Abstract: A desalter/dehydrator system that comprises a pressure vessel, and first and second distribution headers disposed within the pressure vessel. The first distribution header is configured to inject an oil/water emulsion at a location within an electric field generated within the pressure vessel. The second distribution header is configured to inject the oil/water emulsion at a location below an electric field generated within the pressure vessel.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a nozzle for dispensing a treatment liquid in which plasma is generated. The nozzle includes a body having an interior space, a liquid supply unit that supplies the treatment liquid into the interior space, and electrodes that generate the plasma in the interior space. The liquid supply unit supplies the treatment liquid in a bubbling state into the interior space, or causes the treatment liquid to bubble in the interior space.

Abstract: A paraffin control unit with staged high voltage temperature controlled electric immersion heaters to maintain the paraffin component of the crude oil in the liquid phase. The paraffin control unit removes large volumes of naturally occurring fine sand from the incoming liquids while also removing the crude oil from the influent fluid stream, the natural gas from the influent fluid stream, salt water from the influent fluid stream, all while maintaining the temperature of the crude oil fraction above the cloud point of its paraffin constituent. The removed sand is collected in sand pans and is automatically removed at timed intervals. The automation assures that the accumulating sand is removed from the sand pans as rapidly as it accumulates, thus preventing an over-accumulation of sand. The process fluids flow through a coalescer and a baffle assembly which purify and separate the component phases suitable for custody transfer.

Abstract: The invention proposes a device for decaffeinating a liquid. The device includes at least one cathode electrode and at least one anode electrode which are spaced apart and which are immersed in the liquid; a power supply coupled to the at least one cathode electrode and the at least one anode electrode and configured to apply power thereto, wherein the at least one cathode electrode and the at least one anode electrode are configured to generate an electric field in the liquid upon application of the power to attract caffeine molecules in the liquid to the at least one cathode electrode; wherein the at least one cathode electrode is made of or coated with an absorbing material configured to absorb at least part of the caffeine molecules that are attracted to the at least one cathode electrode.

Abstract: A system for improving oil-water separator performance wherein an electrostatic coalescer (15) is located upstream of a cyclonic oil-water separator (16). Preferably, the electrostatic coalescer is able to be bypassed and/or is located in parallel with a mechanical coalescer (17). In the case of parallel arrangement, selection of the flow path route between the electrostatic coalescer (15) and mechanical coalescer (17) is determined by use of an upstream phase detector (18).

Abstract: A fluid conditioning control system for driving one or more coils in a fluid conditioning system with a target load current to generate an alternating magnetic field directed at a fluid, the control system comprising a controller, a switch mode power supply circuit and a push pull AC drive circuit, wherein the controller is arranged to develop a first variable output having a frequency range that sweeps between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency, and further arranged to develop a second variable output in the form of a duty cycle controlled signal, wherein the switch mode power supply circuit is arranged to develop a variable supply voltage to the AC drive circuit in response to the second variable output and a current sense circuit, and the AC drive circuit is arranged to develop a drive signal for developing a target load current in response to the first variable output and the variable supply voltage, thereby forming a current feedback loop.

Abstract: An electrolyte system includes a reactor having a pair of electrodes that may sorb ions from an electrolyte. The electrolyte system also includes at least one power supply in electrical communication with the reactor. The at least one power supply may supply a DC signal and an AC signal to the pair of electrodes during sorption of the ions. In addition, the power supply may supply only the AC signal to the pair of electrodes during desorption of the ions.

Abstract: A method of operating an electrochemical cell stack is provided. The method includes feeding a reactant gas to the cell stack. The flow of the reactant gas is halted to at least one cell in the cell stack. The voltage applied to the at least one cell is increased. The flow of reactant gas to the at least one cell is initiated in response to the voltage increasing above a threshold for a predetermined amount of time.

Abstract: A system for performing ozone water treatment comprises a voltage supply circuit and a plasma eductor reactor. The voltage supply circuit includes an H-bridge controller and driver, a transformer, and an output port. The H-bridge controller and driver are configured to switch the electrical polarity of a pair of terminals. A primary of the transformer is connected to the H-bridge driver and controller. A secondary of the transformer connects in parallel with a first capacitor and in series with an inductor and a second capacitor. The output port connects in parallel with the second capacitor. The plasma eductor reactor includes an electric field generator, a flow spreader, and a diffuser. The electric field generator includes a pair of electrodes that generate an electric field. The flow spreader supplies a stream of oxygen. The diffuser supplies a stream of water. The streams of water and oxygen pass through the electric field.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for improved recovery of deionised water from a feed water stream, comprising the steps of: (i) delivering the feed water stream in to a capacitive deionisation cell; (ii) measuring the salt concentration of the water exiting the capacitive deionisation cell; (iii) collecting the water exiting the cell, when the salt concentration is lower than a predetermined lower set point, to prepare purified water or rejecting the water exiting the cell when the salt concentration is higher than a predetermined upper set point; wherein the water exiting the cell is recycled with the feed water stream when the salt concentration of the water exiting the cell is between the lower set point and the upper set point. By this process the waste water produced during capacitive deionization can be recycled so as to improve total recovery of water as well as to enhance the life of the electrodes of the capacitive deionisation cell.

Abstract: A deionization apparatus for regenerating electrodes using vibration and a method of controlling the same. The deionization apparatus includes electrodes to which ions contained in a fluid are absorbed, and a piezoelectric element to separate the ions absorbed to the electrodes by vibration. Since the ions absorbed to the electrodes are separated using mechanical energy generated by the piezoelectric element, it may be possible to more rapidly perform regeneration of the electrodes.

Abstract: There are provided an active regeneration method for a deionization module, and a water treatment apparatus using the same. The water treatment apparatus may include: a power applying unit applying power to the deionization module in order to perform a regeneration process a regeneration parameter measuring unit measuring a regeneration parameter of the deionization module when the power is applied; and a controlling unit terminating the regeneration process, based on the measured regeneration parameter.

Abstract: Water treatment, reconditioning, and reclamation systems and methods are described. The systems utilize two treatment vectors. The first treatment vector is created by flowing electrical current through a first conductive rod. The second treatment vector is created by delivering a magnetic pulse by way of a second conductive rod. Water to be treated is exposed to the two vectors simultaneously, which is accomplished by creating relative motion between the conductive rods and the water, either by moving the conductive rods or by moving the water. The electric current of the first treatment vector and the voltage and frequency of the magnetic pulse of the second treatment vector may be reduced as the treatment process proceeds. During treatment, total dissolved solids (TDS) rise and congeal at the top of the water. The congealed TDS are removed from the water. An additional filtering process may be applied.

Abstract: Provided are water treatment apparatus and method for controlling water treatment apparatus. The water treatment apparatus includes a filtering unit including a deionizing filter removing total dissolved solids contained in inflow water by an application of power, a water output unit outputting water filtered by the filtering unit; and a control unit controlling power that is applied to the deionizing filter to control total dissolved solids (TDS) contained in water filtered by the deionizing filter, or a reduction rate of total dissolved solids by the deionizing filter.

Abstract: A water decontaminization system and method which utilizes an apparatus for producing hydroxyl ions through hydrolysis of water molecules to oxydize contaminents in the water. The apparatus includes a water chamber with an input water conduit and an output water conduit to establish a water flow in the chamber, in which electrodes positioned in the water chamber apply a voltage potential which causes electric current to flow through the water to create hydroxyl ions in the water, in a manner effective to kill contaminents such as viruses, bacteria, algae, organic substances, etc.

Abstract: A water treatment system provides treated water to a point of use by removing at least a portion of any hardness-causing species contained in water from a water source, such as municipal water, well water, brackish water and water containing foulants. The water treatment system typically receives water from the water source or a point of entry and purifies the water containing at least some undesirable species before delivering the treated water to a point of use. The water treatment system has a pressurized reservoir system in line with an electrochemical device such as an electrodeionization device. The water treatment system can have a controller for adjusting or regulating at least one operating parameter of the treatment system or a component of the water treatment system. The electrochemical device can be operated at a low current and low flow rate to minimize water splitting or polarization, which minimizes scale formation.

Abstract: A high temperature high pressure electrostatic treater and method of use are described for removing water from heavy crude oil. The electrostatic treater is comprised of a vessel with a wet bitumen inlet and water outlet in the upper portion of the vessel, a dry bitumen outlet in the lower portion of the vessel, a plurality of electrodes on an electrically isolating support inside the vessel, an entrance bushing, and an interface control to regulate the flow of water through the water outlet. The water outlet is located above the dry bitumen outlet. The electrostatic treater and method reduce the amount of diluent needed to process the heavy crude when compared to the prior art.

Abstract: A method of operating an apparatus to remove ions, the method including allowing water to flow in between a first and a second electrode of a capacitor, charging the capacitor with an electrical charge via a controller in order to attract ions into the electrodes; and releasing ions from the electrodes by releasing electrical charge from the capacitor via the controller. During a subsequent charging step, charging of the capacitor may be controlled with the controller by applying an electrical charge which does not substantially exceed a quantity of electrical charge released from the capacitor during the releasing of ions to keep the capacitor in balance.

Abstract: A fluid treatment apparatus comprises an electrochemical cell having fluid orifices to receive input fluid and release output fluid, the input fluid having a first level of a microorganism. First and second electrodes are about a water-splitting membrane in the electrochemical cell. A valve controls the flow of fluid through fluid orifices of the electrochemical cell. A power supply supplies a current to the first and second electrodes. A control module comprises program code to operate the valve to flow the input fluid into a fluid orifice of the electrochemical cell and provide a residence time of the fluid in the cell of at least 0.05 minutes, while controlling the power supply to supply to the first and second electrodes, a current having a current density of from about 0.01 to about 20 mA/cm2.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte producing system includes a supercapacitor desalination device comprising a power supply and a supercapacitor desalination unit. The supercapacitor desalination unit includes a pair of electrodes electrically coupled to the power supply and operable in a charging mode of operation and a discharging mode of operation. A feeding source is configured to provide a feed liquid to the supercapacitor desalination unit when the supercapacitor desalination unit is in the charging mode of operation. The feed liquid comprises at least one determined electrolyte. A crystallization device is providing for receiving a concentrated liquid from the supercapacitor desalination device in the discharging mode of operation, the concentrated liquid being a saturated liquid or supersaturated liquid of the at least one determined type of electrolyte. The at least one determined type of electrolyte precipitates in the crystallization device as solid electrolyte.

Abstract: The plasma-generating apparatus includes a treatment vessel 509 containing to-be-treated water 510, a first electrode 504 and a second electrode 502 within the treatment vessel, a bubble-generating part which generate a bubble 506 such that a surface where conductor of the first electrode 504 is exposed to the to-be-treated water is positioned within the bubble 506, a gas-supplying apparatus 505 which supplies gas to the bubble-generating part, a pulsed power supply 501 connected to the first and the second electrodes 502 and 504, a control apparatus 520 which controls one or both of the gas-supplying apparatus and the power supply such that the voltage is applied between the first and the second electrodes 502 and 504 when at least surface where the conductor of the first electrode 504 is exposed is positioned within the bubble.

Abstract: Electrostatic filters, systems and methods having separate positively and negatively charged filter elements within electrically isolated filter tanks for electrostatically filtering particles from a fluid flow. Both positive charged connections biased to earth ground and negative charged connections biased to earth ground are made to the respective positive and negative charged filter elements, along with triboelectric induced charge accumulations from the fluid flow, for separating charged particles within the fluid flowing parallel through these oppositely charged filter elements. Variable resistors of a power supply connected to such filters, systems and methods provide for controlling and adjusting for any undesired voltage excesses and/or shortfalls within these filter tanks so that the fluid flowing exiting these filter tanks is unbiased to generate a filtered fluid having balanced electrostatic charges.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus is provided. In the water treatment apparatus, a filter unit includes a first electrochemical filter and a second electrochemical filter for filtering raw water. A control unit drives the first electrochemical filter and the second electrochemical filter. The first electrochemical filter and the second electrochemical filter are installed in parallel. The control unit controls the second electrochemical filter to perform a water purifying operation when the first electrochemical filter needs to be recycled.

Abstract: A system comprising a plurality of stacks and a plurality of converters, each of the plurality of converters is operable to charge a corresponding stack for adsorbing ions in a liquid, wherein when one of the plurality of stacks is charged or discharged at a first state, one of the plurality of converters associating with the stack operates in a first mode, and is configured to indirectly convert a first voltage to a second voltage at least by an intermediate stage, one of the plurality of stacks is charged or discharged at a second state, one of the plurality of converters associating with the stack operates in a second mode, and is configured to directly convert the first voltage to the second voltage.

Abstract: A capacitive deionization device includes; at least one flow path configured to receive influent fluid, at least one pair of electrodes, at least one charge barrier disposed between the at least one flow path and a corresponding electrode of the at least one pair of electrodes, at least one electrolyte solution disposed between at least one of the at least one pair of electrodes and a corresponding charge barrier of the at least one charge barrier, and at least one electrolyte compensation device in fluid communication with the at least one electrolyte solution, wherein the at least one electrolyte solution differs from the influent fluid.

Abstract: A microparticle sorting apparatus includes a detection unit which detects microparticles flowing through a flow path; an imaging device which images a droplet containing the microparticles which is discharged from an orifice provided on an edge portion of the flow path; a charge unit which applies a charge to the droplets; and a control unit which determines a delay time as from a time that the microparticles are detected by the detection unit to the time at which a number of bright spots in a standard region, which is set beforehand, of image information imaged by the imaging device reaches the maximum, making it possible for the charge unit to apply a charge to the microparticles once the delay time has lapsed after the microparticles are detected by the detection unit.

Abstract: Flow-through condenser cell (1) for purifying a fluid containing ionized particles, which comprises a containment structure wherein a plurality of electrode layers (3) faced to each other and a plurality of spacer layers (4) interposed between the electrode layers (3) and susceptible of being passed through by a fluid flow containing ionized particles, whereby they are susceptible of being passed through perpendicular to the thickness thereof, are housed compressed. The cell further comprises compensation means for controlling the compression exerted by the containment structure on the layers.

Abstract: A separating system for separating a fluid mixture incorporates a smart surface having reversibly switchable properties. A voltage is selectively applied to the smart surface to attract or repel constituents of a fluid mixture, such as oil and water produced from a hydrocarbon well. The smart surface can be used in a conditioner to increase droplet size prior to entering a conventional separator, or the smart surface and other elements of the invention can be incorporated into an otherwise conventional separator to enhance separation. In a related aspect, a concentration sensor incorporating smart surfaces senses concentration of the fluid mixture's constituents.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide methods of removing ions from a feed water stream using a flow-through capacitor and a controller for performing the methods. A target value for a water property concentration or a fixed percent removal of a water property concentration to be removed is established for a treated water stream exiting the flow-through capacitor. A feed value for the water property concentration is measured in a feed water stream entering the flow-through capacitor. An amperage of the flow-through capacitor and a flow rate through the flow-through capacitor is controlled to remove ions from the feed water stream to achieve the desired removal of the water property.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a control valve assembly and method of fault detection that includes adjusting a valve between an operating position and a fault position in response to various fault conditions. The control valve assembly is adjustable to accommodate fault conditions encountered in a variety of electrochemical deionization systems.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method of regenerating a capacity of a flow-through capacitor. A target value for a water property concentration in a discharge water stream exiting the flow-through capacitor is established. A feed value for the water property concentration in a feed water stream entering the flow-through capacitor is measured. An amount of the water property concentration to be added to the feed water stream is calculated based on the feed value to achieve the target value for the water property concentration in the discharge water stream. An amperage of the flow-through capacitor and a flow rate through the flow-through capacitor is controlled to add ions to the feed water stream to achieve the target value for the water property concentration in the discharge water stream. In some embodiments, the amperage can be set and the flow rate controlled to achieve the target concentration.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method to remove ions from water. The apparatus has a housing, an inlet to let water into the housing, an outlet to let water out of the housing, a first and second electrode connected to a power supply configured to create an electrical potential difference between the first and the second electrodes, and a spacer between the first and second electrodes to allow water to flow in between the first and second electrodes. The apparatus includes a velocity adjuster constructed and arranged to adjust a flow velocity of a first portion of the water flowing between the first and second electrodes with respect to a second portion of the water flowing between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: An apparatus for disinfecting a fluid has a fluid-containing structure; an inward-facing first electrically conductive cylindrical body contained within said fluid-containing structure; an outward-facing electrically conductive-second cylindrical body disposed within said first cylindrical body, in mutually facing parallel and coaxial relation thereto, and spaced apart therefrom to define a fluid-occupiable cavity; a power supply electrically coupled between said first cylindrical body and said second cylindrical body, said power supply producing therebetween an electric field, said field comprising a waveform approximating a series of alternating square wave pulses of opposite polarity, said pulses having a maximum absolute value of approximately 60 volts per centimeter, a complete cycle of said waveform, comprising a first pulse and a succeeding pulse of opposite polarity, recurring with a frequency of between about 2 kHz: and about 5 kHz and providing about 2 amps to about 4 amps.

Abstract: Disclosed is a universal adapter including a magnetic module that is coupled between a water pipe and a spray member for spraying tap water regardless of equipped sites of various spray members to produce ionized water. The universal adapter includes: a magnet module including a body having a passage pipe of a nonferrous metal material in an interior thereof and having a plurality of accommodating recesses disposed on opposite sides thereof with respect to the passage pipe, a plurality of permanent magnets accommodated within the accommodating recesses; and a housing including a mounting hole formed in an interior of the housing and through which the magnet module is mounted, a first coupling portion having a screw thread on an outer periphery, and a second coupling portion having a screw thread on an inner periphery.

Abstract: An electric separating apparatus has a separating tank and an electrical control. The separating tank has at least one first electrode panel, a second electrode panel, an upper separating region and a lower separating region. The electrode panels are vertically mounted in the separating tank to form the separating regions. The electrical control is electrically connected to the separating tank and has a transformer, a high-power resistor, a first A/C transformer, a second A/C transformer and a control unit. The transformer is electrically connected to an A/C source and the electrode panels. The high-power resistor is electrically connected to the transformer and the at least one first electrode panel in series. The A/C transformers are respectively connected to the high-power resistor and the electrode panels. The control unit is electrically connected to the A/C transformers to determine an electrical impedance of a liquid mixture in the tank.

Abstract: Water treatment, reconditioning, and reclamation systems and methods are described. The systems utilize two treatment vectors. The first treatment vector is created by flowing electrical current through a first conductive rod. The second treatment vector is created by delivering a magnetic pulse by way of a second conductive rod. Water to be treated is exposed to the two vectors simultaneously, which is accomplished by creating relative motion between the conductive rods and the water, either by moving the conductive rods or by moving the water. The electric current of the first treatment vector and the voltage and frequency of the magnetic pulse of the second treatment vector may be reduced as the treatment process proceeds. During treatment, total dissolved solids (TDS) rise and congeal at the top of the water. The congealed TDS are removed from the water. An additional filtering process may be applied.

Abstract: Electrostatic filters, systems and methods having separate positively and negatively charged filter elements within electrically isolated filter tanks for electrostatically filtering particles from a fluid flow. Both positive charged connections biased to earth ground and negative charged connections biased to earth ground are made to the respective positive and negative charged filter elements, along with triboelectric induced charge accumulations from the fluid flow, for separating charged particles within the fluid flowing parallel through these oppositely charged filter elements. Variable resistors of a power supply connected to such filters, systems and methods provide for controlling and adjusting for any undesired voltage excesses and/or shortfalls within these filter tanks so that the fluid flowing exiting these filter tanks is unbiased to generate a filtered fluid having balanced electrostatic charges.

Abstract: A fluid treatment device is disclosed. The fluid treatment device includes at least a first electrode and a second electrode in direct contact with the fluid. The fluid treatment device may include a control device which adjusts a parameter of an alternating potential difference provided between the first electrode and the second electrode based on the indication of the conductivity between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A component separating device includes a flow channel, an acoustic wave generator for generating an acoustic wave in the flow channel, a first inlet channel for introducing a fist solution containing solid particles into the flow channel, a second inlet channel for introducing a second solution, and outlet channels for discharging a solution from the flow channel. A density grade generator is provided at the first inlet channel for forming a density grade of the solid particles. This component separating device extracts the solid particles into a high-purity solution at a high collecting rate.

Abstract: A static desalter simulator apparatus has a housing for containing a liquid bath and a rack disposed within the housing. The rack is formed of at least two substantially parallel plates separable by a plurality of spacers. An electric field is generatable between the plates, and at least one of the plates includes at least one recess. The apparatus also includes at least one mixing tube for containing an oil-water emulsion, which is positionable within at least one of the recesses. A controller is operatively connected to a mixing tube. An imaging device for generating a digital image or video during a demulsification process is in a mixing tube.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electro-penetrative type sludge weight reducing apparatus, which can uniformly dehydrate sludge by gradually applying the same pressure over an entire surface of the sludge and applying the same voltage to the sludge and includes a sludge supplier, which can minutely and precisely control a compression height for the sludge according to characteristics and a thickness of the sludge and maximize a moisture reducing efficiency of the sludge by uniformly supplying the sludge having a desired thickness to an entire width of a conveyor belt and an electrode plate with improved insulation safety.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for preventing scaling and/or removing scale in a housing defining a hydraulic environment. The apparatus includes a non-metallic element, at least two coils wound around the element, and a control means. The non-metallic element is retrofittable or incorporable into the housing. The control means is operably coupled to the coils for provision of a magnetic field. The control means includes a microcontroller adapted to cooperate with a switching amplifier to form a closed loop for generation of the magnetic field of a predetermined strength.

Abstract: An oil cleaning device is provided with: at least a first electrostatic cleaner comprising at least one voltage source, and at least two metal plates connected to said voltage source; and at least one free radical sensor for determining the content and/or type of free radicals in the oil.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for automatically operating a high voltage resonance circuit. An embodiment of the system includes one or more coils each coil can be an alternating current (AC) coil or a direct current (DC) coil. An embodiment of the system further includes a microprocessor that issues commands to control amplitude and frequency of pulses of the one or more coils to reach and maintain a resonant condition for water treatment. The microprocessor determines whether a coil is an AC coil or a DC coil by detecting whether a capacitor is connected in series with the coil. An embodiment of the system further includes one or more sensors that measure the quality of water and provide feedback to the microprocessor.

Abstract: An electrostatic coalescer includes an outer wall defining a flow path for receiving a process fluid. A plurality of electrode plates is disposed within the flow path. A controller includes an inductor and a signal generator. The inductor is coupled in parallel with the plurality of electrode plates. The inductor and the plurality of electrode plates define a resonant circuit. The signal generator is coupled to the plurality of electrode plates and operable to apply an alternating current signal to the plurality of electrode plates at a frequency corresponding to a resonant frequency of the resonant circuit in the presence of the process fluid. The signal generator varies the frequency of the alternating current signal based on a positive feedback signal received from the resonant circuit to maintain resonance.

Abstract: A fluid treatment device including a source of electrical voltage having a first and second terminal, a pulse generator connected to the first terminal and the second terminal and outputting a pulsed voltage wave signal between a third terminal and a fourth terminal, at least one coil positioned adjacent at least one fluid conduit, being electrically connected to the third and fourth terminals and at least one capacitor also being electrically connected to the third and fourth terminals to form a first circuit with an inductance L, a capacitance C and a resonant frequency. The pulse generator is arranged to generate a pulsed voltage wave with a frequency approximately equal to the resonant frequency. A further circuit element is arranged to cause the voltage pulse reaching the coil to repeatedly, alternate between a period of pulsed voltage at the frequency and a period of zero voltage, with each period extending for a time in a range of approximately 2 to 33 milliseconds.

Abstract: A water decontaminization system and method which utilizes an apparatus for producing hydroxyl ions through hydrolysis of water molecules to oxydize contaminents in the water. The apparatus includes a water chamber with an input water conduit and an output water conduit to establish a water flow in the chamber, in which electrodes positioned in the water chamber apply a voltage potential which causes electric current to flow through the water to create hydroxyl ions in the water, in a manner effective to kill contaminents such as viruses, bacteria, algae, organic substances, etc.

Abstract: Provided are a method of and an apparatus for rapidly and effectively mixing fluids even in a laminar flow regime with a very low Reynold's number by applying AC power with a resonant frequency to more effectively induce electrokinetic instability. Also provided are a method of and an apparatus for mixing fluids in which the degree of mixing of the fluids can be varied with time by applying AC power with a lower frequency than a resonant frequency to synchronize a pattern of mixing fluids with the AC power.

Abstract: An electric separating apparatus has a separating tank and an electrical control. The separating tank has at least one first electrode panel, a second electrode panel, an upper separating region and a lower separating region. The electrode panels are vertically mounted in the separating tank to form the separating regions. The electrical control is electrically connected to the separating tank and has a transformer, a high-power resistor, a first A/C transformer, a second A/C transformer and a control unit. The transformer is electrically connected to an A/C source and the electrode panels. The high-power resistor is electrically connected to the transformer and the at least one first electrode panel in series. The A/C transformers are respectively connected to the high-power resistor and the electrode panels. The control unit is electrically connected to the A/C transformers to determine an electrical impedance of a liquid mixture in the tank.

Abstract: A method and a device for treating water using an electromagnetic field. The method comprising the steps of subjecting the water to the electromagnetic field generated utilizing an inductor coil; and varying a frequency of a driving signal for the inductor coil such that the generated electromagnetic field has a varying frequency.