Abstract: An electrochemical cell system includes a hydrogen electrode; an oxygen electrode; a membrane disposed between the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode; and a compartmentalized storage tank. The compartmentalized storage tank has a first fluid storage section and a second fluid storage section separated by a movable divider. The compartmentalized storage tank is in fluid communication with the electrochemical cell. Further, an electrochemical cell includes a hydrogen electrode; an oxygen electrode; an electrolyte membrane disposed between and in intimate contact with the hydrogen electrode and said oxygen electrode; an oxygen flow field disposed adjacent to and in intimate contact with the oxygen electrode; a hydrogen flow field disposed adjacent to and in intimate contact with the hydrogen electrode; a water flow field disposed in fluid communication with the oxygen flow field; and a media divider disposed between the oxygen flow field and the water flow field.

Abstract: An electrode structure for use, for example, in a bipolar electrolyser comprising (i) a pan with a dished recess and a flange around the periphery thereof for supporting gasket means for sealing a separator between the flanges in adjacent electrode structures, which separator is disposed between the surface of the anode of a first electrode structure and the cathode of a second electrode structure such that the anode surface is substantially parallel to and faces but is insulated and spaced apart from the cathode surface by the separator and is hermetically-sealed to the separator, (ii) an electrically conductive plate spaced from the pan, (iii) a plurality of electrically-conductive members to which the electrically conductive plate is electroconductively attached and which provide electrically-conductive pathways between the pan and the electrically conductive plate, (iv) inlet for electrolyte and (v) outlets for liquids and gases wherein where the electrode structure is an anode structure the dished recess

Abstract: A bipolar multipurpose electrolysis cell according to the invention for high current loads comprises a clamping frame, two electrode edge plates with metal electrode sheets and supply conductor, as well as bipolar electrode plates, the latter comprising:

Abstract: An electrochemical cell stack comprising stack walls and a plurality of electrolytic cells within the stack walls, each cell comprising cell members selected from an anode a cathode; a membrane separator frame formed of a non-conductive material and having a frame first planar peripheral surface; a frame second planar peripheral surface; and a central portion defining a membrane-receiving aperture; a membrane within the aperture to provide an anolyte circulation chamber and a catholyte circulation chamber distinct one from the other within the frame, an impermeable cell end wall formed of a non-conductive material between the anode and cathode and the anodes and cathodes of adjacent cells of said stack; wherein each of said anode, said cathode, said separator frame and said end wall has a portion defining an anolyte flow inlet channel, a catholyte flow inlet channel, a spent anolyte channel and a spent catholyte channel; said anolyte flow inlet channel and said spent anolyte channel are in communication with

Abstract: A flow-frame for forming a subassembly; said sub-assembly comprising a bipolar electrode and an ion-selective membrane mounted on said flow-frame and wherein said sub-assembly may be stacked together with other such subassemblies to create an array of electrochemical cells; wherein said flow-frame is formed from an electrically insulating material and comprises at least four manifold-defining portions which also define pathways for the passage of the anolyte/catholyte. Such pathway may define a labyrinthine path which may be spiral in shape between the manifold and the chamber entry/exit port.

Abstract: The activity of catalysts used in promoting the oxidation of certain oxidizable species in fluids can be enhanced via electrochemical methods, e.g., NEMCA. In particular, the activity of catalysts used in the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide can be enhanced. A purification system that exploits this effect is useful in purifying reformate supplied as fuel to a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack. The purification system comprises an electrolytic cell with fluid diffusion electrodes. The activity of catalyst incorporated in the cell anode is enhanced.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell system includes a hydrogen electrode; an oxygen electrode; a membrane disposed between the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode; and a compartmentalized storage tank. The compartmentalized storage tank has a first fluid storage section and a second fluid storage section separated by a movable divider. The compartmentalized storage tank is in fluid communication with the electrochemical cell. Further, an electrochemical cell includes a hydrogen electrode; an oxygen electrode; an electrolyte membrane disposed between and in intimate contact with the hydrogen electrode and said oxygen electrode; an oxygen flow field disposed adjacent to and in intimate contact with the oxygen electrode; a hydrogen flow field disposed adjacent to and in intimate contact with the hydrogen electrode; a water flow field disposed in fluid communication with the oxygen flow field; and a media divider disposed between the oxygen flow field and the water flow field.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell stack comprising stack walls and a plurality of electrolytic cells within the stack walls, each cell comprising cell members selected from an anode a cathode; a membrane separator frame formed of a non-conductive material and having a frame first planar peripheral surface; a frame second planar peripheral surface; and a central portion defining a membrane-receiving aperture; a membrane within the aperture to provide an anolyte circulation chamber and a catholyte circulation chamber distinct one from the other within the frame, an impermeable cell end wall formed of a non-conductive material between the anode and cathode and the anodes and cathodes of adjacent cells of said stack; wherein each of said anode, said cathode, said separator frame and said end wall has a portion defining an anolyte flow inlet channel, a catholyte flow inlet channel, a spent anolyte channel and a spent catholyte channel; said anolyte flow inlet channel and said spent anolyte channel are in communication with

Abstract: An electrolysis plate is described which consists of an outer non-conductive frame, particularly a frame having a fiber-reinforced cresol resin, an electrically conductive, bipolar graphite plate which is mounted therein and is preferably slotted on both sides, and, in the region of the electrolyte feed, has plastic skirts for the forced direction of the electrolyte solutions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochemical cells and electrochemical systems using a one piece or unitary electrode plate hereinafter also referred to as a double electrode plate (DEP) which serves to electrically connect two adjacent cell compartments and wherein the current flow in the electrodes is parallel to the working face of the electrode. In the cell designs disclosed herein the cells are assembled as a contiguous stack of cells (cell stack) appearing similar to a filter press where the electrical connections between adjacent cells are made using the double electrode plate. In one aspect of the invention there is provided a single stack electrolyser (SSE) utilizing a folded double electrode plate to connect adjacent cells in a single stack. An insulating wall separates compartments of adjacent electrode pair assemblies connected by the double electrode plate in the SSE.

Abstract: An electrode for use in an electrolysis cell for electrolyzing a reactant product into reactants. The electrode comprises an elongated box made of graphite having a first side and a second side opposite the first side with a space therebetween, the second side being porous to convey one of the reactants through it into the space as the reactants are produced without conveying the reactant product. The reactant conveyed through the porous portion into the electrode internal space exits the electrode through an outlet aperture at an end of the electrode.

Abstract: An improved electrolyzer is disclosed herein. The electrolyzer includes a housing having an inlet and an outlet at a common end. Within the housing are disposed electrode elements, and a passageway that connects the inlet to the outlet. In accordance with the improvement disclosed and claimed herein, a divider is disposed in the fluid flow passageway between the inlet and outlet. It serves to cause fluid entering the inlet to flow through one section of the passageway, and then through another section of the passageway before exiting through the outlet.

Abstract: A bipolar electrolytic cell can include, as a manifold, a spiral manifold assembly. This spiral manifold assembly will comprise a first outer assembly member, a second outer assembly member and a center assembly member. The overall structure can provide reduced loss of metal or gas and minimal loss of electrical current during an electrolytic process.

Abstract: A bipolar electrolytic cell can include, as a manifold, a spiral manifold assembly. This spiral manifold assembly will comprise a first outer assembly member, a second outer assembly member and a center assembly member. The overall structure can provide reduced loss of metal or gas and minimal loss of electrical current during an electrolytic process.

Abstract: Electropurification of contaminated aqueous media, such as ground water and wastewater from industrial manufacturing facilities like paper mills, food processing plants and textile mills, is readily purified, decolorized and sterilized by improved, more economic open configuration electrolysis cell designs, which may be divided or undivided, allowing connection as monopolar or bipolar cells. When coupled with very narrow capillary gap electrodes more economic operation particular when treating solutions of relatively low conductivity is assured. The novel cell design is also useful in the electrosynthesis of chemicals, such as hypochlorite bleaches and other oxygenated species.

Abstract: An ozone generator which operates at constant pressures to produce a continuous flow of ozone in an oxygen stream having from 10% to 18% by weight of ozone. The ozone generator includes one or more electrolytic cells comprising an anode/anode flowfield, a cathode/cathode flowfield, and a proton exchange medium for maintaining the separation of ozone and oxygen from hydrogen. The ozone generator also has an anode reservoir which vents oxygen and ozone and a cathode reservoir which vents hydrogen. The anode reservoir can be filled from the cathode reservoir while continuing to produce ozone. The ozone generator is readily configured for self-control using a system controller programmed to operate the anode reservoir at a constant pressure.

Abstract: The present invention is an integrated screen comprising a screen portion having openings and an integral protector edge disposed about the periphery of the screen portion. This integrated screen protector edge can be utilized individually as the membrane support/flow field in an electrochemical cell or in conjunction with one or more subsequent screen layers. When utilized with subsequent screen layers, the integrated screen protector edge is disposed adjacent to and in intimate contact with the membrane assembly.

Abstract: An improved electrochemical system includes at least two cells. Each cell defines an anolyte chamber and a catholyte chamber, and includes at least an anode electrode adjacent to the anolyte chamber, and a cathode electrode adjacent to the catholyte chamber. At least one unitary one piece double electrode plate is provided having an electrically conducting frame. At least two single electrode plates are provided, each including an electrically conducting frame for supporting an anode electrode or a cathode electrode. A separator is between the catholyte and anolyte chambers and has at least a peripheral frame formed of a compressible elastomer. An anolyte chamber forming frame formed of a compressible elastomer and a catholyte chamber forming frame member formed of a compressible elastomer are provided within each cell. The anolyte and catholyte chamber forming frame members and the peripheral frame of the separator are compressed to form fluid tight seals when the electrochemical system is assembled.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a new design of elements for ion exchange membrane electrolyzers for the electrolysis of brine to produce chlorine, hydrogen and caustic soda. This new design solves the problems affecting prior art, by both minimizing the electrolyte concentration and temperature gradients, and the pressure fluctuation resorting to components which are easy to be installed and may be obtained through automated production cycles.

Abstract: An improved electrochemical system, comprising (a) at least two cells in parallel electrical connection to constitute at least two cell stacks, each cell defining an anolyte chamber and a catholyte chamber, and including at least an anode electrode adjacent to the anolyte chamber, and a cathode electrode adjacent to the catholyte chamber; (b) at least one unitary one piece double electrode plate having an electrically conducting frame, the anode electrode in one of the at least two cells being supported on a first portion of the electrically conducting frame, and the cathode electrode in one of the other of the at least two cells being supported on a second portion of the electrically conducting frame spaced from the first portion; (c) at least two single electrode plates, each single electrode plate including an electrically conducting frame for supporting an anode electrode or a cathode electrode wherein the first and second portions of the double electrode plate include at least opposed faces; (d) a me

Abstract: A cell frame is for use in an electrochemical cell wherein the cell frame includes fluid communicating inserts for providing process water to the electrochemical cell and to transport waste water and product from the cell. The cell frame comprises inserts positioned about the periphery of the frame to facilitate a uniform fluid field and membrane hydration. The cell frame further comprises a protective plate comprising sealing features and lip extensions to prevent fluid leakage and membrane damage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochemical cells and electrochemical systems using a one piece or unitary electrode plate hereinafter also referred to as a double electrode plate (DEP) which serves to electrically connect two adjacent cell compartments and wherein the current flow in the electrodes is parallel to the working face of the electrode. In the cell designs disclosed herein the cells are assembled as a contiguous stack of cells (cell stack) appearing similar to a filter press where the electrical connections between adjacent cells are made using the double electrode plate. In one aspect of the invention there is provided a mono-polar multiple stack electrolyser (MSE) using double electrode plates wherein the planar double electrode plates connect cells in adjacent cell stacks. The mono-polar characteristics of the cell are maintained by the presence of an air gap isolating each adjacent stack of cells connected by each double electrode plate.

Abstract: A bipolar type ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell comprising an anode compartment frame which comprises an anode plate and an anode back plate arranged in substantially parallel with each other with a spacing, and a conductive anode supporting member arranged between the anode plate and the anode back plate, and a cathode compartment frame which comprises a cathode plate and a cathode back plate arranged in substantially parallel with each other with a spacing, and a conductive cathode supporting member arranged between the cathode plate and the cathode back plate, so that the anode back plate and the cathode back plate are connected back to back to form a partition wall for a bipolar electrolytic cell, wherein(a) the spacing between the anode plate and the anode back plate is wider than the spacing between the cathode plate and the cathode back plate,(b) the anode supporting member and/or the cathode supporting member, is arranged in plurality, and(c) between the adjacent anode and/or cathode supporting

Abstract: Bipolar plate made of a composite material for use in a filter-press electrolyzer. Said plate comprises a central portion (6) which is electrically conductive and is obtained by heat-pressing of a mixture of graphite or conductive carbon and a thermoplastic polymer powder resistance to corrosion and two terminal portions (7,8) containing the distribution holes (2,3,4,5) for the inlet of the fresh electrolytes and for the outlet of the exhausted electrolytes and electrolysis products. Said terminal portions are integral with the central portion and are obtained during said heat-pressing from a mixture of graphite or conductive carbon and said thermoplastic polymer powder with a ratio between said powders lower than that of the central portion. Said mixture of the terminal portions may further contain also a non-conductive compound powder, in which case the mixture may also be free from graphite or conductive carbon powder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell having split fluid and current feed. Specifically, the cathode or anode inlet and outlet fluid may be fed from both, rather than from just one end of the electrolyzer. Alternatively, or additionally, the current may be fed to the anode or cathode side of the cell at one point, but may be removed from the opposite end of cell at two points. By feeding the fluid from both ends of the electrolyzer, the internal shunt current within each manifold is reduced, while the active area in the electrolyzer is increased without increasing the overall area of the current distributors. By removing the current from the electrolyzer at two points rather than just one, the voltage required by the electrolyzer may be reduced by half than if the current were removed at just one point.

Abstract: A cell, particularly a membrane cell, that will generally be oriented in an at least substantially vertical positioning, is provided with an array of blade electrodes. The blade electrodes are Delta shape in cross-section, having a flat back face and forwardly sloping sides meeting at a forward edge. Such electrodes can be secured to a current distributor bar, typically on a flat front face of the bar. The forward edge of an electrode blade may be placed opposite a counter electrode of the same or different structure, with a membrane separator usually interposed therebetween. Electrical connection can be made to the electrode blades from the distributor bar, and to the distributor bar through boss electrical connectors. Baffles, which may also be secured to the distributor bar, help establish a front chamber, containing the electrode blades, in front of the baffles, and a back chamber behind the baffles. Electrolyte circulates through the front chamber and recirculates through the back chamber.

Abstract: An electrolyzer has an educt chamber, a membrane, a cathode-side product chamber, a porous cathode, a diaphragm, a porous anode, in which case a liquid electrolyte can be fixed in the pores of the anode and the cathode, and an anode-side product chamber. Between the membrane and the cathode-side product chamber, a first electrically conductive plate and, adjacent to the anode-side product gas chamber, a second electrically conductive plate, are situated. The two conductive plates are used for the current supply to and the current removal from the electrodes.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing hydrogen and oxygen having a pressure vessel surrounding a bipolar-type water electrolytic cell The electrolytic cell contains a plurality of joined solid electrolyte membrane units, and each solid electrolyte membrane unit contains a solid electrolyte membrane, porous conductors in contact with opposing surfaces of the solid electrolyte membrane, and bipolar-type electrode plates in contact with each porous conductor, wherein each electrode plate is capable of performing as an anode and a cathode. A gap is present between the interior of the pressure vessel and the exterior of the water electrolytic cell to form a water pressure regulating chamber, and water of a preselected pressure can be fed into the water pressure regulating chamber such that the pressure differential between the pressure inside the water electrolytic cell and the pressure inside the water pressure regulating chamber is maintained within the pressure differential tolerance range of the water electrolytic cell.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell (20) which is effectively leakproof and can be incorporated into an easily serviceable cell pack (80). Within the cell are a plurality of parallel electrode plates (44, 46, 56) which act as anode and cathode reaction surfaces for processing chemicals. The electrochemical cell housing (33) is preferably formed of durable plastic with all fluid inlets (36, 38) and outlets (40, 42) on its upper face (30). One or more input manifolds (48, 50) are provided to route process chemicals to the bottom of the cell and then distribute them upward across the electrode plates. The housing is formed as a one-piece, monolithic structure with an opening left on top for fitting the top face. At the end of cell assembly, the top face is attached to the remainder of the cell housing so as to form a sealed cell.

Abstract: An improvement is proposed in the cleaning treatment of semiconductor silicon wafers in which the conventional step of cleaning with an aqueous solution of an acid is replaced with a cleaning treatment with a temporarily acidic pure water which is produced electrolytically by the application of a DC voltage between an anode and a cathode bonded to the surfaces of a hydrogen-ion exchange membrane so that the acidic cleaning treatment can be performed under mild conditions so as to eliminate the troubles unavoidable in the conventional process. The apparatus used therefor comprises a rectangular vessel partitioned into a central anode compartment, in which the wafers are held in a vertical disposition within an upflow of pure water, and a pair of cathode compartments on both sides of the anode compartment by partitioning with a pair of hydrogen-ion exchange membranes, on both sides of which an anode plate and a cathode plate are bonded.

Abstract: An improvement is proposed in the cleaning treatment of semiconductor silicon wafers in which the conventional step of cleaning with an aqueous solution of an alkali is replaced with a cleaning treatment with a temporarily alkaline pure water which is produced electrolytically by the application of a DC voltage between a cathode and an anode bonded to the surfaces of a hydrogen-ion exchange membrane so that the alkaline cleaning treatment can be performed under mild conditions so as to eliminate the troubles due to formation of COPs unavoidable in the conventional process. In addition, the pure water rinse following the alkali cleaning of the wafers before transfer to the succeeding acidic cleaning step can be omitted to greatly contribute to the improvement of productivity.

Abstract: A bipolar type ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell has gas-liquid separating chambers which minimizes a pressure fluctuation in compartment frame units, deterioration of ion exchange membranes and a voltage variation in the compartment units.Upper portions of back plates 5, 3a are outwardly bent at a higher position than meshed electrode plates of each of anode and cathode compartment frames to form inversed U-shape portions; U-shaped channel members 10 are respectively placed in and fixed to the inversed U-shape portions so that spaces are formed, as passages 12, in association with the back plates, and areas defined by the inversed U-shape portions and the U-shaped channel members are gas-liquid separating chambers.

Abstract: An electrolyzer having a partition plate produced by forming thin plates. The electrolyzer includes a vertical electrolyzer unit which has a partition plate formed by superimposing a pair of anode- and cathode-side partitions provided with mutually fittable recesses and projections, and an electrode plate connected to the projections on each side of the partition plate to define an electrolytic chamber. A gas-liquid separating chamber having a discharge opening is provided in the upper part of the electrolyzer unit such that the cross-sectional area of the gas-liquid separating chamber is larger at a part closer to the discharge opening than at a part remoter from the discharge opening, thereby preventing the fluctuation of pressure in the electrolytic chamber caused by pulsation occurring in the gas-liquid separating chamber.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for the production of ozone utilizing an anodic electrocatalyst and a membrane and electrode assembly formed by bonding a polytetrafluoroethylene-containing, proton exchange polymer-impregnated, gas diffusion cathode to a proton exchange membrane.

Abstract: Economical, pollution-free treatment of textiles occurs in a low voltage electrochemical cell that mercerizes (or scours), sours, and optionally bleaches without effluents and without the purchase of bulk caustic, neutralizing acids, or bleaches. The cell produces base in the cathodic chamber for mercerization and an equivalent amount of acid in the anodic chamber for neutralizing the fabric. Gas diffusion electrodes are used for one or both electrodes and may simultaneously generate hydrogen peroxide for bleaching. The preferred configuration is a stack of bipolar electrodes, in which one or both of the anode and cathode are gas diffusion electrodes, and where no hydrogen gas is evolved at the cathode.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell comprises an anode plate, a cathode plate, and a permeable membrane interposed between the anode and cathode plate. An anode sealing gasket is interposed between the anode plate and the permeable membrane forming an anode chamber, the anode sealing gasket may comprise a bipolar electrode. A cathode sealing gasket is interposed between the cathode plate and the permeable membrane forming a cathode chamber. An anolyte reservoir external to the anode chamber supplies anolyte to and removes mixed oxidant gases from the anode chamber. An anolyte make-up tank external to the anolyte reservoir and anode chamber supplies anolyte solution to the anolyte reservoir. The anolyte solution is transferred from the anolyte make-up tank, to the anolyte reservoir, and into the anode chamber by gravity. A catholyte reservoir external to the cathode chamber supplies catholyte to and removes gases from the cathode chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ion exchange membrane type electrolyzer producing chlorine and metal alkali hydroxide. The features include the unit electrolyzer comprises an anode partition wall made of titanium; a cathode partition wall made of nickel; an electrical conduction plate of appropriate dimension for electrical connection; and a current distribution frame. The electrical connection between each unit electrolyzer is provided by spring type metal plates explosively welded.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for removing contaminants from an aqueous medium. The apparatus includes a fluidized bed of metallic particles through which the medium is flowed and through which an electric current is applied by electrodes for agglomerating contaminants in the medium. In order to allow the electrodes to be non-consumable so that they do not require frequent replacement, the particles are consumable.

Abstract: In an electrolyzer system having metallic supply and discharge piping subjected to shunt currents, the improvement which comprises a removable target electrode in the section of said piping subjected to said shunt currents, said target electrode having a lower overvoltage than the metallic piping being protected.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for treating water by passing the water through an electrolytic bath provided with an anode and a porous cathode. The water is qualified by the decomposition and the reduction of chloride compounds in the water while the water passes through the porous cathode that occupies full area of a cross section of the flow path of the water.

Abstract: A novel bipolar electrode module is provided. Such module includes a generally-rectangular, plate-like metallic cathode, a generally-rectangular, plate-like metallic anode, the plate-like metallic cathode and anode being disposed in edge-to-edge butting relationship, thereby to align the plate-like metallic cathode to lie in the same plane as the plate-like metallic anode; and the butting relationship between the plate-like metallic anode and the plate-like metallic cathode being provided by a coextensive joint between the respective abutting edges of the plate-like metallic anode and the plate-like metallic cathode, the joint comprising a mechanical integration fit between a plurality a plurality of male tongues on an edge of one metallic plate and a similar plurality of female grooves in an edge of the other metallic plate. The joint provides: structural rigidity for the module; and electrically-conducting zone of low resistance; and no increase in module thickness.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolysis cell of the filter press type for the production of peroxy and perhalogenate compounds comprising alternatingly arranged cathodes and anodes provided with electrolyte feeds, wherein the cathodes (1) and anodes (2) consist of right parallelpiped-shaped hollow bodies between which are present frame-shaped seals (3) and which, via these seals (3), are connected together in a liquid-tight manner and insulated from one another to give a cell pile, the cathode hollow bodies (1) are liquid- and gas-permeable, the anode hollow bodies (2) possess, above and below a platinum layer, openings for the introduction and removal of the anolyte and the effective anode surface is formed by the platinum metal layer of a composite anode comprising a valve metal substrate and a platinum layer present thereon which is obtainable by the hot isostatic pressing of a platinum foil on to a valve metal carrier.

Abstract: A bipolar-electrode electrolytic cell is disclosed, which is to be used in electrolysis of an electrolytic solution having a high electric resistance and including at least two diaphragms positioned to form a plurality of electrode compartments comprising two outer compartments defined between the side walls of the electrolytic cell and the diaphragms positioned closest to the cell walls having a single electrode and at least one electrode compartment having two same-polar electrodes on both sides thereof, each of said electrodes being placed on a diaphragm such that different-polar electrodes are positioned at opposing sides of the diaphragm, wherein the distance between same-polar electrodes within the same compartment is sufficiently large such that electrolysis therebetween does not substantially occur and wherein two of said electrodes at the terminal ends of the series connected electrolytic cell, an anode and a cathode, being further electrically connected to an anode collector and a cathode collector,

Abstract: A apparatus and method for the reduction and oxidation of constituents of a fluid is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a honeycomb-like structure of oxygen ion conducting ceramic having at least one passage. The passage is lined with a porous bipolar electrode and porous electrodes are formed outside the passage on the ceramic structure, the electrode in the passage being between the outside electrodes. If a voltage is applied to the outside electrodes, reducible and oxidizable constituents in a fluid passing over the passage electrode are oxidized and reduced. The capacity of the apparatus may be increased by increasing the number of passages/electrodes located between the outside electrodes.

Abstract: A bipolar-electrode type electrolytic cell for production of ozone is disclosed, including a plurality of solid electrolyte electrodes comprising a solid electrolyte ion exchange membrane having provided on opposing sides thereof an anode and a cathode, said electrodes positioned to form a plurality of electrode compartments between adjacent solid electrolyte electrodes, such that the anodes face each other to form anode compartments and the cathodes face each other to form cathode compartments, and between the side walls of the electrolytic cell and the solid electrolyte electrodes positioned closest to the cell side walls, wherein each of the anodes and the cathodes provided on the solid electrolyte electrodes are electrically connected to a different-polar electrode, respectively, which face the same direction and are present on adjacent solid electrolyte electrodes.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell having improved current efficiency and a method for electrochemically reacting a liquid electrolyte with a gas in an electrochemical cell. The cell has at least two electrodes separated by a cell separator wherein at least one of said electrodes is a porous, self-draining, gas diffusion electrode. In one embodiment of the invention, an electrolyte is flowed through said cell separator into a porous, self-draining electrode and simultaneously the electrode is fed with a mixture of a reactive gas and water or an electrolyte. In another embodiment of the invention in which the cell separator is an ion exchange permselective membrane, a mixture of a reactive gas and an electrolyte are fed to the porous, self-draining electrode. Preferably said porous, self-draining electrode is a cathode.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell which comprises at least one anode and at least one cathode, an inlet channel through which liquor may be charged to the electrolytic cell, and an outlet channel through which liquor may be removed from the electrolytic cell, in which the outlet channel is operatively connected to the inlet channel, and in which the inlet channel comprises an ejector. The inlet and outlet channels may be formed in a unit made up of a plurality of shaped sheets, e.g. of electrically non-conducting plastics material, which together form the inlet and outlet channels.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell, e.g., for the electrolysis of NaCl to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide, has an improved operation control system, such system including a plurality of means for monitoring and controlling the flowstreams of inlet starting materials and/or outlet final products, the temperature of the electrolyte, the various reagent concentrations and the cell current, and such plurality of means being operably connected to a computing function which carries out corrective coherence calculations on certain of the parameters of electrolysis and adjusts the operation of the cell in response thereto.

Abstract: A storage, transportation and installation apparatus for ion exchange membranes for bipolar ion-exchange membrane chlorine cells which protects the ion-exchange membrane from the environment. The apparatus includes a container which allows the wet membrane, or a series of membranes separated by plastic sheets to lay flat inside the container protected by a plastic sheet. The container has a roller tension bar across one end which allows each membrane to be pulled out of the container directly into the area between the anode and cathode of the cell for mounting into place.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method is disclosed for generating fluorine which has an improved efficiency by reducing the resistance between the electrodes and by reducing the chemical action on the electrodes through a design whereby the structure and positioning of the electrodes as well as the flow of electrolyte provide this reduction of the resistance. The shape of the cell unit constituting the electrode structure reduces the chemical action on the electrode by increasing the flow of electrolyte past the electrode structure.