Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide methods and compositions that are used during electrophoretic deposition (EPD) processes. In one embodiment, a method for forming a metallization material during an EPD process is provided which includes positioning a substrate containing apertures disposed thereon, exposing the substrate to a flux agent to form a flux coating within the apertures, exposing the flux coating to an EPD mixture to form a particulate layer therein, and exposing the substrate to a reflow process to form a metallization layer within the apertures. Optionally, the particulate layer may be exposed to the flux agent prior to the reflow process. The EPD mixture generally contains a dielectric hydrocarbon fluid, metallic particles, and a liquid crystal material (LCM), such as a cholesteryl compound. In some embodiments, an abietic acid compound may be used as the flux agent, or alternatively, as the LCM.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fuel cell separator, the method including: subjecting the peripheral surfaces other than the respective gas passages of a pair of separator substrates formed from stainless steel to a cathodic electrolytic treatment within an alkali solution, thereby forming an iron-based hydrated oxide film on the peripheral surfaces of the pair of separator substrates (S200), conducting a water treatment by wetting the surface of the iron-based hydrated oxide film with water (S202), performing electrodeposition coating of an electrocoating material containing an aqueous resin onto at least one of the water-treated iron-based hydrated oxide films provided on the pair of separator substrates (S204), and baking the aqueous resin obtained by electrodeposition coating (S206).

Abstract: Methods for fabricating electrode structures on a substrate are presented. The fabrication method includes providing a substrate with a patterned metal layer thereon, defining an electrode area. A passivation glue is formed on the patterned metal layer. An electrode layer is formed in the electrode area. A filling process is performed to deposit nano metal oxides on the electrode layer to extensively fill the entire electrode area.

Abstract: A separator for use in a fuel cell has an iron-based hydrous oxide film formed on a passive film of a peripheral surface except a gas channel of a separator substrates of SUS by cathodic electrolysis treatment in an alkaline solution and further a resin layer of an electrodeposited water-soluble resin formed on the iron-based hydrous oxide film.

Abstract: A method of the present invention comprises: preparing the first substrate comprising a surface with a first recess and a second recess of which a bottom comprises a first electrode; immersing the first substrate into a electrolyte solution; inserting a second electrode into the electrolyte solution; injecting a bubble into the electrolyte solution with applying a voltage between the first and the second electrodes to dispose the bubble onto only the first recess; dispersing the first microstructure into the electrolyte solution to dispose it onto the first recess; injecting the bubble into the electrolyte solution to dispose the bubble onto the second recess; and dispersing the second microstructure into the electrolyte solution to dispose it onto the second recess.

Abstract: A process and method is described for the deposition of the enhanced chemical and electrochemical activity layers essential for the operation of a battery, fuel cell or other electrochemical devices like sensors. A precise and well-calibrated combination of agents with specific values, like exterior electric fields (direct current (d.c.), alternative current (a.c.), variable magnetic fields, and acoustic/elastic fields are used in tailoring of interface properties essential for the operation of the device with enhanced properties. This invention describes processes for doping the active interfaces in electrodes, leading to the enhancement of properties and to an increased degree of control via a synergistic combination of (any of the following): direct current (d.c.) field, variable alternative current (a.c.) field, variable acoustic/elastic field, variable magnetic field and a variation of the partial pressure of oxygen and/or other gases in the interior of the electrode deposition reactor.

Abstract: A method for depositing a coating of a nanostructure material onto a substrate includes: (1) forming a solution or suspension of containing the nanostructure material; (2) selectively adding “chargers” to the solution; (3) immersing electrodes in the solution, the substrate upon which the nanostructure material is to be deposited acting as one of the electrodes; (4) applying a direct and/or alternating current electrical field between the two electrodes for a certain period of time thereby causing the nanostructure materials in the solution to migrate toward and attach themselves to the substrate electrode; and (5) subsequent optional processing of the coated substrate.

Abstract: Nanodevice and method for in vivo monitoring and release of drugs are provided. The disclosed nanodevice is characterized in having a drug-loaded nanosphere that is capable of releasing the encapsulated drugs upon magnetically stimulation. The nanodevice may also be used as a contrast agent for in vivo imaging and monitoring the concentration and distribution of the released drugs and/or active compounds injected separately into a target site of a subject.

Abstract: Nanodevice and method for in vivo monitoring and release of drugs are provided. The disclosed nanodevice is characterized in having a drug-loaded nanosphere that is capable of releasing the encapsulated drugs upon magnetically stimulation. The nanodevice may also be used as a contrast agent for in vivo imaging and monitoring the concentration and distribution of the released drugs and/or active compounds injected separately into a target site of a subject.

Abstract: Disclosed is a production process of an electronic circuit that can efficiently form a highly accurate electrically conductive pattern. The production process comprises the steps of: adhering insulating particles onto an electrically conductive base material to form an insulating pattern comprising a pattern region and a nonpattern region on the electrically conductive base material; adhering electrically conductive particles to the nonpattern region by first electrophoretic treatment; removing the pattern region by second electrophoretic treatment; and transferring the electrically conductive particles onto a recording medium to form an electrically conductive pattern of the electrically conductive particles onto the recording medium.

Abstract: A process for applying a coating on aluminum substrates by anionic or cationic electrodeposition of an electrodeposition coating including an aqueous dispersion of one or more lanthanide series elements having a +3/+4 oxidation state and phosphated epoxy resin made by phosphating a polyepoxide with both phosphoric acid and an organophosphonic acid and/or an organophosphinic acid. The coating has a reduced tendency to form pinholes.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for fabricating a conductive film, and a conductive film fabricated by the same. The method comprises: forming a mixed solution consisting of at least one of a metallic precursor and a conductive polymer; spraying atomized droplets of the mixed solution on a surface of a substrate so as to form conductive frames; and coupling carbon nanotubes to the conductive frames so as to enhance electric conductivity. Accordingly, the conductive film can have enhanced electric conductivity, and can be easily fabricated.

Abstract: A method for protecting a thermal barrier coating (TBC) which comprises voids is described. The method involves the step of electrophoretically depositing a mitigation coating material such as alumina to fill at least a portion of the voids. The TBC is often applied over a metal substrate, such as a turbine engine component. The voids can be in the form of vertical cracks within the TBC. A thermal barrier coating is also described, containing voids which extend into the coating from a top surface, wherein at least a portion of the voids is filled with a mitigation coating material.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for coating a metal substrate with a yttrium-containing coating, including ferrous substrates, such as cold rolled steel and electrogalvanized steel. Also disclosed are coated substrates produced thereby.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for passivating metal substrates, including ferrous substrates, such as cold rolled steel and electrogalvanized steel. The methods comprise the steps of depositing an electropositive metal onto at least a portion of the substrate, followed immediately by electrophoretically depositing on the substrate a curable, electrodepositable coating composition. The present invention also relates to coated substrates produced by the above methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dental grinding bur with a coating material on an identification part that does not peel off easily and does not require formation of a groove in order to apply the coating material on the identification part. It includes a rod-shaped base 11, a grinding part 11b, which is at the tip of the base and fixated with abrasive grains, and an identification part 11a, which is at the periphery of the base adjacent to a grinding part and coated with an insulating, pigmented coating material. The identification part 11a has a uniform circumferential thickness, and the central portion of the identification part 11a is coated to be in a thick mountain-shaped curve. Consequently, forming of a groove for applying the coating material in the identification part is not needed, and the coating material on the identification part does not peel off easily.

Abstract: Accordingly, this invention provides a fastener system which is weldable to a substructure that overcomes the problems and disadvantages of the fasteners of the prior art. Generally, a weldable fastener is disclosed that has a coating applied to at least one surface of the fastener. The coating functions to prevent the deposit of a further coating, particularly an electrodeposition coating, upon further processing.

Abstract: A method for producing, and a product having, a surface nanopattern, wherein the method comprises the steps of: obtaining a substrate with a smooth surface; acquiring a self-assembling monolayer precursor, wherein the precursor includes an inducible, usually photocatalytically, active region and a substrate attachment region; mixing a plurality of the self-assembling monolayer precursors with the substrate to produce a self-assembled monolayer having an exposed surface comprising the inducible active regions and anchored to the substrate smooth surface by the substrate attachment regions; obtaining a path-directable nanoparticle; contacting the path-directable nanoparticle with the exposed surface at an interface area; exposing the exposed surface contacted with the path-directable nanoparticle to an inducing event, usually exposure to light, thereby chemically altering the inducible active regions and producing a detectable state in the interface area on the exposed surface; and applying a force of variable

Abstract: A method of forming a phosphor layer on a shadow mask of a plasma display panel (PDP) is described. The shadow mask is bonded with a deposition mask such that predetermined apertures on the former are aligned with the openings on the latter and the other apertures blocked by the latter. The two masks are loaded into an electrophoretic cell, where a kind of phosphor is attracted by the shadow mask to pass through the openings on the deposition mask and deposit on the internal walls of the exposed apertures of the shadow mask. The phosphor layer is then dried to remove the solvent. By repeating the above steps with different kinds of phosphor, deposition masks and electrophoretic cells, phosphor layers of three different colors can be formed on the shadow mask for fabricating a full-color PDP.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved two-layer coating system. The present invention relates to a process for forming a cured gradient coating film, comprising the steps of: applying an aqueous electrodeposition coating composition comprising at least two resins and a curing agent, on an electrically conductive substrate, heating a electrodeposition coating film to form a layer separation, and then, curing the electrodeposition coating film to form a cured gradient coating film; wherein the resins include one resin component constituting a resin layer (a) in direct contact with air before applying top coating and other resin component constituting a resin layer (b) in direct contact with the electrically conductive substrate, and, wherein a solubility parameter (?a) of a resin component A and a solubility parameter (?b) of a resin component B have a specific relationship.

Abstract: A method of forming an electron emitter includes the steps of: (i) forming a nanostructure-containing material; (ii) forming a mixture of nanostructure-containing material and a matrix material; (iii) depositing a layer of the mixture onto at least a portion of at least one surface of a substrate by electrophoretic deposition; (iv) sintering or melting the layer thereby forming a composite; and (v) electrochemically etching the composite to remove matrix material from a surface thereof, thereby exposing nanostructure-containing material.

Abstract: Steel cabinet parts and other steel objects are electrocoated in a cationic resin-containing bath. The steel objects are chromium-coated, free of phosphate and preferably free of chromium oxide. The products are not significantly subject to filiform corrosion, and the process is economically beneficial because throwpower is more easily controlled than in previous processes.

Abstract: Processes for forming a coating on electroconductive flat blanks having two major surfaces and sheared edges are provided. Also provided is a process for forming a multi- composite coating on a pre-sheared, electroconductive, flat blank having two major surfaces and sheared edges. Methods for forming and coating metal blanks are also provided. The present invention further provides a pre-sheared, flat electroconductive blank having two major surfaces and coated with a multi-layer composite coating composition on one major surface. The present invention also provides a method for coating a continuous metal strip, optionally, thereafter forming a coated blank therefrom, and, optionally, applying a second coating to the blank.

Abstract: Processes for forming a coating on electroconductive flat blanks having two major surfaces and sheared edges are provided. Also provided is a process for forming a multi-composite coating on a pre-sheared, electroconductive, flat blank having two major surfaces and sheared edges. Methods for forming and coating metal blanks are also provided. The present invention further provides a pre-sheared, flat electroconductive blank having two major surfaces and coated with a multi-layer composite coating composition on one major surface. The present invention also provides a method for coating a continuous metal strip, optionally, thereafter forming a coated blank therefrom, and, optionally, applying a second coating to the blank.

Abstract: A process for the production of a CED (cathodic electrodeposition) coating with improved adhesion towards subsequent layers by cathodic electrodeposition of a coating layer of a CED coating composition onto an electrically conductive substrate and thermal curing by baking in an indirectly heated circulating air oven operated with a proportion of fresh air in the circulating air of the oven of 0 to 20 vol. %, wherein the CED coating composition used contains at least one water-soluble metal nitrate corresponding to a quantity of 1 to 10 mmol of nitrate per 100 g of resin solids content, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of metals of atomic numbers 20 to 83, with the exception of chromium, arsenic, rubidium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, cadmium, antimony, caesium, osmium, iridium, platinum, mercury, thallium and lead, and wherein at most 50 area-% of the CED-coated substrate surface are rinsed with water prior to thermal curing.

Abstract: A method for the continuous selective electroplating of a metallic substrate material (10) and more particularly of a substrate material band having prestamped contact elements, comprises the following steps: a) the substrate material (10) is coated in an electrophoretic coating means (14) with an electrophoretic coating composition selective with at least one composition strip, b) the at least one composition strip is removed at those parts by means of a laser (40), which are to be electroplated, c) in an electroplating process a metal layer is applied to the areas (42) deprived of composition in at least one composition strip using selective electroplating and d) the at least one composition strip is then removed.

Abstract: Apparatus and method of making an ink-jet-ink-derived material image on a receiver. An ink jet device is used to form a coagulable ink image on a member, the ink image including a coagulable marking ink and a non-marking ink. Each smallest resolved imaging area of the ink image includes a predetermined mixed volume of the coagulable marking ink and the non-marking ink, the predetermined mixed volume being coagulable. Coagulates are formed within the coagulable ink image, and excess liquid is removed from the coagulates to form an ink-jet-ink-derived material image. The ink-jet-ink-derived image is transferred from the operational surface of the intermediate member to another member, which another member may be a receiver member, a drum or a web.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a field emission device cathode using electrophoretic deposition of carbon nanotubes in which a separate step of depositing a binder material onto a substrate, is performed prior to carbon nanotube particle deposition. First, a binder layer is deposited on a substrate from a solution containing a binder material. The substrate having the binder material deposited thereon is then transferred into a carbon nanotube suspension bath allowing for coating of the carbon nanotube particles onto the substrate. Thermal processing of the coating transforms the binder layer properties which provides for the adhesion of the carbon nanotube particles to the binder material.

Abstract: The quality of painted surfaces of polymeric articles is improved by depositing a coating of a metal such as zinc or zinc alloy on the surface of the article to be painted. For example, zinc is electrodeposited on a conductive surface of the article. The metal coated polymeric surface provides a good base for electrostatic deposition of either liquid or powder paint and the metal surface prevents the formation of defects in the painted surface during heating of the article to dry or cure the paint film.

Abstract: A method for providing a level surface onto which a metallic coating may be applied is provided. Articles formed using the method are also provided. The method involves leveling the surface of a substrate by applying an electrophoresis polymeric coating followed by a physical vapor deposition of a metallic coating.

Abstract: The quality of painted surfaces of polymer composites is improved by first forming an electroless metal coating on the molded surface of the composite and then electroplating a coating of zinc or zinc alloy on the metallized composite surface. The “galvanized” composite surface provides a good base for electrostatic deposition of either liquid or powder paint and the zinc surface prevents the formation of defects in the painted surface during heating of the composite to dry or cure the paint film.

Abstract: The invention provides a photodegradation resistant curable electrodepositable coating composition which includes one or more ungelled, active hydrogen-containing cationic sulfonium salt group-containing resins which are electrodepositable on a cathode, and one or more curing agents having cationic groups or groups which are capable of forming cationic groups. The invention also provides processes for coating an electroconductive substrate with the coating composition, to form single layer or multi-layer composite coatings. Also provided is a multi-layer composite coating in which the electrodepositable coating composition is used to form the primer layer. The compositions have improved throw power versus typical sulfonium salt electrodepositable compositions.

Abstract: According to the present invention, it is possible to save a predrying time and form a uniform film, because water having a high dielectric constant is heated selectively upon predrying of a waterborne coating with microwaves. Particularly when the surface to be coated is plastic, the above-described effect can be exhibited fully. In the method of forming a multilayer film by using a waterborne coating, use of microwaves makes it possible to prevent mixing of plural layers because they are adequately predried, to suppress the total drying time while maintaining good finished appearance and evenness of the coated surface and to attain saving of equipment and energy.

Abstract: A new coating method for light metal alloys in which an electrophoretic lacquering and a galvanic coating are combined. Thus, corrosion resistant surfaces having very good optical properties can be achieved, wherein an advantageous flexibility in view of material selection and layer thickness is preserved.

Abstract: Methods for use in the production of a display include providing a substrate assembly of a face plate of the display including a conductive surface at a first side thereof. One or more projections extend from the first side of substrate assembly. A patternable material, e.g., electrophoretically depositable resist, is electrophoretically deposited on at least the conductive surface and adjacent the projections. The method may further include patterning the patternable material for use in deposition of light emitting elements on the conductive surface. Light emitting elements of one or more colors may be formed. In addition, the substrate assembly including the conductive surface may have one or more nonconductive regions formed on the conductive surface; the one or more nonconductive regions having a predetermined thickness. A layer of patternable material is formed by electrophoresis over the conductive surface and over the one or more nonconductive regions.

Abstract: Improved biosensors are provided having excellent selectivity and stability properties, together with methods of preparing the biosensors. A preferred biosensor includes an electrode (12) having enzyme (16) deposited thereon together with a layer of electropolymerized polymer (18) intermingled with the enzyme (16); a crosslinked silane film (20) is applied over the polymer layer (18), and a final coating (22) of polyurethane is formed over the film (20). In preparative procedures, the enzyme (16) is electrodeposited using an aqueous enzyme solution containing a nonionic surfactant at a concentration level preferably in excess of the critical micelle concentration of the surfactant. In the case of a glucose sensor, the polymer layer (18) is preferably polyphenol, while the silane film is crosslinked (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane. The preferred biosensors have greatly enhanced selectivity stabilities.

Abstract: Process for the production of a three-dimensional substrate provided with a protective and decorative laminar structure, in which a primer layer of a coating composition (I) which is electrically conductive in the stoved state is applied without spraying onto an electrically conductive substrate and stoved, whereupon a substrate not yet in the desired three-dimensional shape is shaped, whereupon a second coating layer of an electrophoretically depositable coating composition (II) is electrophoretically deposited and stoved and whereupon a plastic film is applied.

Abstract: An improved electrocoagulation printing method is disclosed. A plurality of dots of colored, coagulated colloid representative of a desired image are formed on a moving, olefin-coated surface of a positive electrode, by electrocoagulation of a colloid present in an electrocoagulation printing ink filling an electrode gap defined between a positive electrode and a plurality of negative electrodes. The improvement comprises applying to selected negative electrodes a trigger signal of a voltage sufficient to energize same and cause point-by-point selective coagulation and adherence of the colloid onto the positive electrode surface opposite the surfaces of the energized electrodes. The trigger signal comprises at least two consecutive pulses having the aforesaid voltage and a predetermined pulse duration with a time interval therebetween at least as long as the pulse duration, thereby increasing the optical density of each dot and of the resulting image.

Abstract: Methods for forming adsorbent laminate structures particularly for use in pressure swing adsorption processes and devices are disclosed. One disclosed embodiment comprises providing a metal or alloy support and depositing adsorbent material onto the support by electrophoretic deposition. Adsorbent material also may be deposited on plural strips, which are then assembled into a laminate structure along the support. Adsorbers also are described comprising first and second wire mesh sheets having adsorbent material deposited on a first major planar surface thereof. The first and second sheets are placed adjacent one another and spaced sufficiently to define a flow channel. Another disclosed embodiment comprises plural wire mesh sheets having adsorbent material deposited on both first and second major opposed planar surfaces thereof, the sheets being spaced from each other to define a gas flow channel. The adsorber may include ventilation gaps to provide ventilation between flow channels.

Abstract: Processes for forming a coating on electroconductive flat blanks having two major surfaces and sheared edges are provided. Also provided is a process for forming a multi-composite coating on a pre-sheared, electroconductive, flat blank having two major surfaces and sheared edges. Methods for forming and coating metal blanks are also provided. The present invention further provides a pre-sheared, flat electroconductive blank having two major surfaces and coated with a multi-layer composite coating composition on one major surface. The present invention also provides a method for coating a continuous metal strip, optionally, thereafter forming a coated blank therefrom, and, optionally, applying a second coating to the blank.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for producing hollow ceramic membranes by electrophoretic deposition. The hollow ceramic membranes may have a small cross-sectional area of about 1.0×10−5 mm2 to about 25 mm2. The cross-sectional configuration of the hollow ceramic membranes may be any geometry such as circular, square, rectangular, triangular or polygonal. The hollow ceramic membranes produced by the methods of the present invention may have multiple layers but always the innermost layer, or the first deposited layer is porous and made by electrophoretic deposition. Subsequent layers may be porous or non porous and deposited before or after sintering the first layer. If it is deposited after sintering, it may require additional sintering steps. Additional layers may be deposited by further electrophoretic deposition, sol-gel coating, dip coating, vacuum casting, brushing, spraying or other known techniques.

Abstract: When coating workpieces, in particular vehicle bodies, the following coating layers are applied in succession and in a manner known per se: a primer layer in an electrophoretic dip coating process, a functional layer, an aqueous base coating layer and a clear coating layer. In order to configure this process in an environmentally compatible manner, in particular in order to avoid solvent emissions and coating sludge, the functional coating layer is also applied by an electrophoretic dip coating process and the clear coating layer is applied as a powder coating by electrostatic spraying, which coating is subsequently stoved. In this manner, it is possible to bring about an overall reduction in solvent emissions to approximately one sixth of the previous value of known processes and in coating sludge formation to approximately one third of the previous value.

Abstract: Electrokinetic fluid ejection is disclosed. A mechanism includes a sealed quantity of electrolytic solution, a measured quantity of fluid, and a membrane. The membrane is exposed to the electrolytic solution on one side, and exposed to fluid on another side. An electric potential applied to the electrolytic solution excites the solution, causing the membrane to discharge a droplet of fluid. This can be accomplished by the electrical potential pressuring the electrolytic solution, displacing the membrane and thus the fluid. This can also be accomplished by the electrical potential transferring energy to the solution, which transfers energy to the membrane. Energy is then transferred from the membrane to the fluid. The invention can be used as a manner by which inkjet printing is accomplished.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a multilayer coating film comprising the step (I) of coating an article to be coated with an electrodeposition coating containing two resin components incompatible with each other followed by curing by heating to form an electrodeposited coating film, the step (II) of applying a water-borne intermediate coating onto the electrodeposited coating film to form an uncured intermediate coating film, the step (III) of applying a water-borne base coating onto the intermediate coating film to form an uncured base coating film, the step (IV) of applying a clear coating onto the base coating film to form an uncured clear coating film and the step (V) of curing the intermediate coating film, the base coating film and the clear coating film simultaneously by heating to thereby obtain a multilayer coating film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a multilayer coating film comprising the step (I) of coating an article to be coated with an electrodeposition coating containing two resin components incompatible with each other followed by curing by heating to form an electrodeposited coating film, the step (II) of applying a water-borne intermediate coating onto the electrodeposited coating film to form an uncured intermediate coating film, the step (III) of applying a water-borne base coating onto the intermediate coating film to form an uncured base coating film, the step (IV) of applying a clear coating onto the base coating film to form an uncured clear coating film and the step (V) of curing the intermediate coating film, the base coating film and the clear coating film simultaneously by heating to thereby obtain a multilayer coating film.

Abstract: A polychromic image is reproduced and transferred onto a substrate by (a) providing a positive electrolytically inert electrode having a continuous passivated surface moving at constant speed; (b) coating the positive electrode surface with an olefinic substance; (c) forming on the olefin-coated positive electrode surface a plurality of colored pixels representative of a desired polychromic image and each comprising juxtaposed dots of differently colored, coagulated colloid, by electrocoagulation of a colloid present in an electrocoagulation printing ink; and (d) bringing a substrate into contact with the colored pixels to cause transfer of the colored pixels from the positive electrode surface onto the substrate and thereby imprint the substrate with the polychromic image.

Abstract: High resolution color displays for field emission displays are formed by applying a grille to a screen layer, the grille having a set of holes formed therein exposing areas of the screen layer. A layer of photoresist is applied to the grille and the exposed areas of the screen layer, whereby a plurality of photoresist-covered screen layer areas are defined. One set of the plurality of photoresist-covered screen layer areas is fixed, whereby a fixed set and an unfixed set are defined. The photoresist is removed from the unfixed set and a light emitting substance is deposited on the exposed screen layer area. The fixed set of photoresist is plasma etched.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for coating a substrate including electrodepositing an electrodepositable composition on the substrate, heating the coated substrate to cure the coating thereon, applying over the cured electrodeposited coating one or more pigment-containing coating compositions and/or one or more pigment-free coating compositions to form a top coat thereover, and heating the coated substrate to cure the top coat. The elecrodepositable composition is formed from an ungelled cationic salt group-containing resin where the salt groups are formed from pendant and/or terminal amino groups, and an at least partially blocked aliphatic polyisocyanate curing agent. Also provided is a photodegradation resistant multi-layer composite coating of a primer layer formed from the electrodepositable composition and a top coat thereover, where the composite coating exhibits substantially no interlayer delamination upon concentrated solar spectral irradiance exposure equivalent to two years outdoor weathering.

Abstract: Processes for forming a coating on electroconductive flat blanks having two major surfaces and sheared edges are provided. Also provided is a process for forming a multi-composite coating on a pre-sheared, electroconductive, flat blank having two major surfaces and sheared edges. Methods for forming and coating metal blanks are also provided. The present invention further provides a pre-sheared, flat electroconductive blank having two major surfaces and coated with a multi-layer composite coating composition on one major surface. The present invention also provides a method for coating a continuous metal strip, optionally, thereafter forming a coated blank therefrom, and, optionally, applying a second coating to the blank.

Abstract: This invention provides a car body coating process wherein the metal-exposed portion of a shell body, a part or whole of which has been made of plastics-covered metal plates, is electrocoated with use of an electrodeposition paint which contains no coloring pigment and has a bath solid content of at most 10% by weight and which is capable of forming a clear coating film.