Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for regulating the average mobile phase density or pressure in a carbon dioxide based separation system. The apparatus includes a controller, a set of pressure or density sensors and a set of instructions capable of determining the pressure drop across a column and adjusting at least one system component or parameter to achieve a pre-determined average mobile phase density or pressure in the system.

Abstract: A liquid chromatography system and method utilizes a mobile phase comprising liquified compressible gas and miscible organic solvents. The compressible fluid may be carbon dioxide (CO2). Liquid CO2 tapped from an existing source is depressurized through a flow control metering station before adding solvent. The mobile phase flows through a sample vessel containing analytes and chromatography column for sample separation. A back pressure regulator maintains a set elution pressure in the chromatography column. CO2 advantageously remains in liquid phase for elution in the column, thereby avoiding two-phase conditions adversely affecting analyte resolution. An equilibration bypass flow loop may be provided to separate normal sample elution from initial CO2 flow equilibration, thereby allowing rapid exchange of samples with minimal downtime.

Abstract: A wastewater collection tank feeds an vaporizing unit through an inlet near the unit's top. A burner produces hot air, which a blower blows through a blower tube that passes through the upper portion of the unit to the bottom portion of the unit. A substrate through which air can pass extends across the unit between the bottom of the blower tube and the wastewater inlet, and pall rings rest on the substrate. The hot air moving upward through the unit heats the pall rings and the falling wastewater, a substantial portion of which is vaporized at approximately atmospheric pressure. The vapor is vented from the top of the unit. Un-vaporized wastewater collects at the bottom of the unit and is recycled through the system with raw wastewater in the collection tank.

Abstract: A distillation apparatus includes at least one evaporation space in which feed water is evaporated into a vapour and at least one condensation space, in which vapour from a preceding evaporation space is condensed into distillate. The evaporation space and the condensation space each include a chamber and a plurality of interdigitated pockets arranged between said chambers, such that a first pocket of the evaporation space is present between a first and a second pocket of the condensation space, and that the first pocket of the condensation space is present between the first and a second pocket of the evaporation space. The spaces are mutually separated by means of a separation barrier that is configured for transmission of heat and for definition of the interdigitated pockets.

Abstract: The xylylene diisocyanate composition according to the embodiments has a chlorine content of 100 to 1,000 ppm to improve the stability, so that the degradation of the reactivity can be prevented even when it is stored for a long period of time. Therefore, even if the xylylene diisocyanate composition according to the embodiments is used after it has been stored for a long period of time for sale or the like, the xylylene diisocyanate composition can be polymerized with a thiol to produce a polythiourethane-based optical material having excellent properties such as refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, glass transition temperature, yellowness index, and the like. Therefore, it can be advantageously used in the field of eyeglass lenses, camera lenses, and the like.

Abstract: A method for obtaining an ethylene product in a supercritical state is proposed, in which method a gas mixture containing predominantly or exclusively ethylene and ethane is separated in a distillation column (1), which is operated at a distillation pressure level of from 5 to 15 bar, into an overhead product containing predominantly or exclusively ethylene and a bottom product containing predominantly or exclusively ethane, the overhead product being withdrawn in the gaseous state from the head of the distillation column (1) and a first portion thereof being liquefied and returned as reflux to the distillation column (1) and a second portion thereof being converted into a supercritical state and being used as the ethylene product.

Abstract: A film forming method includes: forming a thin unit film on a target substrate by supplying processing gases sequentially and intermittently into a processing space, where the target substrate is placed, in a processing chamber of a film forming apparatus while purging the processing gases with a purge gas constantly supplied into the processing space; and repeating the forming of the thin unit film to form a film having a predetermined thickness on the target substrate. A flow rate of the purge gas supplied into the processing space is set such that the film is formed in a film forming mode in which the thin unit film is formed, irrespective of a pressure in the processing chamber.

Abstract: A process for the direct synthesis of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide with increased corrosion resistance, comprising, in the high-pressure synthesis section, a reaction step in a vertical reactor fed with at least one stream of fresh carbon dioxide containing a passivating agent and a decomposition-stripping step of the non-converted reagents, wherein the gas-liquid mixture collected at the head of the reactor is separated into a gaseous stream and a liquid stream fed to the tail and head of the stripper, respectively.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and systems for separating a fluid mixture are provided which employ gas-handling equipment operable to introduce a gas into the liquid mixture prior to being dispersed within the apparatus, vacuum conditions, and internal condensing. The liquid mixture is dispersed within the separation apparatus as micro-sized droplets. A more volatile portion of the liquid mixture is vaporized when exposed to the vacuum conditions and separates from the non-vaporized liquid portion. The vaporized portion is directed to a condensing structure within the apparatus, which condenses the vaporized portion into a liquid product.

Abstract: A structured packing formed of a plurality of corrugated, rectangular sheets and a method relating to the use thereof. End regions of the corrugations are provided with straight, parallel corrugations extending inwardly from opposed edges of the sheets and a right angles thereto to reduce pressure drop at the interfaces between packing layers and thereby increase hydraulic capacity. Contact is promoted between descending liquid and ascending vapor phases within a main region of the corrugations that have straight, parallel sections of the corrugations oriented at an acute angle to the opposed edges. Transition regions having arcuate sections of the corrugations connect corrugations within the main and end regions to reduce internal pressure drop within the structured packing and thereby further reduce pressure drop at the interfaces and further increase the hydraulic capacity.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the separation of the components having different boiling points of a liquid mixture, characterized in that forming bubbles by a carrier gas in the liquid mixture where the one or more volatile component is getting enriched in the bubbles, then after said bubbles leave the liquid phase the released vapor content of them is collected and condensed and the obtained liquid being enriched in the more volatile component(s) is separated from the carrier gas.

Abstract: A separations tray assembly for use in a fluid-fluid exchange column. The separations tray assembly is of the type where a first fluid, in a continuous phase, is directed across successive trays in a serpentine flow path. A second fluid, in a dispersed phase ascends through apertures in the tray thus inducing interaction and mass transfer with the first fluid. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the separations tray further includes a diffuser skirt, having apertures disposed therein, operatively coupled to a fluid channel. The diffuser skirt is operable to direct the first fluid to cover substantially an entire volumetric cross-flow window between successive separations trays and to induce stirring and mixing of the first fluid and the second fluid to effect efficient mass transfer.

Abstract: A system and method for preparation of meat flavorants, and flavorants, having increased flavor and aromatic intensity and which more closely resemble the natural flavor and aroma of cooked meat. Preheated edible, food grade oils and fats are exposed to temperatures between 290° C. and 475° C. under vacuum, in the presence of oxygen. The developing flavor vapors are immediately and completely removed from the heated oils and fats. The mixture of air-purge/flavor-vapor is immediately carried away from the heat transfer surface of the edible oil or fat. An evaporator, preferably a spinning disc, spinning band or thin film evaporator, without a condenser is used as process equipment. The air-purged flavor-vapors are diffused and absorbed in an absorption device into suitable food-grade liquids.

Abstract: A system and method for separating a fluid mixture is provided which employ vacuum distillation apparatus, and optionally, gas-handling apparatus operable to introduce a gas into the liquid mixture prior to being dispersed within the vacuum distillation apparatus. The liquid mixture is dispersed within the vacuum distillation apparatus as micro-sized droplets. When used, the gas that has been introduced into the liquid mixture is rapidly liberated from the micro-sized droplets thereby causing the droplets to break into still smaller droplets thereby maximizing the vaporization of the more volatile components in the liquid mixture.

Abstract: Mass transfer packing with a minimal surface or a triply periodic minimal surface which enables significantly improved performance for separation and mixing applications particularly with respect to distillation, liquid-liquid contacting, and heat exchange applications.

Abstract: A method for fractionating a fuel includes heating the fuel and flowing it through hollow superhydrophobic membranes in a membrane module. Vapor from the fuel permeates the hydrophobic membranes and enters a distillate collection chamber, producing distilled fuel and residual fuel. The residual fuel is removed from the module and cooled. The cooled residual fuel is flowed through hollow tubes in the module and the distilled fuel is removed from the distillate collection chamber. Burning the distilled fuel reduces engine emissions. A fuel fractionation system includes a distillate collection chamber, hollow superhydrophobic membranes, hollow tubes and a distillate outlet. The hollow superhydrophobic membranes receive heated fuel and allow vapor from the heated fuel to permeate the membranes and enter the distillate collection chamber. The hollow tubes receive cooled residual fuel and are positioned to allow vapor in the distillate collection chamber to condense on outer surfaces of the hollow tubes.

Abstract: A fermentation liquid feed including water and a product alcohol and optionally CO2 is at least partially vaporized such that a vapor stream is produced. The vapor stream is contacted with an absorption liquid under suitable conditions wherein an amount of the product alcohol is absorbed. The portion of the vapor stream that is absorbed can include an amount of each of the water, the product alcohol and optionally the CO2. The temperature at the onset of the absorption of the vapor stream into the absorption liquid can be greater than the temperature at the onset of condensation of the vapor stream in the absence of the absorption liquid. The product alcohol can be separated from the absorption liquid whereby the absorption liquid is regenerated. The absorption liquid can include a water soluble organic molecule such as an amine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water and solvent-free polymers, in particular water and solvent-free synthetic rubber products like styrene butadiene rubber products and butadiene rubber products as well as a process for the production thereof. The invention further relates to a device suitable to accomplish said process.

Abstract: A process for purifying a brine of organic compounds comprising: (a) supplying a brine that comprises at least one organic compound; (b) feeding at least one stripping zone with the brine from (a) and at least one stripping agent; (c) withdrawing from the stripping zone at least one fraction (I) consisting essentially of brine, the content of the organic compound being lower in fraction (I) than in the brine from step (a), and at least one fraction (II) consisting essentially of the stripping agent; wherein the temperature (T1) of the hotter fraction of the two fractions (I) and (II) and the temperature (T2) of the colder fraction of the two fractions (I) and (II), such temperatures expressed in degrees Celsius being the temperatures measured before any possible thermal conditioning which might be carried out before and/or during their withdrawal from the stripping zone, correspond to the following formula: 6×10?7(T1)3.

Abstract: A fluid evaporation system includes a housing bounding a fluid reservoir and an air flow path that is disposed over top of the fluid reservoir. The housing has an inlet opening and a spaced apart outlet opening that both provide communication between the outside environment and the air flow path. A fan is positioned to draw the air out of the air flow path through the outlet opening. A baffle projects into the air flow path at a location between inlet opening and the outlet opening so as to constrict the area of the air flow path thereat. A plurality of spray nozzles are positioned within air flow path between the baffle and the first end of the housing. A pump is configured to draw fluid from the reservoir and deliver it to the plurality of spray nozzles.

Abstract: Improved methods for carrier-gas humidification/dehumidification [HDH] or dewvaporization enable production of clean water, derived in part from models generated and tested with produced water from the oil and gas industries, which likewise address industrial waste water remediation and generally facilitate the time and cost efficient disposal of waste waters from a plurality of industries ranging from food, wine, and beverage production to novel enhanced efficiencies within the oil and gas industries themselves. High efficiency carrier gas HDH thermal distillation functions without membranes, at ambient or near ambient pressures with no required pre- or post-treatment, and economies of scale to leverage a plastics-based processing platform. Industrial waste water including that generated by the food, wine, and beverage industries, among others, is likewise ameliorated according to the instant teachings.

Abstract: A fluid evaporation system includes a housing bounding a fluid reservoir and an air flow path that is disposed over top of the fluid reservoir. The housing has an inlet opening and a spaced apart outlet opening that both provide communication between the outside environment and the air flow path. A fan is positioned to draw the air out of the air flow path through the outlet opening. A baffle projects into the air flow path at a location between inlet opening and the outlet opening so as to constrict the area of the air flow path thereat. A plurality of spray nozzles are positioned within air flow path between the baffle and the first end of the housing. A pump is configured to draw fluid from the reservoir and deliver it to the plurality of spray nozzles.

Abstract: A total evaporator for fluids, including a cold chamber to prevent pre-evaporation, an evaporation region connected thereto having narrow flow cross-section for fast evaporation of the fluid, and a subsequent vapor chamber for pulsation damping and the controlled superheating of the vapor, the evaporation region being formed by a gap between concentrically nested cylindrical and/or conical tube sections and heat required for the evaporation and superheating processes is supplied by electric heating and/or by hot fluid and/or by catalytic or homogeneous combustion via the wall of the concentric tubes.

Abstract: A process is proposed for distillatively obtaining pure 1,3-butadiene from crude 1,3-butadiene in a plant comprising one or more distillation columns, comprising supply of a feed stream of crude 1,3-butadiene to the one distillation column or the first of the plurality of distillation columns, the one distillation column or the plurality of distillation columns having a flange with an internal diameter of ?80 mm, comprising two mutually opposite plane-parallel surfaces (1) with an intermediate seal (2) which seals the interior of the one distillation column or of the first of the plurality of distillation columns from an intermediate space (3) on the atmosphere side between the two mutually opposite plane-parallel surfaces (1), and the intermediate space (3) on the atmosphere side between the two mutually opposite plane-parallel surfaces (1) being closed off from the atmosphere to form a chamber, wherein the chamber is purged continuously during the operation of the plant with a low-oxygen gas or a low-oxygen

Abstract: There is disclosed a desalinization apparatus, and methods related to desalinization. In an embodiment, a desalinization apparatus includes at least one port for receiving airflow therethrough, at least one port for receiving salt water therethrough, at least one output for providing outflow of pure water vapor, and at least one output for proving outflow of a mixture of water, salt and air; and a plurality of chambers for evaporating the salt water into the airflow, at least one of the chambers forming a plurality of ports arranged in a plurality of rows. In an embodiment, a method includes providing airflow to a desalinization apparatus; providing salt water to the desalinization apparatus; forming a vortex in the airflow to evaporate water vapor from the salt water; and providing the water vapor in the airflow to a condenser so as to obtain pure water.

Abstract: A vacuum dehydrator for processing an oil containing entrained contaminants such as water, air, and particulates comprises a tower enclosing upper and lower chambers. A random packing is contained in the upper chamber. The oil is preheated to a temperature above the boiling point of water and is introduced into the upper chamber for downward flow through the random packing into the lower chamber. Entrained air and water is retained as water vapor in the upper chamber, and particulates are retained in the random packing. Heated ambient air is introduced into the lower chamber for upward flow through the random packing into the upper chamber, and the upper chamber is cooled to condense the water vapor. Oil and condensed water are pumped respectively from the lower and upper chambers.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process and apparatus for utilization of waste heat of flue gas liberated from different heat sources to provide high quality water from sea/brackish.

Abstract: A system for desorption of CO2 from an absorption fluid includes a cylinder with an open inner core, a reboiler including a stripper unit arranged between the inner core and the circumference of the cylinder, where the reboiler including the stripper unit is rotatable arranged around an axis through the core, where the system further includes a condenser rotatable arranged in proximity of the cylinder and rotatable around the same axis, where all the parts of the system are symmetrically arranged around the rotational axis through the core, and where all the fluid paths through the rotational parts of the system are arranged to provide symmetry and weight balance when the system is operational. A method for desorbing CO2 is also provided.

Abstract: A liquid collection and distribution device is provided to support a bed of packing material and to collect liquid exiting the bed and redistribute it to an underlying bed of packing material with improved compositional and volumetric flow uniformity. The liquid collection and distribution device includes a liquid collector, a liquid distributor, and a lattice-type framework positioned between and supporting the liquid collector and the liquid distributor. In addition to supporting the liquid collector and liquid distributor, the framework has internal fluid passages that convey the liquid from the liquid collector to the liquid distributor while shielding the liquid from ascend vapor or gas flow.

Abstract: A system and method for preparation of meat flavorants, and flavorants, having increased flavor and aromatic intensity and which more closely resemble the natural flavor and aroma of cooked meat. Preheated edible, food grade oils and fats are exposed to temperatures between 290° C. and 475° C. under vacuum, in the presence of oxygen. The developing flavor vapors are immediately and completely removed from the heated oils and fats. The mixture of air-purge/flavor-vapor is immediately carried away from the heat transfer surface of the edible oil or fat. An evaporator, preferably a spinning disc, spinning band or thin film evaporator, without a condenser is used as process equipment. The air-purged flavor-vapors are diffused and absorbed in an absorption device into suitable food-grade liquids.

Abstract: The gas-liquid contact column comprises at least an upper tray 10 and a lower tray 10, as well as a downcomer 2 for sending the liquid from the upper tray to the lower tray. The trays comprise gas ports. A packing 11 is arranged between the upper tray and the lower tray. The upper tray comprises means 12 for withdrawing liquid from the upper tray, the liquid withdrawn being distributed over the packing. The gas-liquid contact column is particularly well suited for absorption of the CO2 and of the H2S contained in a natural gas or in a syngas, and for capture of the CO2 contained in combustion fumes.

Abstract: A fermentation liquid feed including water and a product alcohol and optionally CO2 is at least partially vaporized such that a vapor stream is produced. The vapor stream is contacted with an absorption liquid under suitable conditions wherein an amount of the product alcohol is absorbed. The portion of the vapor stream that is absorbed can include an amount of each of the water, the product alcohol and optionally the CO2. The temperature at the onset of the absorption of the vapor stream into the absorption liquid can be greater than the temperature at the onset of condensation of the vapor stream in the absence of the absorption liquid. The product alcohol can be separated from the absorption liquid whereby the absorption liquid is regenerated. The absorption liquid can include a water soluble organic molecule such as an amine.

Abstract: A vaporization apparatus and related vaporization method is provided that relies on thermocapillary convection. The apparatus of a thermocapillary evaporator has three sections: an evaporation section, a displacement section, and a storage system for storing the liquid to be evaporated. The evaporation section is operable to distribute thermal energy substantially along the entire liquid-gas interface. The method of the present invention includes providing a thermocapillary evaporator. Advantageously, the present invention provides substantial evaporation from relatively low temperature heat sources, compared to conventional evaporators.

Abstract: A system and method for removing water from a liquid desiccant such as a glycol used to dry cooled air in order to restore the desiccant to a purity up to around 97% in a closed continuous flow process. Liquid desiccant can be sprayed into cooled air in a conditioner where it gains moisture. The wet or gained desiccant can be optionally preheated in an economizing heat exchanger and then routed into a concentrator. Desiccant pure to around 97% can be removed from the concentrator, passed through an economizing heat exchanger to provide the preheating and returned to the conditioner holding area. The concentrator can be heated by steam or other means such as natural gas to boil the wet desiccant causing mixed vapor to enter a vertical distillation column where most of the glycol condenses out on the column packing or plates and returns to the concentrator.

Abstract: Stripping column and process for extracting a component from a liquid medium using a gas, the stripping column comprising a vertical column (10) comprising an essentially cylindrical wall (54), the vertical column (10) being divided by horizontal perforated plates (20) into a series of superposed chambers (11, 12, . . . , 16, 17), each chamber (11, 12, . . . , 16, 17) comprising several vertical partitions (34, 34I, 34II, 34III, 34IV, 34V) positioned so as to form chicanes. According to one important aspect of the invention, the vertical partitions (34, 34I, 34II, 34III, 34IV, 34V) are attached to the wall (54) of the vertical column (10) and are designed so as to hold the perforated plates (20).

Abstract: A system and method for preparation of meat flavorants, and flavorants, having increased flavor and aromatic intensity and which more closely resemble the natural flavor and aroma of cooked meat. Preheated edible, food grade oils and fats are exposed to temperatures between 290° C. and 475° C. under vacuum, in the presence of oxygen. The developing flavor vapors are immediately and completely removed from the heated oils and fats. The mixture of air-purge/flavor-vapor is immediately carried away from the heat transfer surface of the edible oil or fat. An evaporator, preferably a spinning disc, spinning band or thin film evaporator, without a condenser is used as process equipment. The air-purged flavor-vapors are diffused and absorbed in an absorption device into suitable food-grade liquids.

Abstract: Process for recovering cyclododecatriene (CDT) from a solution containing CDT and high boilers such as deactivated catalyst and polymers, which includes feeding the solution into a preheater and heating it, subsequently depressurizing it through a downstream pressure maintenance device and feeding the resulting two-phase mixture into a helical tube evaporator and there reducing the CDT content of the liquid phase by partial evaporation and discharging a gaseous product stream having an increased concentration of CDT.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing charcoal. It is characterized in that: first hot gases are generated by at least one heating means; its first gases are mixed with second gases in order to form a gas mixture; this mixture is sent into a charge of wood in order to generate therein a pyrolysis front; an overpressure is created between the upstream end and the downstream end of the charge so as to force this front to pass through it in one direction, namely from the upstream end to the downstream end; and third gases are recovered downstream of the charge, at least a first portion of said third gases, in the form of a stream of said second gases, is conveyed by a conveying means. The invention also relates to a device for implementing this method.

Abstract: The present invention is for the production of fuel grade alcohol, specifically ethanol. A steam dryer is used to dry the solid byproduct into usable animal feed. The steam dryer typically contains less than 6% air in its exhaust stream is directed to the bottoms of one or more distillation columns to heat the distillation column and scrub the exhaust stream simultaneously. The elimination of a thermal oxidizer and the efficient use of the energy in the exhaust stream provide considerable cost savings for an alcohol production plant.

Abstract: A method of recovering a liquid medium from a mixture containing the liquid medium, the method including: (a) blowing a first gas into the mixture containing the liquid medium to vaporize the liquid medium, in a first vaporizing means, thereby to form a second gas containing which is a mixture of the first gas and vaporized liquid medium; (b) continuously dropwise feeding the mixture containing the liquid medium into a second vaporizing means and counter-flowingly contacting the mixture containing the liquid medium, with the second gas to vaporize additional liquid medium to form a third gas which is a mixture of the second gas and additional vaporized liquid medium; and (c) feeding the third gas into a condensing means to condense the vaporized liquid medium into a liquid and separate the first gas, which is then blown into the first vaporizing means in step (a).

Abstract: A distillation apparatus of the present invention includes a distillation column group in which a plurality of distillation columns including a condenser and a reboiler is connected in the form of a cascade; a gas-feeding line which feeds gas from the distillation column to a latter distillation column; a gas line which introduces the gas from the distillation column to the condenser attached to the distillation column; a liquid-line which withdraws a condensed liquid from the condenser; a liquid-reflux line which introduces a part of the condensed liquid from the liquid-line to the distillation column; a liquid-return line which returns the remainder of the condensed liquid from the liquid-line to a former distillation column; a valve provided on the liquid-return line; and a bypass line which connects the liquid-return line and the gas line so as to flow an evaporated gas generated in the liquid-return line to the gas line.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for removing an alcohol from a liquid mixture having high viscosity by the gravity or the centrifugal force and a gas, and the apparatus thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus and methods for extracting active ingredients from a raw material. The apparatus comprises an atomized water particle production device; an extracting device for bringing a raw material into contact with the atomized water particles so that the atomized water particles trap active ingredients in the raw material; a condensing device for liquefying the atomized water particles that hold the active ingredients; and means for promoting extraction of the raw material. The means for promoting extraction may comprise decompression means for subjecting the raw material within the extracting device to decompression and activation means for activating the raw material.

Abstract: Systems and methods for desalting seawater by distillation are disclosed. Warm air is fed into the bottom of a natural draft tower. The warm air passes through seawater in an exchange means to increase the water content of the air. The moisture-laden air then rises and is drawn through a condensing means. The condensing means is cooled by cold water drawn from deep ocean depths. Desalted seawater is collected from the condensing means.

Abstract: An autonomous water source for extracting water from ambient air and delivering it to a plant to support growth. The system is based on an adsorption-desorption-condensation cycle using a sorption material to extract moisture from ambient air and condensing the water vapor driven off from the sorption material by subsequent heating and followed by condensation. Liquid condensate produced in this process on the condenser is collected and delivered by gravity to a plant to reduce thermal stress and to support growth. The invention provides a sustainable source of irrigation water for agriculture and forestry, including areas where no water resources exist or are not economically viable. It can be tailored in size, and therefore, output capacity, reflecting the desired water requirements of a particular application, and can be used to replace most agricultural situations now reliant on surface water drip feed systems.

Abstract: Provided is a microchip capable of integrating liquid evaporation as an operation on the microchip. In the microchip 10 having a gas flow path 13 inside, liquid is dispersed by capillary action and pooled in a pool portion 12 at a bottom of the gas flow path 13, and at least a part of the liquid pooled in the pool portion 12 is evaporated. As the capillary action is used, the liquid can be dispersed and pooled in the pool portion 12 at the bottom of the gas flow path 13 inside the microchip 10. Besides, the liquid pooled in the pool portion 12 remains in the pool portion by a surface tension even if gas is made to flow in the gas flow path 13 or the gas flow path is evacuated for evaporation. This enables highly efficient evaporation inside the microchip 10.

Abstract: Ventilation Air Methane (VAM) exhaust gases from coal pre-mine gob wells, land fills and oil refinery (Installations) vent stacks are used, after adequate compression, for energizing a high-speed gas turbine. The convoluting gas discharge causes a first separation stage by stratifying of heavier non-combustible and lighter combustible gas components that exit from the turbine in opposite directions, the heavier components having a second stratifying separation in a vortex tube to separate non-combustible, heaviest pollutants from non-combustible medium-heavy components. The noncombustible, medium components exit a vortex tube open end to atmosphere. The lighter combustible, pollutants (high purity Methane) effected in the first separation are piped to the Installation's engine air intake for re-combustion, thereby reducing the Installation's Methane pollution and improving its fuel economy. The non-combustible, heaviest pollutants from the second separation stage are piped to air filter assemblies.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving dense gas solvent extraction of a solute and recovery of the solvent are provided. A pressure of the solvent/solute mixture obtained from an extraction chamber is increased, e.g. with a pump, thereby providing the mixture above saturation conditions. The increased pressure provides greater solubility of the solute and less solvent being vaporized in a heat exchanger. A buildup of solute in the system is reduced, thus improving system longevity. Also, process conditions of the separation process are isolated from those of the extraction process. Accordingly, the process conditions for the separating process are maintained while the process conditions of the extraction chamber vary with ambient temperature, thus saving cost and energy. This isolation also provides an ability to use, in the gas recovery cycle, a heat pump that can be used for many applications and environmental conditions while still using a conventional refrigerant.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the separation of a feed by distillation into a low-boiler (A), a medium-boiler (B) and a high-boiler fraction (C). Separation takes place in one or more dividing-wall columns, in which a dividing wall is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the column to thereby form an upper, common column region, a lower, common column region, a feed part with rectifying section and stripping section, and a withdrawal region with rectifying section and stripping section. The feed of the C5+ cut is in the central region of the feed part. The high-boiler fraction (C) is discharged from the bottom of the column, the low-boiler fraction (A) is discharged via the top of the column, and the medium-boiler fraction (B) is discharged from the central region of the withdrawal part. A first heat source is provided for heating the lower column region.

Abstract: A continuous supply of fresh water achieved through desalinization by a system of Venturi shafts to increase the velocity and pressure of air flow allowing for increased condensation and processing of evaporated water through a structure (1) that incorporates a blackened evaporation surface (16), concave Venturi wind walls (50), a vertical Venturi wind shaft (10), condensation chambers (5) connected by horizontally stacked hollow cylinders (61), a heat transfer duct (40) that draws cool air from a water body, vents hot air through an air exhaust port (48), and a water drainage port (35) that flows water to a reservoir (36).