Abstract: A process for producing compressed hydrogen gas, said process comprising electrolysing water to produce hydrogen gas and compressing said hydrogen gas in a multistage compression system to produce compressed hydrogen gas. The multistage compression system comprises at least one centrifugal compression stage, and the hydrogen gas is fed to the centrifugal compression stage at a pre-determined feed temperature and pressure and having a pre-determined relative humidity. The process further comprises adding water and heat to the hydrogen gas upstream of the centrifugal compression stage, as required, to humidify the hydrogen gas to the pre-determined relative humidity.

Abstract: To provide a novel material. In a field-effect transistor including a metal oxide, a channel formation region of the transistor includes a material having at least two different energy band widths. The material includes nano-size particles each with a size of greater than or equal to 0.5 nm and less than or equal to 10 nm. The nano-size particles are dispersed or distributed in a mosaic pattern.

Abstract: A glow discharge cell includes an electrically conductive cylindrical vessel, a hollow electrode, a cylindrical screen, a first insulator, a second insulator and a non-conductive granular material. The hollow electrode is aligned with a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel and extends at least from the first end to the second end of the cylindrical vessel. The hollow electrode has an inlet, an outlet, and a plurality of slots or holes. The cylindrical screen is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel and disposed between the hollow electrode and the cylindrical vessel to form a substantially equidistant gap between the cylindrical screen and the hollow electrode. The first insulator seals the first end of the cylindrical vessel around the hollow electrode. The second insulator seals the second end of the cylindrical vessel around the hollow electrode. The non-conductive granular material is disposed within the substantially equidistant gap.

Abstract: A multiple jewelry cleaner having a heat insulation gasket; a front end of an upper surface of the heat insulation gasket is removably configured with a cup; a top part of the cup is removably mounted with a filter net; a front mounting panel is installed on the upper surface of the heat insulation gasket at one side of the cup; an end of the front mounting panel distant from the cup is fixedly installed with a front shell; a nozzle is fixedly installed on and passes through the front mounting panel and the front shell, with a nozzle head positioned external to the front mounting panel and the front shell; two sides of the front shell are fixedly installed with a right cover and a left cover respectively; bottom ends of both the right cover and the left cover rest on the upper surface of the heat insulation gasket.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a vessel containing an electrically conductive electrolyte. The electrolyte contains hydrogen. A cathode and anode are disposed in the electrolyte and are connected to a source of electrical power. A portion of the vessel interior is in a hot zone, and a portion is in a cool zone. The cathode is disposed in the hot zone and the anode is disposed in the cool zone. The electrolyte is in contact with both the cathode and anode and is continuous between the cathode and anode such that it conducts an electrical current between the cathode and anode. Because the anode is at a temperature lower than the cathode, anodic corrosion is greatly reduced and the apparatus can be operated continuously for long periods.

Abstract: A supplementary intercooler cools engine air after it has passed through the turbocharger of a vehicle's turbocharged internal combustion engine, but before it enters the engine. The unit has an inlet for capturing the turbo's air charge and an outlet for routing the air charge to the engine after passing through the intercooler. A container stores water until it is needed and a water pump transfers water from the container to the unit. This loosened bond of water is then sprayed on capacitor plates under turbo pressure to be converted into hydrogen and injected into the air intake stream making it a totally “hydrogen-on-demand” intercooler.

Abstract: An electrochemical compressor type heat pump system is described. An electrochemical compressor compresses a mixed gas refrigerant whereby heat from the compression can be used to heat an object. The electrochemical compressor is capable of producing high pressure gas from a mixed fluid system including an electrochemically-active component, such as hydrogen, and at least one refrigerant fluid, for example water. Any suitable proton associable compound, such as any suitable ionic or polar solvent compound, may be used in the mixed gas refrigerant. The electrochemical compressor may be configured in a hot water heater along with a secondary type heating source to produce a hybrid hot water heater.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for adjusting pH and replenishing nickel in a nickel plating solution of a nickel plating bath and a method of using the same is disclosed. The electrolytic cell comprises an inlet for receiving nickel plating solution from the nickel plating bath; a cooled cathode connected to a first bus bar connected to a negative terminal of a power supply; a plurality of nickel anodes capable of creating hydrogen gas on the cooled cathode when current is applied, connected to at least a second bus bar, the at least the second bus bar connected to a positive terminal of the power supply; and an outlet for returning nickel plating solution in the electrolytic cell to the nickel plating bath.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for anodizing an internal surface of a tube including an electrolyte container storing an electrolyte solution, a first solution conduit connected with the electrolyte container to receive the electrolyte solution, a first jig configured to fix one end of a targeted tube to a downstream end of the first solution conduit, a second solution conduit in which the other end of the targeted tube is connected to an upstream end to discharge the electrolyte solution flowing into the targeted tube, a second jig configured to fix the other end of the targeted tube to an upstream end of the second solution conduit, and a cathode rod inserted from the second jig and extended to the first jig through the inner portion of the targeted tube, in which, while the electrolyte solution passes through the inner portion of the targeted tube, a cathode is applied to the cathode rod and an anode is applied to the targeted tube to perform an anodizing process.

Abstract: A heat pump hot-water supply device includes: a tank; a refrigerant circuit having a water heat exchanger; water conduits; an electrolysis device having an electrode pair provided in a water channel upstream of the water heat exchanger, in a flow channel of water that includes the water conduits; and a control unit that executes a reversal initial operation of reversing the polarity of the electrode pair in the electrolysis device, and discharging, at a position upstream of the water heat exchanger, water that is treated in the electrolysis device during a period after polarity reversal until a predetermined condition is satisfied.

Abstract: An electrode of an inductive output tube (IOT) is provided with channels for guiding cooling fluid. In one aspect of the invention, the channels are in a confronting relationship with a jacket surrounding the electrode and spaced from the electrode so as to define an interior region. Cooling fluid such as oil is circulated in the channels in fluid communication with the interior region, providing an escape mechanism for trapped bubbles in order to prevent localized heating of the electrode. In another aspect of the invention, the channels form multiple intersecting helical patterns of different pitches, with the steeper-pitched channels providing a more direct escape route for the bubbles.

Abstract: The invention will be applied in industry and households. The method includes performance of an electrolysis process. A first heat-transferring fluid is heated directly in the electrolytic cell (2) by the heated electrolyte (3). A second heat-transferring fluid is heated with the released oxy-hydrogen gas (4) by a gas flame burner (5). Both heat-transferring fluids—through independent from each other circulation circuits (6, 7)—give their heat in an accumulating vessel (8) which contains the liquid (1) to be heated. The method and the device for its realization allow heating the liquid within a short period of time and with low energy consumption. Small-sized devices are designed according to the invention, with high efficiency and safety in use and no harmful environmental emissions are released. The direct use of energy from alternative sources is possible.

Abstract: A filter structure and method of filtration is disclosed for use in an electrolysis fuel cell system that is designed to produce hydrogen and oxygen (HHO) gas on-demand and to supply these gasses into the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines. The filter separates residual fluids and byproducts from HHO gas that is generated by the hydrogen on demand system, and is designed to be utilized with an electrolyte fluid reservoir; a pump and heat exchanger; and a uniquely-configured electrolyzer. The filter structure is multi-stage, and the disclosed method involves porting the HHO gas and byproducts through each filter stage separately to accomplish improved filtration.

Abstract: An electrochemical system and method are disclosed for On Site Generation (OSG) of oxidants, such as free available chlorine, mixed oxidants and persulfate. Operation at high current density, using at least a diamond anode, provides for higher current efficiency, extended lifetime operation, and improved cost efficiency. High current density operation, in either a single pass or recycle mode, provides for rapid generation of oxidants, with high current efficiency, which potentially allows for more compact systems. Beneficially, operation in reverse polarity for a short cleaning cycle manages scaling, provides for improved efficiency and electrode lifetime and allows for use of impure feedstocks without requiring water softeners. Systems have application for generation of chlorine or other oxidants, including mixed oxidants providing high disinfection rate per unit of oxidant, e.g. for water treatment to remove microorganisms or for degradation of organics in industrial waste water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to CIGS solar cell fabrication. The invention discloses a method for fabricating CIGS thin film solar cells using a roll-to-roll apparatus. The invention discloses method to fabricate semiconductor thin film Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 by sequentially electroplating a stack of multiple precursor layers comprising of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium elements or their alloys followed by selenization at a temperature between 450° C. and 700° C.

Abstract: An electrolyzer for high temperature electrolysis capable of operating in an allothermal mode including an enclosure, at least one electrolysis plate (8) including an anode and a cathode in combination and means for heating an active fluid intended to undergo a high temperature electrolysis, characterized in that the enclosure is capable of maintaining an electrolyte bath under high or very high pressure of several tens of bars, in that said heating means ( 10) are positioned in the enclosure and use a heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an electrochemical-catalytic converter, which can remove nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs) and particulate matter (PM) in exhaust gas. The electrochemical-catalytic converter comprises a cell module, wherein nitrogen oxides are decomposed to form nitrogen through electrochemical promotion, and wherein carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matter are catalyzed to form carbon dioxide and water by an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: An electrolyser for high-temperature electrolysis configured to operate in an allothermal mode, including an enclosure configured to maintain an electrolytic bath under high or very high pressure of several tens of bars, in which at least one electrolysis plate is arranged, and a heater internal to the enclosure. The electrolysis plate includes a plurality of electrolysis cells lying side by side in substantially one same plane, each electrolysis cell including an anode and a cathode. The heater uses a heat-carrier fluid.

Abstract: A fluorine gas manufacturing plant wherein F2 is manufactured by the electrolysis of KF/HF compositions. The plant comprises skid modules for: HF storage, the electrolytic cells, storage and purification of the manufactured F2 raw gas, for fluorine gas delivery including a single buffer tank or multiple storage units, scrubbers to provide purified waste gas, for providing cooling water circuits, analysis, electrical rectifiers, an electrical sub-station with transformers and emergency supply, and for utilities including a control room with laboratory and a rest room for the personnel. The advantage of the skids is that they can be separately manufactured in workshops, tested, transported to the facility and assembled there. A great advantage is the safety aspect, a reliable F2 production for 24 hours and 7 days a week of high purity F2.

Abstract: Water is heated to a process temperature of an electrolyzer, e.g., more than 500° C. Then, the water is electrolyzed in the electrolyzer to form product gases hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2). The product gas hydrogen (H2) is compressed by a compressing apparatus and cooled by a cooling medium that feeds the thermal energy to heat the water.

Abstract: A method for producing ozone-water includes steps of providing a cathode and an anode so as to interpose a solid polymer film therebetween, and electrolyzing water. A conductive diamond having one of a porous structure and a mesh structure is used as the anode. Ozone-water of an intermediate to high temperature is produced by electrolyzing water of an intermediate to high temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reversible solid oxide electrochemical cell that may operate in two modes: a discharge mode (power generation) and a charge mode (electrolytic fuel production). A thermal system that utilizes a SOFB and is inclusive of selection of operating conditions that may enable roundtrip efficiencies exceeding about 80% to be realized is disclosed. Based on leverage of existing solid oxide fuel cell technology, the system concept is applicable to energy storage applications on the kW to MW scale.

Abstract: Systems and methods for electrolyzing water into hydrogen are disclosed. Hydrogen production efficiency is enhanced by maintaining a vacuum pressure on the tank holding the water being electrolyzed, and also by generating a plasma between the electrolysis plates.

Abstract: A system for cleaning scale from a nickel-based superalloy component is described. The system includes a molten salt, caustic alkaline solution, and an electrical charging device that provides at least 3 V DC to the molten salt bath. The system further includes a water rinse, a soap and water solution, an acid pickling solution, and an acetone rinse. The water rinse is air-agitated, the soap and water solution is acoustically coupled to an ultrasonic device, and the acid pickling solution is fluidly coupled to an agitator. The system includes a component positioning device structured to selectively, and successively, position the component within the molten salt bath, the water rinse, the soap and water solution, the acid pickling solution, the soap and water solution again, and the acetone rinse. The system includes a number of heating devices to provide selected temperatures to various selected solutions.

Abstract: In a method for reducing a solid feedstock (110), such as a solid metal compound, feedstock is arranged on upper surfaces of elements (60, 80, 81) in a bipolar cell stack contained within a housing (25). A molten salt electrolyte is circulated through the housing so that it contacts the elements of the bipolar stack and the feedstock. A potential is applied to terminal electrodes (50, 60) of the bipolar stack such that the upper surfaces of the elements become cathodic and the lower surfaces of the elements become anodic. The applied potential is sufficient to cause reduction of the feedstock. The invention also provides an apparatus for implementing the method.

Abstract: A water electrolyzer comprises a reservoir of water, one or more cells, a source of pulse width modulated direct current electricity, a positive terminal, a negative terminal, and a cooling system. Said electrode cells are submerged in said reservoir of water. Said source of pulse width modulated direct current electricity attaches to said positive terminal and said negative terminal of said water electrolyzer. Said electrode cells each comprise a cathode having a positive terminal and an anode having a negative terminal. Said cathode and said anode comprise different materials. Said positive terminal attaches to said electrode cells with one or more positive lines. Said negative terminal attaches to said electrode cells with one or more negative lines. Said cooling system is capable of cooling said reservoir of water. Said water electrolyzer produces and can deliver one or more gases through a fluid connection with an engine.

Abstract: Modularly integrated coating systems for coating a plurality of parts include a part handling system that transports parts between one or more modular ovens configured to modularly connect to one another to form a single curing station of selectable size for curing the plurality of parts, wherein the one or more modular ovens comprise a gas burner and a circulating fan, one or more modular support equipment platforms configured to stackably support the one or more modular ovens in the modularly integrated coating system, wherein the one or more modular support equipment platforms comprises, a water treatment system, a water heat generation system, an integrated lab kit module, and an integrated process control system, and a part coating system operationally integrated with the one or more modular ovens and the one or more modular support equipment platforms, wherein the part coating system coats the plurality of parts.

Abstract: Durable seamless replication tools are disclosed for replication of seamless relief patterns in desired media, for example in optical recording or data storage media. Methods of making such durable replication tools are disclosed, including preparing a recording substrate on the inner surface of a support cylinder, recording and developing a relief pattern in the substrate, creating a durable negative relief replica of the pattern, extracting the resulting durable tool sleeve from a processing cell, and mounting the tool sleeve on a mounting fixture. Apparatus are disclosed for fabricating such seamless replication tools, including systems for recording a desired relief pattern on a photosensitive layer on an inner surface of a support cylinder. Also disclosed are electrodeposition cells for forming a durable tool sleeve having a desired relief pattern. The replication tool relief features may have critical dimensions down to the micron and nanometer regime.

Abstract: Electrodes are positioned substantially in contact with at least one surface of a solid to generate or absorb alkali metals when a voltage is applied between the electrodes.

Abstract: A hydrogen carburetor for generating hydrogen to run an internal combustion engine and method thereof are described.

Abstract: A system for producing hydrogen gas fuel used in powering an internal combustion engine of a vehicle comprising a hydrogen reactor which includes at least one set of electrode plates comprising a plurality of neutral, positively charged and negatively charged plates disposed in a predetermined sequence or position relative to one another to define a predetermined stacked array submerged within water maintained in the hydrogen reactor.

Abstract: A heat transfer system includes a working fluid and an electrochemical compressor. The working fluid is made up of a polar solvent that primarily acts as a condensable refrigerant and hydrogen that primarily acts as an electrochemically-active component. The electrochemical compressor includes an inlet fluidly coupled to an evaporator to receive the working fluid; an outlet fluidly coupled to a condenser; and one or more electrochemical cells electrically connected to each other through a power supply. Each electrochemical cell includes a gas pervious anode, a gas pervious cathode, and an electrolytic membrane disposed between and in intimate electrical contact with the cathode and the anode to pass the working fluid.

Abstract: Provided is an electrolytic disinfection system and method for purifying water. The electrolytic disinfection system includes; an electrolytic disinfection device which includes; a chamber, a first electrode disposed in the chamber, a second electrode disposed in the chamber and spaced apart from the first electrode, a water inlet part connected to the chamber, wherein the water inlet part allows influent water to be introduced to the chamber therethrough, and a water outlet part connected to the chamber, wherein the water outlet part allows the influent water to be discharged from the chamber therethrough, and an influent water heating device which is disposed upstream of the water inlet part and heats the influent water introduced to the chamber through the water inlet part.

Abstract: The methods and systems for producing hydrogen on demand use aluminum, a heat source and an electrical source, such as, but not limited to, solar power. The heat source and electrical source is used to produce chemical intermediates from sodium chloride via electrolysis. The chemical intermediates from the sodium chloride may be reacted with aluminum to produce hydrogen. The on-demand hydrogen systems can generate a continuous stream of hydrogen that can power a home or business. Alternatively, or in addition, the on-demand hydrogen system can be incorporated into a vehicle to power the vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel economical on-site electrochemical based membrane cell based process with the capability of producing high strength sodium hypochlorite and/or elemental chlorine gas in any ratio as required by the needs of a water or wastewater treatment plant. The system is compact and modular, using membrane cell based electrolyzers and utilizing novel process modifications and sensors to allow for the unattended control and safe operation of the process. The process allows the operator to produce elemental chlorine gas and sodium hypochlorite in any product ratio, such that 5% to 100% of the total chlorine produced by the process can be converted to high strength bleach. The process has the flexibility to produce stable high quality, low to high strength sodium hypochlorite solutions in concentrations ranging from about 2 to 15% trade as NaOCl.

Abstract: An electroplating apparatus for filling recessed features on a semiconductor substrate includes an electrolyte concentrator configured for concentrating an electrolyte having Cu2+ ions to form a concentrated electrolyte solution that would have been supersaturated at 20° C. The electrolyte is maintained at a temperature that is higher than 20° C., such as at least at about 40° C. The apparatus further includes a concentrated electrolyte reservoir and a plating cell, where the plating cell is configured for electroplating with concentrated electrolyte at a temperature of at least about 40° C. Electroplating with electrolytes having Cu2+ concentration of at least about 60 g/L at temperatures of at least about 40° C. results in very fast copper deposition rates, and is particularly well-suited for filling large, high aspect ratio features, such as through-silicon vias.

Abstract: An electroplating apparatus for electroplating a surface of a wafer is provided. The wafer is capable of being electrically charged as a cathode. The electroplating apparatus includes a plating head capable of being positioned either over or under the surface of a wafer and capable of being electrically charged as an anode. The plating head is capable of enabling metallic plating between the surface of the wafer and the plating head when the wafer and plating head are charged. The plating head further comprises a voltage sensor pair capable of sensing a voltage present between the plating head and the surface of the wafer, and a controller capable of receiving data from the voltage sensor pair. The data received from the voltage sensor pair is used by the controller to maintain a substantially constant voltage to be applied by the anode when the plating head is placed in positions over the surface of the wafer. A method of electroplating a wafer is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolytic reactor and related methods for supplementing the air-intake of an internal combustion engine with hydrogen.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and system for supplementing fuel for an internal combustion engine by applying a current across a cathode and an anode in an aqueous electrolyte solution to generate fuel gas such as hydrogen; directing the fuel gas to fill a collapsible bag; directing the fuel gas past the collapsible bag to the internal combustion engine when the collapsible bag is full; and allowing the fuel gas that filled the collapsible bag to be drawn into the engine when the engine requires a fuel boost.

Abstract: A self-sustaining, fully automated, hydrogen generator that utilizes the ocean's currents, tides, and water to produce vast amounts of hydrogen and oxygen. Additional electricity may be supplied by locally generated means including offshore wind, offshore geothermal, as well as wave powered generation. Hydrogen is exported as well as the oxygen not consumed by the life support systems. Residue collected from the ocean water purification process is collected and exported for use elsewhere or dispersed locally around the underwater facility. Systems orchestration is achieved by control systems that operate independently of one another with no single point of failure.

Abstract: An electrolyser for high-temperature electrolysis configured to operate in an allothermal mode, including an enclosure configured to maintain an electrolytic bath under high or very high pressure of several tens of bars, in which at least one electrolysis plate is arranged, and a heater internal to the enclosure. The electrolysis plate includes a plurality of electrolysis cells lying side by side in substantially one same plane, each electrolysis cell including an anode and a cathode. The heater uses a heat-carrier fluid.

Abstract: An electroformed tooling device is disclosed. The device includes an electroformed tool with electrodeposited metal which has been plated from a structured substrate on a molding side to function as a molding surface and an uneven contour on a non-molding side of the electroformed tool left as a by-product of electroforming. The device also includes a blank base comprising a top surface, a network of thermal management channels, and at least a first opening and a second opening communicating with the network of thermal management channels to allow fluid to flow into the first opening and flow through the network of thermal management channels and flow out the second opening. The top surface further includes an electro-discharge machined contoured surface to mate with the uneven contour on the non-molding side of the electroformed tool. Fluid flowing through the thermal management channels cools or alternately cools and heats the electroformed tool.

Abstract: A method for producing ozone-water includes steps of providing a cathode and an anode so as to interpose a solid polymer film therebetween, and electrolyzing water. A conductive diamond having one of a porous structure and a mesh structure is used as the anode. Ozone-water of an intermediate to high temperature is produced by electrolyzing water of an intermediate to high temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel economical on-site electrochemical based membrane cell based process with the capability of producing high strength sodium hypochlorite and/or elemental chlorine gas in any ratio as required by the needs of a water or wastewater treatment plant. The system is compact and modular, using membrane cell based electrolyzers and utilizing novel process modifications and sensors to allow for the unattended control and safe operation of the process. The process allows the operator to produce elemental chlorine gas and sodium hypochlorite in any product ratio, such that 5% to 100% of the total chlorine produced by the process can be converted to high strength bleach. The process has the flexibility to produce stable high quality, low to high strength sodium hypochlorite solutions in concentrations ranging from about 2 to 15% trade as NaOCl.

Abstract: An electrolytic gas composite fuel generation apparatus is disclosed having a mixing tank in which a liquid organic compound, such as an alkane, alcohols or ether, is stored so that a gaseous fossil fuel is continuously mixed with an electrolytic gas that is supplied as bubbles, an electrolytic gas supply device for supplying bubbles of electrolytic gas, and a fossil fuel supply device for supplying gaseous fossil fuel as bubbles. The fuel generation apparatus also includes an electrolytic gas composite fuel discharge device for discharging an electrolytic gas composite fuel that is produced by continuously mixing the electrolytic gas with the gaseous fossil fuel, an elevating portion capable of ascending and descending within the mixing tank, and a controller. The present invention further discloses a method for continuously mixing an electrolytic gas, generated by water electrolysis employing a basic electrolyte, with gaseous fossil fuel, and generating an electrolytic gas composite fuel.

Abstract: The suggested plant for decomposition of water by electrolysis permits to convert mechanical and heat energy into electrical and chemical energy as it contains an electrolyzer comprising: a body installed on a shaft connected to a drive and incorporating ducts for supplying electrolyte solution and extracting the electrolysis products as well as an electrolyte solution drain duct; short-circuited electrodes—one electrode installed on the shaft and the other one formed by the internal surface of the body; and a heat exchanger.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a system and a method for the production of hydrogen. The system advantageously combines an independent high temperature heat source with a solid oxide electrolyzer cell and a heat exchanger located between the cathode inlet and the cathode outlet. The heat exchanger is used to extract heat from the molecular components such as hydrogen derived from the electrolysis. A portion of the hydrogen generated in the solid oxide electrolyzer cell is recombined with steam and recycled to the solid oxide electrolyzer cell. The oxygen generated on the anode side is swept with compressed air and used to drive a gas turbine that is in operative communication with a generator. Electricity generated by the generator is used to drive the electrolysis in the solid oxide electrolyzer cell.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for metal electroplating. The apparatus for metal electroplating includes an electroplating tank for containing an electrolyte at a first temperature, a substrate holder for holding a semiconductor substrate, and a heater for heating the portion of the electrolyte adjacent to the substrate holder to a second temperature higher than the first temperature.

Abstract: A device and process is presented for producing hydrogen peroxide on an as needed basis is disclosed. The process and device produces hydrogen peroxide on a small scale without the addition of chemicals and disposal of waste streams.

Abstract: A method of operating an integrated hydrogen production and processing system is provided. The method includes operating an electrolyzer to produce hydrogen from water and utilizing heat generated from the electrolyzer to increase a temperature of an electrolyte in a first mode of operation. The method also includes heating the electrolyte in a second mode of operation by extracting heat from a hydrogen compressor to increase or maintain the temperature of the electrolyte during periods when electrolysis is not performed in the electrolyzer or during startup of the electrolyzer.