Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions of plant oil-based biodegradable crude oil thinning fluids having a performance especially suitable to reducing crude oil viscosity in extraction and retrieval operations.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate generally to systems, apparatus, and methods for using graphene oxide-containing membranes for separation and concentration processes. In some embodiments, a fluid component having a first concentration in a fluid mixture can be concentrated using a first distillation process to a second concentration. In some embodiments, the fluid component can be concentrated from the second concentration to a third concentration using a graphene oxide-containing membrane. In some embodiments, the fluid component can be concentrated from the third concentration to a fourth concentration using a second distillation process. In some embodiments, the fluid component can have an azeotropic concentration between the second concentration and the third concentration.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enhanced separation of H2S and NH3 in an H2S stripper using carbon dioxide and/or an inert gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions of plant oil-based biodegradable crude oil thinning fluids having a performance especially suitable to reducing crude oil viscosity in extraction and retrieval operations.

Abstract: A process to separate paraxylene from a mixture of paraxylene, metaxylene, orthoxylene, and ethylbenzene in a commercial simulated moving bed apparatus in a reduced number of beds is provided, allowing an additional separation to be conducted in the remaining beds. This additional separation may separate another xylene isomer, ethylbenzene, or a non-aromatic C8+ hydrocarbon from the raffinate stream produced by the first separation. A PowerFeed process is used to recover paraxylene in a first adsorption zone containing 8-16 beds of a conventional 24-bed simulated moving bed adsorption apparatus, and then a second separation may be conducted in a second adsorption zone containing the remaining beds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions of plant oil-based biodegradable crude oil thinning fluids having a performance especially suitable to reducing crude oil viscosity in extraction and retrieval operations.

Abstract: Methods and systems for substantially simultaneous evaluation of rock sample permeability and porosity, and composition of formation fluids, are provided. Such methods and systems may be used to evaluate the permeability, porosity, and composition of at least a portion of a subterranean formation in a drilling operation. An example of such a method may include passing a cleaning fluid through the rock sample so as to extract at least a portion of one or more formation fluids from the rock sample in an effluent comprising the cleaning fluid and the portion of the one or more formation fluids; and determining one or more properties of the effluent so as to determine the composition of the portion of the one or more formation fluids, and so as to determine the permeability and porosity of the rock sample.

Abstract: A method for separating zirconium oxide/hafnium oxide by pyrometallurgy. The mixture of zirconium oxide/hafnium oxide, carbon and pure bromine react one hour at 650° C., then added to molten salt mixture for rectifying separation, and then maintained two hours at rectifying tower bottom below 357° C., to get the non-target substance; and then maintained five hours at 357° C. to collect the target substance zirconium tetrabromide; the residue in the reactor is retained, then rectification separation is performed in the same device, heated to 400° C. to retain more than five hours, to get hafnium tetrabromide, then the zirconium tetrabromide and hafnium tetrabromide are substituted by magnesium to get the pure zirconium and pure hafnium.

Abstract: A method for treating hydrogen sulfide in a solution includes providing the solution containing hydrogen sulfide. The method also includes adding sodium nitrite to the solution in an amount suitable to react with the hydrogen sulfide and treat the hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: Compositions of plant oil-based biodegradable crude oil thinning fluids are described having a performance especially suitable to reducing crude oil viscosity in extraction and retrieval operations. A method to recover oil from an oil well is described, comprising the steps of: a) providing a formulation comprising one or more terpenoid compounds, soy methyl esters, and glycol ether esters; b) introducing a first portion of the formulation into an oil well; and c) recovering a mixture from the oil well, where the mixture comprises at least a portion of the formulation together with oil from the oil well.

Abstract: The present invention relates to flavor oils including mint-, fruit- and spice-type flavors that are specially processed to substantially eliminate low-molecular weight sulfur compounds, in particular dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which has been found to be the main precursor of malodorous species such as dimethyl sulfide and methyl mercaptan. These malodorous species are produced via oxidation-reduction reactions involving such sulfur-containing compounds present in flavor oils. A preferred processing method is an aqueous-washing process, which has advantages of being simple, inexpensive and easy to implement while importantly avoiding the problems of typical processes including non-selective removal of desirable components and subjecting the flavor oils to extreme conditions that may destroy other components and result in undesirable changes in flavor or odor character.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for separating a selected xylene isomer. The method includes separating a feed stream including a plurality of aromatic hydrocarbons into a first stream including toluene and isomers of xylene, and a second stream including isomers of xylene. The method further includes separating the first stream into a third stream including toluene and a fourth stream including isomers of xylene. The method further includes combining the second stream and the third stream in an adsorptive separation unit including an adsorbent configured to adsorb the selected xylene isomer from the second stream. The third stream desorbs the selected xylene isomer to produce a fifth stream including the selected xylene isomer and toluene and a sixth stream including non-selected xylene isomers and toluene. Still further, the method includes separating the sixth stream into a seventh stream including the non-selected xylene isomers and the third stream including toluene.

Abstract: Process to generate synthesis gas and/or liquid raw materials and/or energy materials from waste and/or biomass by performing the following steps: a) solvolysis of the organic components of waste and/or biomass in an alkaline solution or hydrate smelter at a temperature range of 150° to 250° C. and pressure between 3 and 12 bar, whereby the organic components are converted into at least one liquid phase and the inorganic components are sedimented; b) elimination of the inorganic components from the liquid phase by physical separation methods; c) transfer of the vapors generated during the solvolysis into a rectification column, where the organic components are separated from water; and d) further separation of the organic components by rectification, extraction and sorption and/or conversion by thermal gasification into synthesis gas or burnable gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating monochloro-trifluoropropenes such as HCFC-1233 from azeotrope or azeotrope like combinations with HF. The process employs a cold, liquid phase separations and multiple azeotropic distillation trains.

Abstract: The present invention is a novel method for removing tritium oxide contamination from a solution with water. The method captures the tritium oxide in a much smaller volume suitable for economical disposal. In so doing the original water is decontaminated of the tritium oxide and may be discharged.

Abstract: A catalytic reaction-rectification integrated process and a catalytic reaction-rectification integrated column, and the specialized device of such process is provided. The reactants are preheated and mixed with catalysts, and then fed into a jet agitation reaction section located in the middle of the catalytic reaction-rectification integrated column from a feeding inlet. The jet agitation reaction section is a kettle-like reactor located in the middle of the catalytic reaction-rectification integrated column. After pressurized by a centrifugal pump, the reactant materials are admitted into a subsonic or transonic agitator located within the reaction section. The reactant materials are ejected into the jet agitation reaction section at high speed, to efficiently mix the solid and liquid phases in the reaction section and to reinforce heat and mass transfer efficiency during the reaction. The liquid reaction mixture is separated and purified directly in the catalytic reaction-rectification integrated column.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a system for recovering carbon dioxide from flue gas, in which a reboiler in a regenerator can be compactly installed, and a method therefor, in facilities where CO2 or the like contained in flue gas is recovered. [Solving Means] To include an absorber 1006 that absorbs CO2 contained in flue gas 1002, a regenerator 1008 that strips CO2 from CO2 absorbent (rich solution) 1007 to regenerate absorbent, internal shells 101 provided at a bottom of the regenerator 1008 with a predetermined interval therebetween, into which regenerated CO2 absorbent is introduced by a feeding unit 102 from a bottom side thereof so that the CO2 absorbent overflows from an upper end of the internal shell thereof toward the bottom of the regenerator, and a reboiler that is inserted into the internal shells 101 in a direction orthogonal to a vertical axis and includes a heat-transfer tube 103 that reboils absorbent.

Abstract: There is provided a regenerative adsorption distillation system comprising a train of distillation effects in fluid communication with each other. The train of distillation effects comprises at least one intermediate effect between the first and last distillation effects of the train, each effect comprising a vessel and a condensing tube for flow of a fluid therein. The system further comprises a pair of adsorption-desorption beds in vapour communication with the last effect and at least one intermediate effect, wherein the beds contain an adsorbent that adsorbs vapour from the last effect and transmits desorbed vapour into at least one of the intermediate effect.

Abstract: A water desalination system including at least one pair of evaporators, said pair including a high pressure and a low pressure evaporator, each for evaporating saline water to produce water vapor; at least three adsorption beds in selective vapor communication with each evaporator, said adsorption beds arranged to reversibly adsorb the water vapor from the corresponding evaporator; said adsorption beds in selective vapor communication with a condenser, and in heat transfer communication with a heat source for selectively desorbing the adsorbed water vapor; said condenser arranged to condense the water vapor to desalinated water; wherein said system is arranged to sequentially connect, for a pre-determined period, each evaporator to a corresponding adsorption bed, and the heat source to the third bed.

Abstract: A method for concentrating contaminated sorbate in a solution which includes contaminated sorbate and clean sorbate is described wherein contaminated sorbate having a freezing point which is higher than the freezing point of the clean sorbate is cooled to a temperature below the freezing point of the contaminated sorbate and above the freezing point of the clean sorbate to concentrate the contaminated sorbate by cycling alternately from a desorption cycle to an adsorption cycle. By maintaining the solution at a temperature between the freezing point of the contaminated sorbate and the freezing point of the clean sorbate, the clean sorbate can be evaporated off.

Abstract: Provided is a method for recovering high-concentration and high-purity amine from amine-containing waste water generated from nuclear power plants and thermal power plants. The method includes: capturing amine and concentrating waste water using a cation exchange resin; separating amine from the concentrated amine-containing waste water; and carrying out further separation of amine via distillation. The method may be applied to treat amine, which causes an increase in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen concentration, drastically at the time of its generation from waste water of nuclear power plants and thermal power plants. In this manner, the method may prevent an increase in load of existing waste water treating plants and avoid a need for modifying the equipment in the existing plants.

Abstract: Embodiments provided herein include methods and apparatuses for purification and recycling of hydrofracture water used in natural gas drilling and production. Embodiments include removal of dissolved solids by precipitation with sodium sulfate and by evaporation using, for example, a multiple effect evaporator.

Abstract: A water desalination system includes an evaporator for evaporating saline water to produce water vapor and an adsorption means in selective vapor communication with the evaporator for reversibly adsorbing the water vapor from the evaporator. The adsorption means is in selective vapor communication with a condenser, and desorbing means for desorbing the adsorbed water vapor from the adsorption means for collection by the condenser. The condenser is adapted to condense the water vapor to desalinated water.

Abstract: A process according to various approaches includes separating a component from a feed stream using adsorption separation. The process further includes directing one of the extract stream and the raffinate stream to a high pressure distillation column. In addition, the process includes pumping the one of the extract stream and the raffinate stream to increase the pressure in the stream to flow the one of the extract stream and the raffinate stream into an inlet of the distillation column.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for handling ?9-THC, which comprises preparing a solution of ?9-THC in a solvent which exists as a gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The invention also provides solutions of ?9-THC in the solvent and solid preparations of ?9-THC.

Abstract: A fluid processing device is provided for recycling a previously used water and glycol containing fluid by removing contaminants including hydrocarbon, metals, particulates and water contaminants from the water and glycol containing fluid. The device includes a particulate filter for removing particulates, an activated carbon filter for removing hydrocarbon contaminants, a micron-sized filter for removing at least one of particulate and metal contaminants, a high pressure membrane filter for removing contaminants and water, and a heater for heating the glycol containing fluid to a temperature at least near the boiling point of water in a predetermined reduced pressure atmosphere. The device also includes a low pressure separator having a tank kept generally at or near the predetermined reduced pressure for removing additional water from the water and glycol containing fluid.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for separating an olefin from mixed gases containing light olefins is provided. The process includes adsorbing the olefin of an olefin-containing mixed gas in an adsorption column packed with an adsorbent selectively adsorbing the olefin; discharging gases other than the olefin through the outlet of the adsorption column; desorbing the adsorbed olefin by displacement using a desorbent, and separating the olefin from the desorbent, thereby producing a high-purity olefin. The apparatus includes adsorption columns packed with an adsorbent selectively adsorbing an olefin, and at least two distillation columns for separating an olefin/desorbent mixture and an olefin poor stream/desorbent into their components. If the olefin concentration of the off-gas from an olefin rinse step is higher than that of a raw material gas, recovering the olefin from the off-gas is carried out before or after the adsorption step.

Abstract: A process for purifying a brine of organic compounds comprising: (a) supplying a brine that comprises at least one organic compound; (b) feeding at least one stripping zone with the brine from (a) and at least one stripping agent; (c) withdrawing from the stripping zone at least one fraction (I) consisting essentially of brine, the content of the organic compound being lower in fraction (I) than in the brine from step (a), and at least one fraction (II) consisting essentially of the stripping agent; wherein the temperature (T1) of the hotter fraction of the two fractions (I) and (II) and the temperature (T2) of the colder fraction of the two fractions (I) and (II), such temperatures expressed in degrees Celsius being the temperatures measured before any possible thermal conditioning which might be carried out before and/or during their withdrawal from the stripping zone, correspond to the following formula: 6×10?7(T1)3.

Abstract: Effect separation of a composition of matter that includes at least two seed or plant oil derivatives into at least one desired product stream using at least two separation operations, which are independently selected from among several potential separation operations, in conjunction with at least one recycle stream from a separation operation.

Abstract: A method is provided for recovering boric acid from a solution containing boric acid and at least one lithium compound. The method comprises (a) passing the solution through an ion exchange resin such that boric acid accumulates on the resin; (b) removing the boric acid from the resin with an aqueous alcohol solution, thus obtaining a first solution comprising an alcohol, boric acid, and water; (c) converting at least a portion of the boric acid to trimethyl borate, thereby obtaining a second solution; (d) distilling an azeotrope from the second solution, wherein the azeotrope contains trimethyl borate; and (e) recovering boric acid from the azeotrope.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for recovering polar hydrocarbons from non-polar hydrocarbons, such as aromatics from non-aromatics, naphthenes from paraffins and isoparaffins, or olefins from paraffins and isoparaffins, in feed mixtures containing at least a measurable amount of heavier hydrocarbons. According to the invention, an improved extractive distillation (extractive-distillation) process is disclosed for recovering aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, and xylenes from heavy (C9+) hydrocarbons. The invention also relates to an improved extractive-distillation process for recovering mainly benzene and toluene from the C6-C7 petroleum streams containing at least a measurable amount of C8+ hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing titanium compounds from hexachlorodisilane, wherein hexachlorodisilane is treated with an organic compound (V) which contains the structural units ?C—S— or ?C—O—.

Abstract: Crude fluoroethylene carbonate obtained by the fluorination of ethylene carbonate and elemental fluorine containing not more than 5% by weight of HF is purified by at least two subsequent distillation steps. The bulk of HF can be removed, if desired, in a preliminary HF removal step, e.g., by stripping, before performing the distillation. Further, if desired, a second HF removal step can be performed by contacting the crude mixture or the distillate obtained after the first distillation step with an adsorbent for HF, e.g., silica gel. The distillation can be performed batch wise. It is preferred to perform the distillation continuously. It yields purified fluoroethylene carbonate with an HF content of equal to or less than 30 ppm. The purified fluoroethylene carbonate can be applied as solvent additive for lithium ion batteries.

Abstract: Processes and systems for purifying silane-containing streams are disclosed with relatively less silane being lost in impurity streams by use of distillation and/or condensation operations.

Abstract: An aromatics complex producing one or more xylene isomers offers a large number of opportunities to conserve energy by heat exchange within the complex. One previously unrecognized opportunity is through providing two parallel distillation columns operating at different pressures to separate C8 aromatics from C9+ aromatics. The parallel columns offer additional opportunities to conserve energy within the complex through heat exchange in associated xylene recovery facilities.

Abstract: An aromatics complex producing one or more xylene isomers offers a large number of opportunities to conserve energy by heat exchange within the complex. One previously unrecognized opportunity is through providing two parallel distillation columns operating at different pressures to separate C8 aromatics from C9+ aromatics. The parallel columns offer additional opportunities to conserve energy within the complex through heat exchange in associated xylene recovery facilities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of anhydrous ethanol production using circulation by multiple towers' alternation, the procedure includes the steps of heating, adsorption, internal circulation, vacuum suction, washing and resolving etc. The method can prolong the life of adsorbent, reduce the heat exchanger's surface, cooling water, the equipment investment and energy consumption, provide high ethanol recovery rate and high dehydration, and protect environment.

Abstract: A natural gas dehydration system and method includes a contactor, a flash tank, and a still interconnected by a desiccant circulation system. A continuously fired reboiler is coupled to the still and the flash tank to burn the flash gas from the flash tank and heat the desiccant.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a tetramer production apparatus. The apparatus can include a fractionation zone and an oxygenate removal zone. The fractionation zone can produce a distillation product including one or more C6 hydrocarbons for producing one or more C12 compounds. The oxygenate removal zone may remove one or more oxygenate compounds from the distillation product passed through the oxygenate removal zone.

Abstract: A fuel preparation system includes a fractionation unit for treating fuel containing vanadium. A gas turbine is connected to the fractionation unit to receive treated fuel. The gas turbine may deliver exhaust from the gas turbine to the fractionation unit. The fuel preparation system may include a burner for burning a heavy fuel fraction from the faction unit and for delivering exhaust from the burner to the fractionation unit. The fuel preparation unit may include a boiler to receive the heavy fuel fraction for combustion and for delivering steam to the fractionation unit.

Abstract: Effect separation of a composition of matter that includes at least two seed or plant oil derivatives into at least one desired product stream using at least two separation operations, which are independently selected from among several potential separation operations, in conjunction with at least one recycle stream from a separation operation.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a method and system for preparing gaseous utility streams from gaseous process streams, particularly, removing oil contamination from such streams prior to use in a dry gas seal. The methods and systems may include at least one kinetic swing adsorption process including pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, calcination, and inert purge processes to treat gaseous streams for use in dry gas seals of rotating equipment such as compressors, turbines and pumps and other utilities. The adsorbent materials used include a high surface area solid structured microporous and mesoporous materials.

Abstract: A method for treating fuel containing vanadium including extracting vanadium from the fuel with an adsorption material and fractionating the fuel into a light oil fraction and a heavy fuel fraction. The light fuel fraction has a reduced amount of vanadium. Systems for fuel preparation are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an evaporation apparatus capable of supplying active ingredients sufficiently and stably. One embodiment of the invention includes a retention vessel keeping a liquid formulation which contains active ingredients, a liquid absorbing mechanism which absorbs the liquid formulation from said retention vessel, an evaporation mechanism which evaporates active ingredients of said liquid formulation absorbed into said liquid absorbing mechanism and adjusting means which adjusts the evaporation of active ingredients.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for obtaining a high purity disilicon hexachloride by removing a silanol with good efficiency from a disilicon hexachloride material containing the silanol as an impurity. The purification method for disilicon hexachloride of the present invention comprises a process for contacting a disilicon hexachloride material containing disilicon hexachloride and a silanol as an impurity with an adsorbent material such as activated carbon to remove the silanol. The method may further comprise a distillation process. The above processes are preferably performed in an atmosphere of an inert gas.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the purification of ethanol. In one embodiment the process includes boiling a degassed beer feed (106) in a pre-boiler (110) to provide a vapor by-pass fraction (112) that by-passes the conventional beer column and is fed into the rectifier column (124). The process allows free capacity in the rectifier column of new or established plants to be filled by ethanol-water vapor and/or condensate streams that do not originate from the beer column.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying alkyl aromatic compounds that is based on a system for percolating the fraction of the alkylate in which the chromophore precursors are concentrated using a selected clay placed in a fixed-bed reactor.

Abstract: A method for concentrating a water-soluble organic material wherein a mixture of the water-soluble organic material with water is distilled in a distillation column (11), and the fraction from the top (11a) of the distillation column (11) is separated by the use of a membrane separator (14) into a permeated vapor (F2) and a non-permeated vapor (F3), which comprises once condensing the fraction to form a condensate, heating the condensate in an evaporator (13) to generate a vapor (F1) having a pressure higher than the operation pressure for the distillation column (11), and introducing the vapor (F1) to the membrane separator (14), thereby separating water from the mixture.

Abstract: ?9 THC acid is obtained from plant material and extracted into an aqueous solvent under conditions of pH control. The acid is converted to a salt and the salt extracted into a polar solvent, yielding acid of high purity. The ?9 THC acid is then converted to ?9 THC which is further purified and combined with a carrier for pharmaceutical use.

Abstract: A process arrangement for distilling fuel grade ethanol include a distillation portion which distills beer to produce thin stillage and hot ethanol vapor. In an evaporation portion, a set of first effect evaporators which are heated either by plant steam or hot ethanol vapor, concentrate thin stillage into mid stillage while producing first effect steam. The first effect steam from the first effect evaporators provides heat to a set of second effect evaporators which concentrate the mid stillage into a syrup for further drying. The second effect evaporators produce second effect steam which is used to heat the distillation portion of the process arrangement. The multiple evaporators of the first and second effects of the evaporation portion can be selectively taken off-line for maintenance while the evaporation portion and the remainder of the process arrangement continue to operate at full capacity.