Abstract: A plating method includes: providing a work piece which is metal or non-metal; forming a printed layer on a predetermined region of a surface of the work piece through printing electrical conductive material on the predetermined region; forming a plated layer through plating the printed layer and the surface of the work piece.

Abstract: The dissolved gas sensor system includes a dissolved gas sensor partially located within a housing and partially extending through the housing lid. The sensor is created by affixing a selectively permeable membrane to a dissolved gas transducer with a waterproof polymer. This forms a membrane cavity between the membrane, polymer, and transducer. The membrane cavity allows the transducer to detect whatever gas or gases can pass through the selectively permeable membrane. These readings pass to a controller located within the housing body that can receive and process data, and store the data in a removable data storage for later retrieval by a user. The controller can also regulate overall power consumption of the system to increase the operating life of the system.

Abstract: An electricity-generating element unit including a plurality of electricity-generating elements, each of the plurality of electricity-generating elements including a first electrode, an intermediate layer, and a second electrode disposed with the intermediate layer being between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a coupling unit coupling the plurality of electricity-generating elements to each other, wherein when an external force is applied to at least one of the plurality of electricity-generating elements to bring the first electrode and the second electrode of the at least one of the plurality of electricity-generating elements close to each other, a distance between the first electrode and the second electrode of the electricity-generating element or each of the electricity-generating elements to which an external force is not applied is increased by the coupling unit.

Abstract: Sensor devices including dissolvable tissue-piercing tips are provided. The sensor devices can be used in conjunction with dissolvable needles configured for inserting the sensor devices into a host. Hardening agents for strengthening membranes on sensor devices are also provided. Methods of using and fabricating sensor devices are also provided.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor utilizes a chemical compound which is not a macromolecule but rather is a single chemical compound of determinate structure, incorporating two redox systems which differ in their response to a species to be detected. In one form, one redox system displays a voltammetric wave which is pH dependent while another displays a voltammetric wave which is pH independent and acts as an internal reference. The sensor comprises a solid substrate, which may be carbonaceous, on which the compound is immobilized. The sensor may be incorporated into a tool to be suspended in a wellbore.

Abstract: A method of operating a sensor system including at least one sensor for detecting an analyte gas and a control system includes electronically interrogating the sensor to determine the operational status thereof and upon determining that the operational status is non-conforming based upon one or more predetermined thresholds, the control system initiating an automated calibration of the sensor with the analyte gas or a simulant gas.

Abstract: An electrochemical gas sensor system (100) detects the concentration of a harmful gas in a measuring environment (70). The electrochemical gas sensor system (100) contains a voltage generator (19) and an electrochemical gas sensor (1). The electrochemical gas sensor (1) has a sensor housing (2) and a gas inlet (18). A measuring electrode (3), an auxiliary electrode (5), a reference electrode (17), a first generator electrode (13) and a second generator electrode (14) are in an electrolyte liquid (11) in the sensor housing (2). A salt (28) (halide) of a halogen is dissolved in the electrolyte liquid (11). The first generator electrode (13) and the second generator electrode (14) are connected to the voltage generator (19) to form a galvanic source. The galvanic source causes the salt (28) (halide) to react to form a halogen (28?). A defined, largely stable reference voltage potential becomes established on the reference electrode (17).

Abstract: A gas sensor includes known types of electrodes such as sensing electrodes, counter electrodes or reference electrodes to sense the presence of a predetermined gas. In addition, at least one diagnostic electrode is carried in the sensor. The diagnostic electrode implements at least one diagnostic function without substantially impairing the gas sensing function. The diagnostic electrode is immersed in sensor electrolyte.

Abstract: A method for measuring ammonia in a blood sample may involve positioning the blood sample in proximity with an ammonia gas sensor, generating a current with the ammonia gas sensor in response to ammonia gas released from the blood sample, and measuring the current generated by the ammonia gas sensor, using a current measurement member coupled with the ammonia gas sensor. A device for measuring an ammonia level in a blood sample may include a blood sample containment member, an ammonia gas sensor coupled with the blood sample containment member, and a current measurement member coupled with the ammonia gas sensor. The method and device may be used to measure an ammonia level in a blood sample as small as one drop of blood, or approximately 0.05 mL of blood.

Abstract: User interfaces and electrode assemblies are provided. A user interface includes a printed circuit board and an outer touch panel spaced from the printed circuit board. The user interface assembly further includes an electrode assembly disposed between the printed circuit board and outer touch panel. The electrode assembly includes a first conductive compressible electrode extending along a length between a first end and a second end and from the printed circuit board to the outer touch panel. The electrode assembly further includes a second conductive compressible electrode extending along a length between a first end and a second end and from the printed circuit board to the outer touch panel. The first and second electrodes are intertwined and define a gap therebetween. The gap is generally constant along the lengths of the first and second electrodes between the first ends and the second ends of the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A monochloramine microsensor includes an elongated housing defining a central axis and an open interior and having a capillary opening at one end. A semi-permeable membrane covers the capillary opening, the semi-permeable membrane allowing diffusion of chloramines there-through while preventing water from entering into the interior of the housing. A chloramine sensitive element in the form of a wire, fiber or nanotube is mounted within the housing, the chloramine sensitive element, when used in conjunction with an anode, outputs current in an amount proportional to the concentration of chloramine present in a liquid sample in which the chloramine sensitive element is immersed. The chloramine sensitive element extends along a length of the central axis to a first end adjacent to and spaced from the semi-permeable membrane. The chloramine sensitive element is a gold wire, a platinum wire, a carbon fiber or a carbon nanotube.

Abstract: A polymeric film composition and a non-enzymatic glucose sensor including the functional polymeric film are provided. The polymeric film composition includes polyurethane and perfluorosulfonic acid polymer.

Abstract: Methods and sensors for selective fluid sensing are provided. A gas dosimeter includes a housing configured with an opening to admit an analyte. The gas dosimeter also includes a multivariate sensor disposed in the housing. The sensor is configured to determine a concentration of the analyte over time. In addition, the multivariate sensor includes an irreversible sensing material. Electrical properties of the irreversible sensing material are configured to change irreversibly upon exposure to the analyte.

Abstract: Matrix materials, such as sol-gels and polymers derivatives to contain a redox active material can be used to form electrodes and probes suitable for use in pH meters and other analyte sensing devices.

Abstract: A sensor device is provided, which has an energy storage cell and at least one carrier substrate for at least one detector. The sensor device is characterized in that the at least one carrier substrate has at least one contact section for producing an electrically conductive and mechanical contact to the energy storage cell.

Abstract: An ion meter is calibrated by providing two ISFETS with different areas, where the two gate areas are used to calibrate the two ISFETS with respect to one another. The use of two ISFET gates that can be calibrated with respect to one another eliminates the need for an ion meter to be recalibrated before every use, and allows the ion meter to measure the concentration in the solution over an extended period of time.

Abstract: An ammonia gas detection apparatus includes an ammonia sensor that is configured to detect an ammonia gas in a gas stream and to generate a first output signal when the ammonia gas is detected in the gas stream. The ammonia sensor does not detect the ammonia gas in the gas stream when the gas stream further includes an interference gas that disrupts operation of the ammonia sensor. A discoloration gauge includes a reaction solution that changes from a first color to a second color responsive to exposure to the ammonia gas in the gas stream, regardless of the presence of the interference gas, and a detector that generates a second output signal responsive to the reaction solution changing from the first color to the second color. A communication interface outputs the first and second output signal to a host computer that detects presence of the ammonia gas.

Abstract: An aspect includes a low slope electrode device, including: at least one electrode; at least one container at least partially enclosing the at least one electrode and having at least one ion sensitive region; an external buffer container having at least one separating element that separates said at least one ion sensitive region into: a first ion sensitive area separating an internal buffer solution bathing the at least one electrode and an external sample solution; and a second ion sensitive area separating the internal buffer solution bathing the at least one electrode and an external buffer solution; wherein the at least one separating element, the first ion sensitive area, and the second ion sensitive area establish a charge flow circuit. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: A method for charging a metal-air battery pack at the maximum possible rate while maintaining an ambient oxygen concentration below a preset concentration is provided, thereby minimizing the risks associated with generating oxygen during the charging cycle.

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter relates to a microfluidic device for measuring an amount of a molecular species in a sample. The device comprises a body and an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly comprising at least one electrode coupled to the body. The device also includes a gas permeable membrane disposed on at least one electrode and a detector for measuring a current at each of the electrodes. Further, the device comprises a channel defined between a substantially planar substrate and planar cover glass. The presently disclosed subject matter also relates to methods of making the microfluidic device.

Abstract: The present techniques provide systems and methods for mounting an electrolyzer stack in an outer shell so as to allow for differential thermal expansion of the electrolyzer stack and shell. Generally, an electrolyzer stack may be formed from a material with a high coefficient of thermal expansion, while the shell may be formed from a material having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion. The differences between the coefficients of thermal expansion may lead to damage to the electrolyzer stack as the shell may restrain the thermal expansion of the electrolyzer stack. To allow for the differences in thermal expansion, the electrolyzer stack may be mounted within the shell leaving a space between the electrolyzer stack and shell. The space between the electrolyzer stack and the shell may be filled with a non-conductive fluid to further equalize pressure inside and outside of the electrolyzer stack.

Abstract: A magnetic flowmeter includes a pipe with a non-conductive PTFE liner, magnetic coils to generate a magnetic field, and electrodes in contact with the fluid on opposite sides of the pipe. The electrodes comprise conductive PTFE patch electrodes bonded to the non-conductive PTFE liner so that an inner end of each patch electrode is exposed to fluid flowing through the interior pipe and an outer end of each patch electrode is aligned with an electrode hole in the pipe.

Abstract: A polymeric film composition and a non-enzymatic glucose sensor including the functional polymeric film are provided. The polymeric film composition includes polyurethane and perfluorosulfonic acid polymer.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for measuring the total organic content of an aqueous stream. The apparatus comprises a platinum electrode for measuring CO2 in an aqueous stream. Methods for measuring the total organic content of an aqueous stream are also disclosed. The methods comprise providing an aqueous stream with oxidized organics therein; providing a platinum electrode, contacting the aqueous stream with the platinum electrode; applying cathodic potential followed by an anodic voltammetric sweep to the platinum electrode, and measuring the amperometric response of the platinum electrode. An apparatus for oxidizing organics in aqueous stream in an aqueous stream is also disclosed.

Abstract: A sensor with a sensor housing or body, a plastic molded table positioned in the sensor housing; and a counter electrode carried on a first end of the table.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sampling plate. In particular the invention relates to a sampling plate for measuring certain selected properties of a liquid sample, such as the glucose levels in a blood sample. Sampling plates of the present invention have a sample zone (20) for receiving a liquid sample and an overflow reservoir (26) linked to the sample zone (20) via an overflow channel (26a), so that excess blood sample can be redirected away from the sample zone (20) and contained.

Abstract: A measuring membrane for an optochemical or amperometric sensor for determining or monitoring an analyte located in a medium, comprising a substrate material and a sensor element, which has at least one functional layer with a sensor-specific substance. The sensor element is embedded completely in a matrix, and the matrix is composed of a material, which at least in a portion facing the medium and adjoining the sensor element is permeable for the analyte.

Abstract: Matrix materials such polymers derivatives to contain a redox active material can be used to form electrodes and probes suitable for use in pH meters and other analyte sensing devices.

Abstract: An ammonia sensor that includes an ionic liquid impregnated sensing electrode (anode) and a cathode separated by a membrane. During operation, in the presence of ammonia, the anode and cathode generate current manifesting the electrochemical reaction of ammonia in the sensing electrode. Ionic liquids distributed in the ionomer film in the gas diffusion electrodes ensure the reactivity under wide range of environment conditions while maintaining the ability of the device to quantify ammonia concentration in the environment. The sensor can therefore sustain long time operation without internal humidification due to the non-volatility of the ionic liquids.

Abstract: A proton conductive film, a method of producing the proton conductive film, and a highly sensitive humidity sensor are provided. The proton conductivity (room temperature, 95% RH) of the proton conductive film is 3×10?21 Scm?1 or more, and the proton conductive film is usable under a neutral-solvent atmosphere. A highly proton conductive polymer film made of an organic/metallic hybrid polymer film including: one or more metal ions selected from a group consisting of Fe ion, Co ion, Ru ion, Zn ion, and Ni ion; and bis(terpyridyl)benzene, is used.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to electrochemical gas sensors for the detection of combustible, flammable or toxic gases and to catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) used therein. The gas sensor comprises at least one solid anion exchange membrane (AEM), a sensing electrode and a counter electrode. The sensing electrode comprises catalytically active material and anionic ionomer material, the weight ratio between the catalyst material and the anionic ionomer material in the sensing electrode is in the range of 3/1 to 99/1, preferably in the range of 4/1 to 30/1. Due to the use of anion exchange ionomer materials, the sensor can be made less expensive and suitable for high volume production. When applied for the detection of CO, the sensor shows good CO selectivity S(CO/H2) in the presence of hydrogen.

Abstract: A monochloramine microsensor includes an elongated housing defining a central axis and an open interior and having a capillary opening at one end. A semi-permeable membrane covers the capillary opening, the semi-permeable membrane allowing diffusion of chloramines there-through while preventing water from entering into the interior of the housing. A chloramine sensitive element in the form of a wire, fiber or nanotube is mounted within the housing, the chloramine sensitive element, when used in conjunction with an anode, outputs current in an amount proportional to the concentration of chloramine present in a liquid sample in which the chloramine sensitive element is immersed. The chloramine sensitive element extends along a length of the central axis to a first end adjacent to and spaced from the semi-permeable membrane. The chloramine sensitive element is a gold wire, a platinum wire, a carbon fiber or a carbon nanotube.

Abstract: Provided is a galvanic cell type oxygen sensor including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte solution, and a first oxygen permeable membrane, wherein the concentration of oxygen detected before ordinary use of the sensor is controlled into the range of 0.1 to 4.0% by volume both inclusive, or the output voltage of the sensor before ordinary use of the sensor is controlled into the range of 2.5 to 20% both inclusive of the output voltage thereof at the time of the ordinary use.

Abstract: An oxide represented by Formula 1: (Sr2-xAx)(M1-yQy)D2O7+d, ??Formula 1 wherein A is barium (Ba), M is at least one selected from magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca), Q is a Group 13 element, D is at least one selected from silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), 0?x?2.0, 0<0?1.0, and d is a value which makes the oxide electrically neutral.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pH and conductivity sensor including a carrier comprising a plurality of conductive tracks and an exposed conductive area defining a reference electrode connected to a first track of said plurality of conductive tracks, a sensing device mounted on the carrier and connected to at least a second track of said plurality of conductive tracks, the sensing device including an exposed surface that is sensitive to H+ concentrations, and a plurality of electrodes adjacent to the exposed surface, an encapsulation covering the carrier, said encapsulation including a first cavity exposing a surface of the sensing device, and a second cavity exposing the exposed conductive area.

Abstract: An instrument and method for accurately measuring target analyte levels is a gas sample over an extended range. The instrument includes (i) a sensor effective for detecting the analyte, and (ii) a barrier film having limited permeability for the analyte covering the inlet orifice on the sensor for reducing the flux of analyte into the sensor. The method involves (a) sensing the flux of target analyte passing through the barrier film and into sensing contact with the sensor, and (b) reporting a concentration of analyte by multiplying a concentration value previously correlated to the sensed flux by the flux reduction factor of the barrier film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sampling plate. In particular the invention relates to a sampling plate for measuring certain selected properties of a liquid sample, such as the glucose levels in a blood sample. Sampling plates of the present invention have a sample zone (20) for receiving a liquid sample which is surrounded by an air porous body (4). The air porous body (4) acts to receive air from the sample zone (20) as it is displaced by an incoming liquid sample, thereby allowing efficient spreading of the liquid sample.

Abstract: The ionophore and polymer membrane selective for aluminum (III) ion provide an ionophore that is selective for aluminum (III) ion [Al3+]. The ionophore is diethyl (2-azobenzoic acid) malonate, which has the structure: The ionophore may be used as a dopant in a polymer membrane formed from a polymer matrix, e.g., poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), and that may also include a plasticizer, such as dioctylphthalate (DOP) and o-nitrophenylloctyl ether (o-NPOE). The polymer membrane may be incorporated into an ion selective electrode (ISE) that can be used as a potentiometric sensor for the detection of Al3+ ions in wastewater.

Abstract: An electrochemical test cell, containing an anode comprising a metal as an active component; a cathode comprising a porous chemically inert tube containing an active material compatible with the metal of the anode; and an electrolyte; wherein the only metal in contact with the electrolyte is the metal of the anode, is provided. This test cell is useful in a method to evaluate various combinations of materials for suitability as a combination for preparation of a battery.

Abstract: A coated-wire potentiometric sensor comprising an electronically conducting substrate electrode coated with an ionically conductive sensing layer and an outermost surface consisting of or comprising in and/or on a first molecular species which is capable of reversibly adsorbing a second molecular species and a method for measuring the affinity between a first molecular species and a second molecular species comprising the steps of: providing a potentiometric sensor of the coated-wire type having an outermost surface; adapting said outermost surface so that consists of or comprises said first molecular species; placing said sensor in a system for the recording of sensorgrams; recording a sensorgram of the adsorption of a second molecular species on said first molecular species of or comprised in and/or on said adapted outermost surface.

Abstract: A system for measuring pH includes a substrate and a sensor medium on the substrate. The sensor medium includes at least one oxidized carbon nanostructure and optionally at least one composition immobilized on the at least one oxidized carbon nanostructure. The at least one composition has at least one property that depends on pH. The system further includes at least one measurement system to measure a property of the sensor medium.

Abstract: A particulate matter detecting apparatus for an internal combustion engine that can estimate a discharge amount of the particulate matter accurately. The particulate matter detecting apparatus for an internal combustion engine, comprises: a sensor disposed at an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, the sensor including a pair of electrodes for detecting particulate matter in an exhaust gas; means for estimating a discharge amount of the particulate matter based on an output of the sensor, and means for acquiring a predetermined parameter that serves as an index for a rate with which the particulate matter in the exhaust gas is deposited on the sensor. The discharge amount estimating means corrects an estimated value of the discharge amount of the particulate matter based on the parameter acquired by the parameter acquiring means.

Abstract: An electrochemical oxygen sensor includes a micro-porous plastic membrane supported on a sealing disk and located between a gas inflow port and the sensor's electrolyte. The membrane and disk minimize thermal shock effects due to using the sensor at a first location, at a first temperature, and then moving it to a second location at a different temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biointerface membrane for use with an implantable device that interferes with the formation of a barrier cell layer including; a first domain distal to the implantable device wherein the first domain supports tissue attachment and interferes with barrier cell layer formation and a second domain proximal to the implantable device wherein the second domain is resistant to cellular attachment and is impermeable to cells. In addition, the present invention provides sensors including the biointerface membrane, implantable devices including these sensors or biointerface membranes, and methods of monitoring glucose levels in a host utilizing the analyte detection implantable device of the invention. Other implantable devices which include the biointerface membrane of the present invention, such as devices for cell transplantation, drug delivery devices, and electrical signal delivery or measuring devices are also provided.

Abstract: A dissolved oxygen sensor for use with a single use-bioreactor/container is provided. The bioreaction vessel includes a plastic wall defining a bioreaction chamber therein, and having an aperture therethrough. A membrane holder is attached to an inner surface of the plastic wall. The membrane holder has a cylindrical portion passing through the aperture. A sensor window membrane is coupled to the membrane holder proximate the aperture. The sensor window membrane has a high oxygen permeability, but forms a water-tight seal with the membrane holder.

Abstract: A cathodic material for use in an electrochemical sensor comprising: a carbonaceous material and an oxygen reduction catalyst associated with the carbonaceous material; and wherein the cathodic material does not materially exhibit catalytic activity for the oxidation of carbon monoxide. Associated electrochemical sensors may include an anode and cathode that are disposed upon the same or opposite sides of an ion exchange membrane and/or exposed to the same or different gaseous environments.

Abstract: For measuring concentrations of fluid-soluble gases with improved drift stability and low production costs, thus dispensing with tedious calibration and/or drift correction routines and re-membraning procedures, a sensor and a system are provided, comprising at least two electrodes, which are covered by sensor fluid at at least one detection site; and an ion-balancing means (50), for example a mixed-bed ion-exchange resin, in contact with the sensor fluid for removing polluting ions.

Abstract: A sensor body of an electrochemical gas sensor having no water reservoir is housed in a metal can including a sensing electrode on one surface of a proton-conducting membrane or a separator retaining an electrolyte and a counter electrode on the opposite surface thereof. The counter electrode is supported by and electrically connected to the metal can via a connecting member. The sensing electrode is connected to a diffusion control plate with the sensing electrode-side ring member, and the ring member is conductive and includes a hole at a center thereof that is connected to a hole of the diffusion control plate.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor for measuring the oxygen partial pressure in a process fluid, comprises an electrolyte-filled sensor body, which is covered on one side charged with the process fluid by an oxygen-permeable membrane, a cathode on the membrane, an annular guard electrode surrounding the cathode, which in measuring operation lies at the same potential as the cathode, an anode charged by the electrolyte in the sensor body, a reference electrode charged by the electrolyte in the sensor body, wherein between the anode and cathode a voltage can be applied, which is controlled between the cathode (8) and reference electrode at a constant polarization voltage and the measuring sensor current flowing in measuring operation between the cathode and anode is a measure for the oxygen partial pressure in the process fluid, and a test voltage source which can be switched in a testing mode between the cathode and guard electrode for producing test oxygen in the electrolyte and/or in the process fluid between the

Abstract: A detector includes a smoke detecting section that includes a light-receiving unit at a position at which the light-receiving unit does not directly receive light emitted by a light-emitting unit in a chamber in which a labyrinth for preventing light from directly entering from the outside and an insect net covering the rim of the labyrinth are provided, the light-receiving unit receiving light scattered by smoke flowing into the chamber. An opening hole is formed open in the surface of the cover receiving hot air current, of the detector. In the cover behind the opening hole, an electrochemical gas sensor is placed to bring gas generated by a fire through the opening hole into contact with an electrolyte solution to detect the gas by an electrode.