the flow of the seawater entering into the heating device increase

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a system for treating effluent water. More particularly, it provides a robust apparatus for treating waste liquid by optimizing solar and wind energy to maximize the evaporation rate as compare to natural evaporation rate. The main object of the present invention is to provide a system for evaporating RO reject and other effluent liquid and other liquids, by optimizing system to solar and wind energy to maximize vaporization rate and recovery rate at marginal operational cost.

Abstract: A kettle reboiler includes a shell, a liquid reservoir defined within the shell to contain a first process fluid, and a tube bundle positioned within the liquid reservoir and at least partially submergible in the first process fluid, the tube bundle being configured to circulate a second process fluid that causes the first process fluid to boil and discharge a vapor-liquid mixture. A liquid-vapor separation assembly is positioned in the shell and includes a separation deck, and a plurality of separation devices mounted to the separation deck, each separation device being operable to de-entrain liquid from the vapor-liquid mixture and discharge a vapor. A vapor outlet nozzle is coupled to the shell to receive the vapor discharged from the plurality of separation devices.

Abstract: A membrane distillation device, provided with a membrane distillation module including a plurality of hydrophobic porous hollow fiber membranes, and a condenser for condensing water vapor extracted from the module. The average pore diameter of the porous hollow fiber is 0.01-1 ?m. The filling ratio of the porous hollow fiber of the membrane distillation module is 10-80%, and the pressure condition for the membrane distillation is equal to or greater than 1 kPa and equal to or less than the saturated vapor pressure of water at the temperature of the water being treated.

Abstract: A solar-powered system including a chamber that is bordered by an evaporation layer and a condensation layer; and a photothermal layer located over the evaporation layer so that sun rays incident on the photothermal layer are transformed into heat and the heat is supplied to the evaporation layer for evaporating water. The sun rays incident on the photothermal layer do not pass through the condensation layer prior to arriving at the photothermal layer.

Abstract: A desalination device may comprise: a membrane distillation module comprising a water feed chamber, a carrier gas (CG) chamber, and a hydrophobic microporous membrane configured to separate the water feed chamber and the CG chamber; and a bubble column dehumidifier comprising a bubble column inlet, a bubble column gas outlet, and a product outlet, wherein the MD module allows water vapor to translocate to the CG chamber, but not liquid water, and wherein the water feed each chamber has comprises a water feed inlet and a water feed outlet, wherein the CG chamber comprises a CG chamber inlet and CG chamber outlet, wherein the CG chamber outlet is upstream of and connected to the bubble column dehumidifier, and wherein the CG chamber inlet is downstream of and connected to the bubble column dehumidifier so as to cycle a carrier gas through the CG chamber and the bubble column dehumidifier.

Abstract: A solar-powered system includes a support portion; and an evaporation portion having a pumping layer and a photothermal layer. The support portion pumps a fluid to the evaporation portion, the pumping layer evaporates the fluid based on solar power; and the photothermal layer is insulated from the pumping layer.

Abstract: A water purification device comprising a pre-purified water reservoir for storing pre-purified water, a water vapor chamber for receiving water vapor generated from heating the pre-purified water in the pre-purified water reservoir, a condensation chamber for receiving the water vapor and condensing the water vapor into purified water, and a Peltier device comprising a hot side and a cold side. The hot side of the Peltier device heats the pre-purified water into water vapor and the cold side of the Peltier device condenses the water vapor into purified water.

Abstract: A distillation apparatus includes an evaporator-condenser heat exchanger in combination with a compressor. The heat exchanger is mounted to float in an at least partially immersed position in a sump of liquid. The liquid may be a sap, or may be soiled water, and may have suspended solid. Heating of the liquid yield steam, the steam is compressed, and the heated, compressed steam is fed back into the heat exchanger to provide further heat to the liquid. The process yields a concentrated in the liquid bath and distilled water, each of which may be a desired product. The system may include a pre-heater that exchanges residual heat from the hot distillate with the cooler input liquid. The apparatus and process may have multiple stages.

Abstract: The quick response system and method for removing volatile compounds from contaminated water disclosed herein may comprise, at least, a preconditioning stage, a stripping stage, a condenser stage, a refrigeration stage, and a scrubber stage. The present invention relates to a portable system and method that can be deployed on an emergency or quick response basis to purify aqueous streams containing volatile organic compounds (VOC) and chlorinated hydrocarbons, collectively volatile compounds (VC), emitted from petroleum and chemical processing facilities. The system allows manufacturing facilities having internal cleanup issues to become compliant with environmental standards and guidelines quickly. Once the issues in the petroleum facility are fixed, this method can be demobilized and removed from the site in a short period of time.

Abstract: A water distiller provides distilled water from an input water supply for domestic, clinic, studio, hospital or factory applications with greatly improved energy efficiency. Stages of the distiller may employ under pressure conditions and/or various vapor compression, heat pump or intermediate process arrangements to provide efficient heat transfer and heating, without requiring boiling of the full input water volume. Enhanced mixing and/or heat transfer may be effected by passing water vapor through the water heating pool and result in clean, efficient distillation in a unit designed for a defined rate or volume of distillate or small system. Embodiments of the invention require less energy than required for comparably-sized direct boiling systems, and may be configured to purge gases or impurities to attain, or maintain, clean heat transfer surfaces and a desired level of product purity.

Abstract: An apparatus (100) for purifying fluid, wherein the apparatus (100) comprises an osmosis unit (102) configured for pre-purifying the fluid to be purified by forward osmosis of the fluid, which is to be purified, through an osmosis membrane (104) into a chamber (106) comprising dissolved first ions, in particular first cations and first anions, an ion exchange unit (108) configured for exchanging at least part of the first ions, in particular at least part of at least one of the first cations and the first anions, by second ions, in particular at least one of second cations and second anions, and a re-concentration unit (110) configured for separating the pre-purified fluid after the ion exchange into purified fluid and into a re-concentrate enriched with the respective ions, in particular anions and cations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an air conditioning system for a vehicle including the steps of: calculating a water collection quantity in an evaporator during the operating period of a cooling mode of the air conditioning system, calculating a quantity of drainage water from the evaporator, determining a quantity of water present in the evaporator at a certain point in time, and comparing the determined quantity of water in the evaporator with a predetermined limit value at the point in time of starting the vehicle or at the point in time of starting the ventilation mode of the air conditioning system. The cooling mode of the air conditioning system is activated if the limit value is exceeded and otherwise the ventilation mode of the air conditioning system is activated.

Abstract: A system for processing a fluid by generating water vapor through forced compression and rotation in a vessel includes capturing sea water for use in desalination processing in the vessel. Any fluid processed in the vessel, including sea water, can be used to create water vapor that rises to an elevation under its own power. After condensing the water vapor to liquid again, the condensed liquid falls upon a hydro-electric generator to generate electricity that is stored for later use. Brine output from the system can be recycled for re-processing through the system to increase water vapor yield. The wet brine output may also be dried to produce dried brine for subsequent processing of salt and other minerals.

Abstract: Described is an osmotic distillation process for concentrating a liquid containing sodium chloride, and in particular a treatment process for used reaction water containing sodium chloride from the production of polymers.

Abstract: A membrane distillation module with a circulating line to circulate a portion of distilled water, which is formed and accumulated in a distillate zone, to enhance a permeate flux of water vapor through a hydrophobic membrane of the membrane distillation module. Various combinations of embodiments of the membrane distillation module are provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates a system for the treatment of water. The water treatment system may be linked an aquatic protection system or a water filtration system.

Abstract: A system for processing saltwater or brackish water while recovering energy otherwise wasted in electricity generation by a natural gas generator or turbine. Heat in the generator exhaust is used to directly heat and process the water in the saltwater or brackish water into high quality steam, separating the majority of salt and contaminants from the water, and leaving potable water that can be permitted and released to the environment or sold for agricultural or industrial use such as oilfield activities. The system also captures and liquefies CO2 in the generator exhaust.

Abstract: A system includes a gas turbine system having a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), a compressor, an intercooler, and a steam turbine. The HRSG is configured to receive an exhaust gas, heat a first working fluid with the exhaust gas, and route the first working fluid to the steam turbine, where the steam turbine is configured to extract energy from the first working fluid, and where the intercooler is configured to receive a compressed air from the compressor of the gas turbine engine and to cool the compressed air to a first controllable temperature determined by engine controls with a second working fluid having a second controllable temperature suitable for cooling the compressed air to the first controllable temperature determined by the engine controls. The system also includes a first feed heater of a distillation system, where the first feed heater is configured to receive the mixture and the second working fluid such that the second working fluid sinks heat to the mixture.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to humidification-dehumidification desalination systems, including apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), mobile humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems (e.g., systems having a relatively low height and/or a relatively small footprint), and associated systems and methods. Certain embodiments generally relate to methods of operating, controlling, and/or cleaning desalination systems comprising a plurality of desalination units (e.g., HDH desalination units).

Abstract: In one embodiment, a renewable energy generation and storage system and method is provided for storing both electrical and thermal energy that includes a forward osmosis system for drawing water across a membrane such that the water drawn across the membrane is used to dilute an osmotic ionic draw solution and the diluted osmotic ionic draw solution is used to drive a hydro-turbine; an FO-EED separation system for separating the drawn water from the ionic draw solution using renewable electrical energy and an osmotic polymer introduced in the FO-EED system during use, so that the ionic draw solution is re-concentrated by using electrical energy, such that the water from the ionic solution combines with the concentrated osmotic polymer; a coalescer configured to receive compressed CO2 to separate the water from the polymer by having the polymer absorb the compressed CO2 during use; and using thermal energy for separating the CO2 from the polymer, thereby regenerating a concentrated polymer solution.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to humidification-dehumidification desalination systems, including apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), mobile humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems (e.g., systems having a relatively low height and/or a relatively small footprint), and associated systems and methods. Certain embodiments generally relate to methods of operating, controlling, and/or cleaning desalination systems comprising a plurality of desalination units (e.g., HDH desalination units).

Abstract: Bioreactor with a vessel having at least one gas dissipation duct for gas discharge, the orifice of the gas dissipation duct being connected to a hydrophobic sterile filter and to a condenser arranged between them and having condensation surfaces, a turbulence generator for generating a turbulent flow is arranged in the gas dissipation duct in the region of the condenser.

Abstract: A system for processing a fluid by generating water vapor through forced compression and rotation in a vessel includes capturing sea water for use in desalination processing in the vessel. Any fluid processed in the vessel, including sea water, can be used to create water vapor that rises to an elevation under its own power. After condensing the water vapor to liquid again, the condensed liquid falls upon a hydro-electric generator to generate electricity that is stored for later use. Brine output from the system can be recycled for re-processing through the system to increase water vapor yield. The wet brine output may also be dried to produce dried brine for subsequent processing of salt and other minerals.

Abstract: A system to distill seawater is disclosed. The system includes a condensing probe that serves to increase surface area and duration that heat is transferred. The system includes a first evaporator to receive seawater and boil the received seawater and produce a water vapor in addition to a boiler that contains a refrigerant R-410A. The system includes vertical blades placed across a bottom portion of the first evaporator, allowing precipitated salt to pass between the vertical blades and settle onto a tray located underneath the bottom of the evaporator. The tray is then compartmentalized as the vertical blades rotate horizontally and create a partition separating the tray from the seawater. The system includes a glass encasing that encapsulates the boiler wherein a vacuum is disposed within the glass encasing. The system includes a heating element coupled to a circulating fan to heat water vapor in the condenser.

Abstract: This invention is designed to create potentially unlimited commercial fresh water at a significantly reduced cost in relation to existing fresh water creation systems such as sea water desalination. This invention pumps coastal atmospheric air through sealed pipes to ocean water depths (ideally) of approximately 100-305 meters, or (ideally) into the local ocean's thermocline layer. Fresh water condensation occurs inside the sealed air pipes as cold ocean water chills the outside of the pipes. Condensation fresh water flows via gravity to the low point in the sealed air pipes where a powered fresh water pump is located. This powered fresh water pump then pumps the accumulated condensation water to the ocean surface and then on to shore as usable fresh water. The pumped-in air, now dehumidified, is piped to the surface and returned to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), and associated systems and methods. In certain embodiments, the apparatuses are configured to include various internal features, such as vapor distribution regions and/or liquid flow control weirs and/or baffles. In some cases, the apparatuses are used in water purification systems, such as desalination systems. The water purification systems may comprise additional devices external to the apparatuses, such as one or more heat exchangers, one or more heating devices, and/or one or more cooling devices.

Abstract: The present invention relatives to a method for manufacturing hydrogen-saturated deuterium-depleted water, comprising (a) providing a distilled or mineral water; (b) providing a hydrogen storage apparatus for providing a high purity hydrogen; (c) controlling a pressure of hydrogen gas between 3˜8 bar at a working environment temperature of 10˜28° C.; (d) controlling a flow velocity of hydrogen gas between 3˜5 L/min and inletting hydrogen into the distilled or mineral water to produce a pressure difference to replace deuterium from the distilled water; and (e) controlling a working time between 30˜90 mins to produce a hydrogen-saturated deuterium-depleted water. Therefore, a method for manufacturing hydrogen-saturated deuterium-depleted water with low consuming energy and low production cost is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy wherein a working liquid such as is evaporated to generate a stream of a working fluid. According to the invention, the stream of the working fluid is a stream of pressurized distillate produced by evaporation and condensation using a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) unit, said stream of pressurized distillate having a pressure of at least one bar, and a converter such as a turbine is used for generating mechanical energy from said stream of said pressurized distillate. The invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the method.

Abstract: A process treats high temperature produced water by passing a stream to an electrocoagulation unit and then to a membrane distillation (MD) unit where the stream contacts a hydrophobic membrane on a feed side and deionized water contacts the membrane on a product side. A distilled water stream is recovered and collected with the product side stream to form a volume-depleted exit produced water stream on the feed side of the hydrophobic membrane. The exit product side stream is passed through a heat exchanger to form a stream that is returned to a location upstream of the MD unit for an additional pass through the MD unit, thereby recovering additional water. The stream can be returned multiple times to achieve high recovery and to form a final stream leaving the MD unit having a temperature from 40-60 ° C., a total oil and grease content no greater than 500 mg/L, and a suspended solids content no greater than 200 mg/L.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a simple and improved process for removing aromatic hydrocarbons from deposit water through the use of associated petroleum gas as stripping gas.

Abstract: Water containing one or more solvents miscible in the water is heated to its boiling point. Air is introduced into the vapor mixture of steam and the miscible solvent at an air-to-steam volumetric ratio that is sufficient to get good transfer of the miscible solvent from the steam to air and provides an equilibrium temperature of the steam-air mixture compatible with operations of the heat exchanger. The mixture of gases is then rapidly cooled to condense the steam into water so that a substantial portion of the miscible solvent remains volatilized in the air. The air and condensed steam fractions are separated.

Abstract: Methods of sequestering CO2 from a gaseous source of CO2 are provided. Aspects of the methods include employing an alkali enrichment protocol, such as a membrane mediated alkali enrichment protocol, in a CO2 sequestration protocol. Also provided are systems for practicing the methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multistage membrane distillation device comprising a heating stage (28), preferably multiple condensing/evaporating stages (12), and a condensing stage (36) through which a liquid to be concentrated is passed in succession. Each condensing/evaporating stage comprises at least one condensing unit (K) and at least one evaporating unit (V). Each condensing unit comprises a first steam chamber that is delimited at least partly by a condensation wall (16), and each evaporating unit comprises a second steam chamber that is delimited at least partly by a steam-permeable liquid-tight membrane wall (20).

Abstract: Selective scaling in water treatment systems in which desalination is performed is generally described. According to certain embodiments, the location of the formation of solid scale within a water treatment system is controlled by adjusting one or more system parameters, such as the temperature and/or flow velocity of a saline stream within the water treatment system.

Abstract: Systems, components, and methods for water purification are described. In an example, a system may comprise an array of light-focusing elements, a heat exchanger device, a turbine generator, or other components and can be configured to use a source of light (e.g., sunlight) to filter water from a water source and to generate electricity. The electricity may be looped back into the system to further produce filtered water.

Abstract: A portable on-demand hydrogen supplemental system is provided for producing hydrogen gas and injecting the hydrogen gas into the air intake of internal combustion engines. Hydrogen and oxygen is produced by an electrolyzer from nonelectrolyte water in a nonelectrolyte water tank. The hydrogen gas is passed through a hydrogen gas collector. Nonelectrolyte water mixed with the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen gas collector is passed back thru the tank for distribution and water preservation. The system can be powered by the vehicles alternator, a standalone battery, waste heat or solar energy. The system utilizes an onboard diagnostic (OBD) interface in communication with the vehicle's OBD terminal, to regulate power to the system so that hydrogen production for the engine only occurs when the engine is running. The hydrogen gas is produced it is immediately consumed by the engine. No hydrogen is stored on, in or around the vehicle.

Abstract: Synergies in recovery of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane process reject waste and forward osmosis (FO) membrane process water extraction, using such osmotic process byproducts in applications for makeup to evaporative cooling towers, concurrent with use of specific corrosion and scale inhibition methods that permit tower water discharge reduction to approach zero blowdown. Such synergies are derived from methods for application of subsequent RO feed water and reject wastewater with pre-treatment steps, and FO process optimization steps to permit water quality and economic performance efficiencies when used as makeup to evaporative cooling systems.

Abstract: The solar, water desalination system includes a desalination chamber where fine water droplets are injected upward by an air atomizer towards an air-cooled condenser. Hot saline water is ejected vertically upward to double the contact time between the droplets and the surrounding air. The air is preheated by solar energy in parallel with an auxiliary heater to prevent lowering of the droplet temperature. Pumped air functions as a condensation media and to pull the salt water into the atomizer. This arrangement improves the heat and mass transfer inside the desalination chamber.

Abstract: A water resource treating device includes an inner tube having a wind inlet section, a front low-pressure section, and a buffering section in series. The front low-pressure section has an inner diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the buffering section. An outer tube is mounted around the inner tube. A flash space is defined between the inner and outer tubes. The outer tube includes a water filling hole and a draining hole both of which is in communication with the flash space. A condensing tank is mounted in the flash space and surrounds the front low-pressure section. The condensing tank is connected to the flash space by a water inlet tube. A water outlet tube is connected to the condensing tank for draining purified water in the condensing tank. A regulator is mounted in the front low-pressure section and controls communication between the inner tube and the condensing tank.

Abstract: A system and method are provided in at least one embodiment to process water to produce gas that can be separated into at least two gas flows using a water treatment system having a disk-pack rotating in it to cause out gassing from the water. In a further embodiment, the method and system use the gas released from the water to produce substantially fresh water from the processed salt water.

Abstract: Membranes for membrane distillation include at least one hollow fiber porous hydrophobic membrane, the at least one membrane including carbon nanotubes incorporated into the pore structure of the membrane. Membrane distillation systems may include a heat exchanger operably connected to a hollow fiber membrane module with one or more membranes including carbon nanotubes. Methods of solvent removal, sample preconcentration and desalination employing hollow fiber porous hydrophobic membranes with carbon nanotubes are disclosed.