Abstract: Disclosed is an electrokinetic-aeration-liquid injection combined remediation method for compound contaminated soil containing heavy metals and organic substances, and belongs to the field of contaminated soil remediation. According to the present application, in the combined remediation method, the electrokinetic remediation method enables water in soil to migrate from bottom to top to drive heavy metals and organic substances to be enriched towards the top; bubbles generated by the aeration method are diffused from the bottom to the top to drive volatile organic compounds to move towards the top soil. During liquid injection process, the electrolyte is driven to move from bottom to top under the action of electrokinetic remediation flow, which can keep the pH of the soil stable and remediate heavy metals and organic pollutants. The whole processes are simultaneously completed by adopting the dual-channel porous EKG electrode designed by the present application, which is efficient and convenient.

Abstract: A system for electrokinetic desalinization of soil may include at least one cathode including a hollow cathode tube perforated along its length to allow liquid water to pass through the cathode tube from an exterior thereof to an interior thereof, and a cathode conductor extending along an exterior surface of the cathode tube; at least one anode including a hollow anode tube perforated along its length to allow liquid water to pass through the anode tube from an exterior thereof to an interior thereof, and an anode conductor extending along an exterior surface of the anode tube; a make-up water line communicating with the interior of the anode tube; an anode discharge line communicating with the interior of the anode tube; and a cathode discharge line communicating with the interior of the cathode tube.

Abstract: This invention relates to environment protection, and discloses apparatus and method for electrokinetic in-situ leaching remediation of contaminated soil. The apparatus includes a DC electrical source, electrode chambers, electrodes, permeable reactive barriers (PRBs), electrode solution pH testers, electrode solution extraction tubes, a heating pipe network, a heat exchanger, leacheate sprayers, acid-base adjusting solution sprayers, a multichannel peristaltic pump, automatic control devices, an electrode solution storage tank, an electrode solution treatment pond, an in-line pump, single-channel peristaltic pumps, a flowmeter, a time control device, a leacheate storage tank, an acid solution storage tank, an alkali solution storage tank, and soil pH testers.

Abstract: This invention relates to environment protection, and discloses apparatus and method for electrokinetic in-situ leaching remediation of contaminated soil. The apparatus includes a DC electrical source, electrode chambers, electrodes, permeable reactive barriers (PRBs), electrode solution pH testers, electrode solution extraction tubes, a heating pipe network, a heat exchanger, leacheate sprayers, acid-base adjusting solution sprayers, a multichannel peristaltic pump, automatic control devices, an electrode solution storage tank, an electrode solution treatment pond, an in-line pump, single-channel peristaltic pumps, a flowmeter, a time control device, a leacheate storage tank, an acid solution storage tank, an alkali solution storage tank, and soil pH testers.

Abstract: A plasmon filter may include an element supportive of plasmon energy and having a plurality of openings through which a material may pass. A system includes a fluid filter supportive of evanescent energy, an evanescent field generator, a sensor, and/or other components. A corresponding method may include generating plasmons on the filter and exposing a material to the plasmon energy.

Abstract: The present invention describes methods and systems for extracting, capturing, reducing, storing, sequestering, or disposing of carbon dioxide (CO2), particularly from the air. The CO2 extraction methods and systems involve the use of chemical processes, mineral sequestration, and solid and liquid sorbents. Methods are also described for extracting and/or capturing CO2 via condensation on solid surfaces at low temperature.

Abstract: A system and method for dewatering particulate materials employs an improved dewatering probe generally including a single non-conducting pipe having a plurality of holes or slots, an anode mounted on the pipe adjacent one end of the pipe, and a cathode mounted on the pipe adjacent the opposite end of the pipe. The pipe serves as both a sonde for mounting the anode and cathode and as a well for extracting water that collects around the outside of the pipe and flows into the interior of the pipe through the holes or slots via gravitational and electro-osmotic forces. A pump may be used to extract both collected water and accumulated electrolytic gases from the pipe's interior. In embodiments, an array of guide electrodes is mounted on the pipe in addition to the anode and the cathode in order to deflect the major current flow out into the body of surrounding particulate materials. The guide electrodes also facilitate rapid depolarization of the probe.

Abstract: A method for installation of a flexible resin impregnable liner for lining a lateral pipe which leads into a main pipe having at one end a flexible collar for installation at the location where the lateral liner meets the main, wherein after installation the collar extends along the interior of the main seating against the opening of the lateral. The flexible liner is installed by inserting the liner into the lateral pipe and using fluid under pressure to expand the lining against the lateral wall to form seals with the collar at the lateral/main pipe junction.

Abstract: The invention provides microfabricated silicon substrates and devices having extremely small apertures (termed “nanoapertures”) and methods for producing such nanoapertures. The devices have a nanoaperture (which may have a diameter ranging from about a few millimeters to as small as a few nm) across a substrate effective to connect two regions separated by the substrate. The devices are suitable for the formation of lipid bilayer membranes across the apertures, and for use in devices such as biosensors. Substrates and devices may include multiple nanoapertures, which may each support a lipid bilayer membrane, allowing fault tolerant devices such as fault-tolerant biosensors, and allowing devices able to sense more than one target molecule.

Abstract: An electrokinetic geosynthetic (EKG) structure comprising conductive geosynthetic material wherein the conducting geosynthetic material comprises an open mesh structure, and a method of consolidating a substrate and in particular a cohesive soil substrate using such a structure.

Abstract: A bipolar electrolytic cell can include, as a manifold, a spiral manifold assembly. This spiral manifold assembly will comprise a first outer assembly member, a second outer assembly member and a center assembly member. The overall structure can provide reduced loss of metal or gas and minimal loss of electrical current during an electrolytic process.

Abstract: Method for collecting and concentrating charged species, specifically, contaminant species in a medium, preferably soil. The method utilizes electrokinesis to drive contaminant species into and through a bed adjacent to a drive electrode. The bed comprises a moderately electrically conductive adsorbent material which is porous and is infused with water or other solvent capable of conducting electrical current. The bed material, preferably activated carbon, is easily removed and disposed of. Preferably, where activated carbon is used, after contaminant species are collected and concentrated, the mixture of activated carbon and contaminant species is removed and burned to form a stable and easily disposable waste product.

Abstract: Methods for controlling electroosmotic flow through a porous medium by applying an electric field between a plurality of electrodes positioned in a porous medium, supplying an acid solution to at least one of the electrodes and/or the soil, and supplying a zeta potential modifying compound to at least one of the electrodes is disclosed. The methods can be used to separate organic as well as inorganic contaminants from porous mediums.

Abstract: Methods for determining the parameters critical in designing an electrokinetic soil remediation process including electrode well spacing, operating current/voltage, electroosmotic flow rate, electrode well wall design, and amount of buffering or neutralizing solution needed in the electrode wells at operating conditions are disclosed These methods are preferably performed prior to initiating a full scale electrokinetic remediation process in order to obtain efficient remediation of the contaminants.

Abstract: To decontaminate soil, a generally thin porous medium is used. A cathode is applied to one face of the porous medium and an anode is spaced apart from the other face of that porous medium to define a generally thin spacing for receiving a generally thin layer of soil to be decontaminated. An electric potential is applied to the first and second electrodes in view of transferring the contaminants from the thin layer of soil to the porous medium. A porous membrane may be positioned between the thin layer of soil and the anode. The system may be of the conveyor type to enable displacement of the porous medium, the porous membrane, and the layer of soil between the anode and the cathode. Also, the system may comprises a series of at least two pairs of anode and cathode supplied with electric potentials of different amplitudes.

Abstract: A method is described for the in-situ cleaning by means of microorganisms of a polluted soil portion which contains ground water. In this method, the soil portion to be cleaned is enclosed, and one or several electrodes which are permeable to liquid are placed in or adjacent the soil portion. A negative or positive voltage is applied to these electrodes. The enclosure of the polluted soil portion takes place in such a manner that the ground water present in the soil portion flows mainly through the one or several electrodes.

Abstract: A method is provided for the electrokinetic decontamination of land or other material comprising soil in which a direct current is applied between at least one cathode (2) and at least one anode (4) positioned in or on said soil. The anode (4) is a carbon felt wrapped around current (10) and electrolyte feeders and the cathode (2) is contained in a porous housing (6) through which electrolyte is able to pass. On application of current there is electrokinetic movement of cations and other soil contaminants towards the cathode which pass through the porous housing and into the catholyte. The thus loaded catholyte is circulated through a treatment plant.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for soil remediation replaces specific ions in the soil electrochemically, using a DC voltage source and special multicompartment anodes and cathodes, each comprising an inner compartment containing electrolyte and a submerged electrode, a salt bridge connecting the electrolyte to an outer compartment containing a specific solution with replacement ions for soil remediation, and a membrane holding in the replacement solution. The membrane is put into contact with the soil, allowing electrical contact and ion migration while keeping the solution inside the anode or cathode. The multicompartment structure prevents the hydroxide and hydronium ion emplacement that causes acid and base fronts to form.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrokinetic soil decontamination method using closely spaced like electrode assemblies, special panel electrode configurations, an electrode emplacement process which leaves the soil in-situ, and a purge fluid conditioning and circulation process that results in reduced costs for soil decontamination. Panel electrode assemblies, tubular electrode assemblies and treatment panel assemblies are also disclosed.