Abstract: Processes for the continuous fractional distillation of a mixture comprising morpholine (MO), monoaminodiglycol (ADG), ammonia and water from a reaction of diethylene glycol (DEG) with ammonia, the processes comprising: (i) separating off ammonia from the mixture at a top of a first distillation column K10; (ii) feeding a bottom fraction from K10 to a second distillation column K20 in which water and organic products are separated off at the top at a temperature at the top in the range from 45 to 198° C. and a pressure in the range from 0.1 to 15 bar; (iii) feeding a bottom fraction from K20 to a third distillation column K30 in which MO and organic products having a boiling point of <140° C. (1.013 bar) are separated off at the top or at a side offtake and ADG and organic products having a boiling point of >190° C. (1.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the purification of ethanol. In one embodiment the process includes boiling a degassed beer feed (106) in a pre-boiler (110) to provide a vapor by-pass fraction (112) that by-passes the conventional beer column and is fed into the rectifier column (124). The process allows free capacity in the rectifier column of new or established plants to be filled by ethanol-water vapor and/or condensate streams that do not originate from the beer column.

Abstract: Controlled RVP C5+ products are produced from feed gas in configurations and methods in which a heavier portion of the feed gas is fractionated into several streams having distinct RVP and in which a C5+ stream is produced from the lighter portion of the feed gas. The so formed streams are then combined to produce C5+ products with controlled RVP. Thus, RVP control is achieved without the need for external products for blending process streams derived from the feed gas.

Abstract: A method of extraction of fuels, organic pollutants, and elements from Methane hydrate deposits, shale seams and the soil is described which freezes the zone and heats the center carrying the fuel, chemicals and water in these deposits and seams from where they are found, be it deep in the sea or on land, and carries them into the condensing unit in inert Nitrogen gas. Required drilling on the surface or sea bottom includes a main shaft and with auxiliary narrow drillings widely spaced from the shaft. The extraction zone, which is first cooled to brittle cold using the evaporation of Liquid Nitrogen and fractured with vibrations, is heated to the highest temperature of the hydrocarbon fraction desired to be extracted. The evaporating hydrocarbons are extracted in a Nitrogen gas carrier, a recognized fire suppressant (NFPA Code 2000).

Abstract: A polyolefin production system, comprising a polymerization reactor (such as a polyethylene loop slurry reactor) and a fractionation system that receives reactor effluent processed in a diluent/monomer recovery system for recycle to the reactor and to suppliers. A conduit diverts a portion of a reflux flow comprising monomer, such as ethylene, from within the fractionation system to the polymerization reactor, providing for less venting of monomer, such as ethylene, to the supplier. Accordingly, monomer yield is advantageously increased, as the monomer returned to the reactor displaces monomer feedstock to the reactor. The reflux flow may originate from a condensed overhead lights from a diluent recycle column disposed in the fractionation subsystem. The diluent recycle column may receive a stream comprising diluent and monomer as feed from the diluent/monomer recovery subsystem, and may receive the non-diverted portion of the reflux flow as reflux.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus is provided for the separation of liquid-liquid and liquid-solids compositions by flash evaporation in a heated vacuum chamber. The compositions are injected through an atomizing spray nozzle having a spray cone downward of about 30 to 150 degrees. The compositions are preheated and injected under pressure into the preheated vacuum evaporation chamber. The vaporized liquid that is formed is collected in a condenser which draws the vapors by vacuum or pressure differential. Any solids are collected at the bottom of the vacuum chamber as semi-dry or dry solids.

Abstract: A distillation system for distilling contaminated water includes an evaporation chamber for receiving the contaminated water. The evaporation chamber includes (i) a vessel for absorbing the contaminated water; (ii) a plurality of heat conductive pipes extending through the vessel for delivering the contaminated water to the vessel; and (iii) a heat source for heating the plurality of heat conductive pipes for evaporating the contaminated water absorbed by the vessel and causing the at least one contaminant to be retained by the vessel. A condensation chamber is connected to the evaporation chamber for receiving the evaporated water for condensing and producing purified water in liquid form. A storage device is connected to the condensation chamber for storing the purified liquid water.

Abstract: Device for distillation, for example extraction of fresh water from sea water, including a number of chambers (3) at least in one row, an inlet (10) for distillation fluid, an outlet (11) for the distillation residue, an outlet (5) for the distillate, and a gas compressor (13). Further, the device includes two pipe systems (1,2), where the first pipe system (1) has an inlet (10) for the distillation fluid and an outlet (11) for the distillation residue, together with an outlet (12) for damp. The second pipe system (2) has a number of chambers (3) in a row, each row (3) having an upper inlet (4) for damp and a lower outlet (5) for distillate. The inlets (4) are connected in parallel, and the outlets (5) are connected in parallel.

Abstract: A splitter system is disclosed that produces a product stream from a mixed stream of two materials with similar boiling points. A multi-stage heat pump compressor is used in combination with a bottoms reboiler and an intermediate reboiler resulting in reduced utility consumption. The appropriately placed intermediate reboiler enables use of a lower temperature heat source relative to the bottoms reboiler heat source. As a result, a lower pressure overhead vapor stream can be used to deliver heat to both the intermediate and bottoms reboilers, thereby conserving energy. The first stage of the multi-stage heat pump compressor delivers pressurized overhead vapor to the intermediate reboiler and the second stage provides pressurized overhead vapor to the bottoms reboiler. The disclosed design and method lessens the heat pump compressor power consumption and trim condenser duty for a propylene/propane splitter system by over 20%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and a process for obtaining phenanthrene of about 95% purity from coal tar distilled fraction containing crude phenanthrene by performing fractional distillation at a reduced pressure of 50 mm mercury and at a temperature range of 160-180° C. to obtain first distilled fraction containing acenaphthene and fluorene; a second distillate fraction at a temperature range of 200-230° C. containing phenanthrene, anthracene and traces of carbazole; followed by re-distilling the second distillate fraction at a temperature range of 210-224° C. to finally obtain pure phenanthrene and a residue which is again used for the recovery of residual phenanthrene by re-distillation at a temperature range of 210-224° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a system for stripping volatile compounds such as ammonia from liquids. Part of the ammonia is stripped from the liquid in a system having a shunt through which liquid such as e.g. fermented biomass can be diverted in the form of a side stream in liquid contact with a main fermentor(s). The stripper system is connected to an evaporator. In the evaporator aqueous liquid is heated at a pressure below atmospheric pressure whereby vapor is developed at a temperature below 100° C. The vapor from the evaporator is directed to the liquid medium containing ammonia and this results in ammonia being stripped from the liquid and transferred to the vapor phase. The vapor phase is condensed in a first condenser at a low pressure, and the liquid thus obtained is further treated in a stripper unit at a higher pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating NH3 from a mixture containing NH3, CO2 and H2O which comprises an NH3 rectification step carried out in a NH3 separation device to which one or more streams containing NH3, CO2 and H2O including the mixture, are supplied, with a stream consisting substantially of gaseous NH3 being formed in the NH3 separation device, separated from the mixture and discharged. In the process according to the invention a condensation step is carried out on at least one of the stream consisting substantially of gaseous NH3 or the one or more streams containing NH3, CO2 and H2O supplied to the NH3 separation device, in which at least a part of the existing CO2 is converted to a liquid phase.

Abstract: A thermal separating process for removing a stream containing enriched (meth)acrylic monomers from a mixture containing (meth)acrylic monomers, in which the liquid phases retained in the separating space at high temperature and high (meth)acrylic monomer content are minimized.

Abstract: A process for rectificatively separating fluids including (meth)acrylic monomers in a rectification column by directly cooling the vapor including (meth)acrylic monomers rising to the top of the rectification column to form top condensate including (meth)acrylic monomers, the condensation space at the top of the column being separated from the region of the rectification column containing the separating internals only by at least one chimney tray from which the top condensate formed is removed from the rectification column, which includes effecting the direct cooling of the vapor in the condensation space in at least two spray zones which are spatially successive and are flowed through by vapor by spraying supercooled top condensate including added polymerization inhibitor, and the temperature of the sprayed supercooled top condensate becoming lower from spray zone to spray zone in the flown direction of the vapor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vacuum distillation plant and a process for concentrating organic aqueous solutions, especially spissum extracts, using said plant. The vacuum distillation plant of the invention comprises a flash evaporator, a means for vapor concentration and a multi-stage condenser positioned down-stream of said means for vapor concentration, means for recycling at least part of the condensate from a condensation stage into the bottoms product being provided. In addition, the present invention relates to a process for concentrating organic aqueous solutions such as concentrated extracts using said plant.

Abstract: A vacuum distillation system and method utilizing a low capacity vacuum producing ejector operated in parallel with a primary ejector during the Winter months enables significant reduction in the absolute pressure of a vacuum distillation column. Operation of a vacuum distillation tower at lower absolute pressures results in increased yield of desirable vacuum distillation products.

Abstract: An apparatus and a process for purification of an acrylic acid family.

Abstract: A tert-C4–C8-alkyl (meth)acrylate is prepared by reacting (meth)acrylic acid with an olefin of the formula where R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, are methyl or ethyl and R3 is H, methyl or ethyl, in homogeneous phase in the presence of an acidic catalyst and isolating the tert-C4–C8-alkyl (meth)acrylate from the reaction mixture, by a process in which the catalyst is separated off as residue by a two-stage distillation of the reaction mixture and the tert-C4–C8-alkyl (meth)acrylate is isolated from the distillates. The novel process makes it possible to use acetic acid-containing (meth)acrylic acid. The danger of cleavage of the ester and of polymerization of (meth)acrylic compounds is reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and method for the production of cyanuric chloride. The device has three units for the production, purification and isolation of cyanuric chloride, the second unit having a partial condensation and being set in such a way that the quantity of gaseous pure cyanuric chloride produced is greater than that of the liquid impure cyanuric chloride discharged from it.

Abstract: This invention relates to a continuous process for the preparation of silane by catalytic disproportionation of trichlorosilane in a reactive/distillative reaction zone having a catalyst bed of catalytically active solid.

Abstract: A process for distillative removal of ammonia from solutions (I) which include a lactam and ammonia comprises effecting said removal in a distillation apparatus (a) at an absolute pressure of less than 10 bar.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of extracting haw pits by dry distillation and the device used therein. The process includes the following steps: removing the impurities of haw pits and drying them; immersing haw pits in water and then dripping and charging the dried pit into the furnace for dry distillation; gradually raising the temperature and dry distilling the haw pits at two temperature ranges of 105-195° C. and 305-380° C. respectively and collecting the distillate; mixing together the distillate, allowing them to separate into layers by specific gravity difference and separating out the final brownish red transparent liquor by siphon. The method of the present invention can provide high yield of extraction and the present device is simple in structure. Further, the present invention is easy to be employed on the industrial scale.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning condensate, produced during the production of cellulose pulp, including evaporation of spent liquor, utilizing a cleaning plant having several condensers, coupled in series. Process steam from the last evaporation stage and unclean condensate are introduced into a combined stripper/condenser, the process steam and the condensate being brought to flow in opposite directions so that direct heat exchange occurs, resulting in volatile compounds of the condensate being separated and taken up by the steam with simultaneous indirect cooling, resulting in condensation of the main part of the process steam, and the remaining process steam gradually flowing further on, the process steam being successively cooled first resulting in water and turpentine being condensed and collected and subsequently methanol being condensed.

Abstract: An overhead stream from the quench system in a process for purifying acrylonitrile is condensed and recycled directly to the quench system as part of the quench liquid. The stream can be condensed in a column or in a partial condenser.

Abstract: A continuous process and apparatus is provided for treating an impure liquid to produce purified liquid. The process includes electrically activating a thermoelectric module (24) to provide a first module heated surface (26) and a module cooler surface (28); feeding the impure liquid to the first module heated surface (26) to produce vapor of the liquid; and transferring the vapor to the module cooler surface (28), to effect heat transfer to the module cooler surface (28). The process further includes (a) directing a first portion of the vapor adjacent to or onto the module cooler surface (28) to effect heat transfer to the module cooler surface to produce a first condensed liquid; (b) directing a second portion of the vapor to condenser means (18) having a second cooler surface (46) remote from the module cooler surface (28) to effect heat transfer to the second cooler surface (46) to produce a second condensed liquid; and (c) collecting the first and second condensed liquids.

Abstract: A vacuum distillation system and method utilizing a low capacity vacuum producing ejector operated in parallel with a primary ejector during the Winter months enables significant reduction in the absolute pressure of a vacuum distillation column. Operation of a vacuum distillation tower at lower absolute pressures results in increased yield of desirable vacuum distillation products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating condensates containing compounds, which are more volatile than water, in an evaporation plant, where liquid, such as effluent liquid from a pulp or paper mill is evaporated in multiple effects and where condensates generated in the evaporation are flashed and purified in a steam stripping column. In the method, the condensates from at least two evaporation effects are combined and flashed together, and the vapor obtained from the flashing is made to contact with a condensate stream to be purified in the stripping column, wherefrom the impurities-containing vapor and the purified condensate stream are discharged.

Abstract: A method for processing a vitamin E acetate-containing product stream, which comprises

Abstract: A system for cooling a heated juice by partial low-pressure evaporation, said juice comprising a charged liquid, preferably juice from a harvested crop, said system comprising a vat in which the juice is subjected to various pressure reductions, said vat (4) comprising at least two compartments(5,6) which communicate with each other by means of a pulsed-effect valve, said juice being subjected to two different decreasing pressure reductions in said compartments, each compartment being connected to a condenser (19,25) which can condense the vapor produced by the pressure reduction. The condensers are serially mounted or parallel mounted and connected to a common vacuum pump (34) by means of at least one control valve (18) which can permanently adjust the pressure in each condenser to a value which is lower than the saturating vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature of the vapor created in each of the condensers.

Abstract: A distillation apparatus for distilling a fluid comprising a boiling chamber for creating at least some vapour from the fluid, having at least one outlet (3, 3a) and a heat adding means (14), at least one condensing chamber (2) associated with the boiling chamber, the at least one condensing chamber (2) having at least one heat removal means (9, 9a, 18, 19, CL) wherein the at least one heat removal means (9, 9a, 18, 19, CL) in the at least one condensing chamber (2) is operable in two conditions, a first condition in which the at least one heat removal means (9, 9a, 18, 19, CL) is removing heat from the system and a second condition in which the at least one heat removal means (9, 9a, 18, 19, CL) is not removing heat from the system, at least one inlet (12) and at least one outlet (3, 3a) associated with the at least one condensing chamber, (2) and at least one pump means (FW, RW) for lowering the pressure to create a low-pressure or partial vacuum environment in the system and also to move the fluid around t

Abstract: Contaminated glycol is refined by vacuum distillation. Specifically the evaporator is heated to a temperature below the degradation temperature of the glycol. The vacuum is used to bring the flashpoint down sufficiently so that glycol evaporates or flashes at that temperature. The glycol is condensed and filtered through activated granular carbon. The principal use of refining the glycol is to refine the triethylene glycol used in natural gas dehydration plants. For such purposes the equipment is mounted upon a trailer to be taken to the plant for cleaning glycol. In such instance, in addition to refining the glycol, a cleaning agent (which contains a degreaser) is added to the refined glycol. The glycol is refined while the natural gas dehydration plant is in normal operation and therefore it is not necessary to stop the natural gas dehydration plant for refining the glycol used therein. In addition, by the addition of the cleaning agent, the dehydrating plant equipment may be cleansed of hazardous waste.

Abstract: A mechanical water still (10) includes an impervious dome-like upper surface (12) and a membrane base (14) that is coupled (26) to the impervious dome-like structure (12) to form, when inflated, a chamber (20). The membrane base (14) supports a water pervaporation process therethrough. A water collection well (16) has an opening into which water droplets condensed from the water pervaporation process collect. The water collection well (16) is sited within the membrane base (14) and generally extends outwardly and downwardly from the membrane base (14), as shown in FIG. 1. In use, a contaminated water source (24) is brought into, ideally, complete contact with the membrane base (14), with the water collection well (16) arranged both to act as a heat sink into the water source (24) and to provide stability to the water still (10) when floating and immersed in the water source (24).

Abstract: The present invention provides: a process can be preventive of a polymerization in a distillation apparatus when distilling a solution containing easily polymerizable substances such as (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic acid ester. In the distillation process for an easily polymerizable substance-containing solution which includes the step of distilling an easily polymerizable substance-containing solution by a distillation column equipped with a condenser for condensation at a vapor outlet of the distillation column, at least one condenser for polymerization inhibition is further placed in series on a vapor outlet side of the condenser for condensation, and the easily polymerizable substance which is contained in vapor from an upstream condenser is condensed by a downstream condenser.

Abstract: A process for distillative removal of ammonia from solutions (I) which include a lactam and ammonia comprises effecting said removal in a distillation apparatus (a) at an absolute pressure of less than 10 bar.

Abstract: A tert-C4-C8-alkyl (meth)acrylate is prepared by reacting (meth)acrylic acid with an olefin of the formula 1

Abstract: A process comprising electrically activating a thermoelectric module (24) to provide a first module heated surface (26) and a module cooler surface (28); feeding the impure liquid to the first module heated (26) surface to produce vapour of the liquid; and transferring the vapour to the module cooler surface (28) to effect heath transfer to the module cooler surface (28), the improvement comprising (a) directing a first portion of the vapour adjacent to or onto the module cooler surface (28) to effect heat transfer to the module cooler surface to produce a first condensed liquid (b) directing a second portion of the vapour to condenser means (18) comprising a second cooler surface (46) remote from the module cooler surface (28) to effect heat transfer to the second cooler surface (46) to produce a second condensed liquid; and (c) collecting the first and second condensed liquids; wherein the condensation means is such as to accept the balance of the latent heat contained in the vapour produced by the first mo

Abstract: There is disclosed a solar still having a hollow, porous absorber body (8), body positioning means (9) to expose the absorber body to solar radiation, feed means (13) to introduce feed liquid into the absorber body, condenser means (14) composed of non-porous material that is substantially transparent to solar radiation, the condenser (14) substantially enveloping the absorber body (8), flow control means (19) to regulate the rate of flow of feed liquid into the absorber body (8), and harvesting means (23) for the removal of distillate from the condenser means (14).

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing high purity, food grade CO2 and recovering valuable BTEX fuel from hydrocarbon mixtures such as from a natural gas well. The method involves dehydrating the hydrocarbon mixture and separating the dehydrated mixture into gas and liquid phases, followed by further separation of the liquid phase to produce the BTEX fuel and condensation and distillation of the vapor phase to produce the high purity CO2. The BTEX fuel is recovered at the temperature and pressure that meets specifications for transportation and storage of gasoline, facilitating its sale to market, and the high purity CO2 is produced is produced as liquid CO2 for storage and transportation.

Abstract: A solar still for producing fresh water including a device, adapted to absorb solar radiation and to contain water to be distilled; a condensation surface on which vapor, produced by heating up of water of the device can condense; a fresh water collector that trickles down the condensation surface in which said device includes an impermeable membrane that is flexible, kept stretched, of a dark color, exposed to the sun, and arranged in a shade, a hydrophilic fleece forming a covering for said membrane, supplied with water by capillary action and gravity; a device for recovering formed brine arranged at the bottom of said fleece; wherein said impermeable membrane and its hydrophilic fleece constitute the wall of an evaporation chamber that is elongated, a transparent sheltering element installed underneath; wherein said transparent sheltering element is a closed space and an inner face of a wall thereof constitutes said condensation surface; and a blower which is associated with an apparatus for producing a fl

Abstract: A heat integrated distillation column provides heat at each theoretical stage of distillation in a heating portion and coolant at each theoretical stage of distillation in a cooling portion.

Abstract: A desalination apparatus and method utilizing solar energy provided with a solar heat collector for heating a heating medium with solar energy, a heat exchanger cooperating with an evaporation can so as to subject the heating medium and raw water in the evaporation can to heat exchange and generate water vapor therein, a condenser cooperating with a raw water tank so as to receive the vapor from the evaporation can, cool the vapor by subjecting the vapor and raw water in the raw water tank to heat exchange and obtain distilled water.

Abstract: A horizontal distillation system includes a series of collection tanks interconnected by condensing tubes. Each condensing tube has an ascending portion, a transition portion and a descending portion. Liquid which condenses from a multi-component vapor feed falls into the collection tanks. Each tank may include a heating element to heat or reboil the liquid collected in each tank. The last tank may include a cooling element to condense any remaining vapors.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for condensing moisture from an air stream. The apparatus is a heating, extracting and condensing system and method for efficiently recovering an ingredient from a raw material. The condenser is a housing having one or more fins or the like that are efficiently cooled by one or more thermoelectric coolers. A plurality of condensers can be arranged in series to improve efficiency.

Abstract: A process for regenerating spent acid liquor feeds an acid liquor into a reactor having a first heating zone for evaporating a substantial portion of the liquid from the spent acid to produce acid vapors and metal salts without decomposing the acid. The metal salts are transferred to a second heating zone where the salts are roasted to form metal oxides. The acid vapors from the primary roasting furnace are then transferred to an absorption column to regenerate the acid. The first heating zone is operated at a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the acid and the metal salts. The second heating zone operates at a higher temperature to completely oxidize the metal salts.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the field of oil refining and the petrochemical industry. The proposed plant for the distillation of a liquid has a vacuum rectification column with pipes for feed of a stock product and for bleeding of a gas-vapor phase and at least one liquid fraction; and a vacuum-producing device composed of a liquid-gas jet apparatus, a separator, a pump and a condenser. The gas intake of the liquid-gas jet apparatus is connected to the pipeline for bleeding of a gas-vapor phase, the liquid intake of the jet apparatus is connected to the discharge side of the pump and the outlet of the jet apparatus is connected to the condenser's intake. The intake of the separator is connected to the condenser's outlet, the liquid outlet of the separator is connected to the suction side of the pump and the gas outlet of the separator is connected to consumers of compressed gas.

Abstract: A very pure aqueous solution of free hydroxylamine is prepared by a process in which the dilute, aqueous hydroxylamine solution is concentrated in a column by removing hydroxylamine-containing vapors via a side take-off in the bottom of the column, and very pure hydroxylamine is obtained by condensing the vapors. The novel process can be carried out simply, in a gentle manner and on a large scale and gives electronic grade hydroxylamine.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for regenerating a contaminated solvent wherein said solvent is first separated from higher-boiling contaminants in an evaporator, and then contaminants having a lower boiling point than said solvent are separated out in a condenser in which the temperature of said lower-boiling contaminants coming out of said condenser and the temperature of said solvent coming out of said condenser are separately controlled.

Abstract: A system and process for purifying a 1,3-butadiene feedstock containing 1,3-butadiene and various impurities by first introducing the 1,3-butadiene feedstock stream to a separation column to produce an intermediate product stream containing 1,3-butadiene and residual impurities and then introducing the produced intermediate product stream through a condenser to a suitable dryer for removing residual impurities from the intermediate product stream and thereby forming a purified 1,3-butadiene stream. The separation column separates an overhead stream, containing 1,3-butadiene and impurities such as propadiene, water and oxygen, and a bottoms stream, containing impurities such as polymerization inhibitor, ethyl acetylene, 1,3-butadiene dimer, pentane and 1,2-butadiene, from the intermediate product stream which leaves the separation column in the form of a vapor side draw stream.

Abstract: An evaporation system for separation of a fluid mixture into its component parts, especially for the reclamation of solvents, has a vacuum pump connected to the evaporator, especially a rotation evaporator, with at least one separator being connected to the suction side of the vacuum pump and at least one secondary condenser being connected at the pressure side of the vacuum pump. A fine regulating valve (8) is installed in the connecting pipe (7) between the rotation evaporator (2) and the separator (9), which is connected in front of the vacuum pump (10), for regulation of the boiling pressure.

Abstract: A compact apparatus of the distillation of solvent from a mixture of the solvent with oil seed for the extraction thereof according to the invention, the primary module includes a vapor scrubber forming a vapor contactor, a main evaporator and a first condenser while the secondary module has an after evaporator combined in a unit with the stripping column and the second condenser.