Abstract: A method for depositing a metal layer on a component is provided. The method includes applying an electrically conductive coating composition including a resin and metal particles on a coating region of the component; at least partially curing the resin forming an electrically conductive coating; and depositing, via an electrodeposition process, a metal layer on the electrically conductive coating.

Abstract: Provided are a film formation device and a film formation method for forming a metal film, with which metal films with a desired thickness can be continuously formed on surfaces of a plurality of substrates. A film formation device 1A includes at least a positive electrode 11, a negative electrode 12, a solid electrolyte membrane 13 arranged on a surface of the positive electrode 12, between. the positive electrode and a substrate to serve as the negative electrode, and a power supply unit E adapted to apply a voltage across the positive electrode 11 and the substrate B. A voltage is applied across the positive electrode 11 and the substrate B to deposit metal on a surface of the substrate from metal ions contained in the solid electrolyte membrane 13, whereby a metal film F made of metal is formed, The positive electrode 11 is made of a porous body that allows a solution L containing metal ions to pass therethrough and supplies the metal ions to the solid electrolyte membrane 13.

Abstract: Provided are a film formation device and a film formation method for forming a metal film, with which metal films with a desired thickness can be continuously formed on surfaces of a plurality of substrates. A film formation device 1A includes at least a positive electrode 11, a negative electrode 12, a solid electrolyte membrane 13 arranged on a surface of the positive electrode 12, between. the positive electrode and a substrate to serve as the negative electrode, and a power supply unit E adapted to apply a voltage across the positive electrode 11 and the substrate B. A voltage is applied across the positive electrode 11 and the substrate B to deposit metal on a surface of the substrate from metal ions contained in the solid electrolyte membrane 13, whereby a metal film F made of metal is formed, The positive electrode 11 is made of a porous body that allows a solution L containing metal ions to pass therethrough and supplies the metal ions to the solid electrolyte membrane 13.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for depositing a metal M1 onto a carbon layer, as well as to a method for manufacturing an electrode for fuel cells and to a method for manufacturing a fuel cell. The method for depositing a metal M1 onto a porous carbon layer according to the invention includes a step of depositing said metal M1 by means of the electrochemical reduction of an electrolytic solution of a salt of the metal M1, and, prior to said step of depositing the metal M1 by means of electrochemical reduction, a step of depositing a metal M2 by means of chemical reduction using a reducing gas of a salt of the metal M2, the thermodynamic equilibrium potential between the ionic form of the salt of M2 and M2, Eeqionic form of the salt of M2/M2 being greater than the thermodynamic equilibrium potential between the ionic form of the salt of M1 and M1, Eeqionic form of the salt of M1/M1. The invention can be used, in particular, in the field of fuel cells.

Abstract: Provided is a metal coating film formation device capable of forming a film using a simple device configuration and in a short time, and capable of performing the formation of a film of metal coating continuously for a long period. A film formation device 1A is provided with an anode 11, a solid electrolyte film 13 disposed between the anode 11 and the base material B, and a power supply unit 16 that applies a voltage between the anode 11 and the base material B. The anode 11 is a non-porous anode comprising the same metal as the metal of the metal coating. Between the anode 11 and the solid electrolyte film 13, a porous material 14 is disposed in contact with the anode 11 and the solid electrolyte film 13. The porous material 14 includes a plurality of pores providing communication between the anode 11 and the solid electrolyte film 13 and being supplied with a metal solution L.

Abstract: Provided is film formation apparatus of a metal film and a film formation method therefor capable of forming a homogeneous metal film of a uniform thickness stably, while being less affected by the surface state of the anode. A film formation apparatus 1A includes: an anode 11; a solid electrolyte membrane 13 disposed between the anode 11 and a base B serving as a cathode; and a power supply unit 14 to apply voltage between the anode 11 and the base B, the film formation apparatus being configured so that, when the solid electrolyte membrane 13 is brought into contact with a surface of the base B, and voltage is applied between the anode 11 and the base B, metal is deposited on the surface of the base B from metal ions included inside of the solid electrolyte membrane 13, so that the metal film F made of the metal is formed.

Abstract: A film formation system for continuously forming metal films with desired thickness on the surfaces of substrates, and increase the film forming speed while suppressing abnormality of the metal films. A film formation system includes an anode; a solid electrolyte membrane between the anode and a substrate serving as a cathode such that a metal ion solution is disposed on the anode side thereof; and a power supply portion for applying a voltage across the anode and the substrate. A voltage is applied across the anode and the substrate o deposit metal out of the metal ions contained in the solid electrolyte membrane onto the substrate surface, thereby forming a metal film made of the metal ions. The anode has a base material, which is insoluble in the metal ion solution, and a metal plating film made of the same metal as the metal film, formed over the base material.

Abstract: A method of fabricating electrodes having protruding nanofeatures includes growing metal oxide nanofeatures on a metal or metal alloy wire using a heat treatment in an oxidizing environment. An electrically conducting material is deposited on the nanofeatures to form coated nanofeatures. An electrochemically active material (active material) is deposited to form a coating onto the coated nanofeatures to form at least one nanofeatured electrode. An energy storage coaxial cable (ESCC) can be formed from a first nanofeatured electrode and a second nanofeatured electrode, wherein the first nanofeatured electrode is configured as a linear electrode and the second nanofeatured electrode is configured as a tubular electrode, and the ESCC includes an ion porous separator and an electrolyte between the first nanofeatured electrode as an inner electrode and the second nanofeatured electrode as an outer electrode.

Abstract: This method for producing porous sintered aluminum includes: mixing aluminum powder with a sintering aid powder containing titanium to obtain a raw aluminum mixed powder; mixing the raw aluminum mixed powder with a water-soluble resin binder, water, and a plasticizer containing at least one selected from polyhydric alcohols, ethers, and esters to obtain a viscous composition; drying the viscous composition in a state where air bubbles are mixed therein to obtain a formed object prior to sintering; and heating the formed object prior to sintering in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, wherein when a temperature at which the raw aluminum mixed powder starts to melt is expressed as Tm (° C.), a temperature T (° C.) of the heating fulfills Tm?10 (° C.)?T?685 (° C.).

Abstract: A composite having an electrically conductive substrate and a polymer derived from a vinyl-containing siloxane monomer coating on the substrate. A method of electropolymerizing a vinyl-containing siloxane monomer to form a coating on an electrically conductive substrate.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a heat sink may include: providing a carbon fiber fabric having carbon fibers and openings, the openings leading from a first side to a second side of the fabric; and electroplating the fabric with metal, wherein metal is deposited with a higher rate at the first side than at the second side of the fabric. Another method for fabricating a heat sink may include: providing a carbon metal composite having metal-coated carbon fibers and openings, the openings leading from a first side to a second side of the carbon metal composite; disposing the composite over a semiconductor element such that the first side of the composite faces the semiconductor element; and bonding the composite to the semiconductor element by means of an electroplating process, wherein metal electrolyte is supplied to an interface between the carbon metal composite and the semiconductor element via the openings.

Abstract: Semiconductors are electrochemically etched in solutions containing sources of bifluoride and nickel ions. The electrochemical etching may form pores in the surface of the semiconductor in the nanometer range. The etched semiconductor is then nickel plated.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing an aluminum structure using a porous resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure, with which it is possible to form an aluminum structure having a low oxide content in the surface of aluminum (i.e., having an oxide film with a small thickness), and in particular, it is possible to obtain an aluminum porous body that has a large area. The method includes a step of preparing an aluminum-coated resin molded body in which an aluminum layer is formed, directly or with another layer therebetween, on a surface of a resin molded body composed of urethane, and a step of decomposing the resin molded body by bringing the aluminum-coated resin molded body into contact with concentrated nitric acid with a concentration of 62% or more.

Abstract: A method of forming a conductive polymer deposit on a substrate is disclosed. The method may include the steps of preparing a composition comprising monomers of the conductive polymer and a nitrosyl precursor, contacting the substrate with the composition so as to allow formation of nitrosyl ion on the exterior surface of the substrate, and allowing the monomer to polymerize into the conductive polymer, wherein the polymerization is initiated by the nitrosyl ion and the conductive polymer is deposited on the exterior surface of the substrate. The conductive polymer may be polypyrrole.

Abstract: A substrate having animated flashing figures, applications thereof, and a manufacturing method of the same are revealed. A reflective film with an electroplated layer on a surface is covered over the base material. Then at least two figures are printed on the reflective film to form a printed layer. The figures are cut into strips and then the strips are arranged alternatively. Finally, a surface grating layer is arranged over the printed layer. Through the combination of the reflective film, the printed layer formed by staggered strips of the figures, and the surface grating layer, figures on a surface of the substrate show an animated flashing effect. The substrate can be applied to various products such as containers, trays, eyeglass frames, watch bands, etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for depositing a metal M1 onto a carbon layer, as well as to a method for manufacturing an electrode for fuel cells and to a method for manufacturing a fuel cell. The method for depositing a metal M1 onto a porous carbon layer according to the invention includes a step of depositing said metal M1 by means of the electrochemical reduction of an electrolytic solution of a salt of the metal M1, and, prior to said step of depositing the metal M1 by means of electrochemical reduction, a step of depositing a metal M2 by means of chemical reduction using a reducing gas of a salt of the metal M2, the thermodynamic equilibrium potential between the ionic form of the salt of M2 and M2, Eeqionic form of the salt of M2/M2 being greater than the thermodynamic equilibrium potential between the ionic form of the salt of M1 and M1, Eeqionic form of the salt of M1/M1. The invention can be used, in particular, in the field of fuel cells.

Abstract: A composite oxygen transport membrane having a dense layer, a porous support layer and an intermediate porous layer located between the dense layer and the porous support layer. Both the dense layer and the intermediate porous layer are formed from an ionic conductive material to conduct oxygen ions and an electrically conductive material to conduct electrons. The porous support layer has a high permeability, high porosity, and a high average pore diameter and the intermediate porous layer has a lower permeability and lower pore diameter than the porous support layer. Catalyst particles selected to promote oxidation of a combustible substance are located in the intermediate porous layer and in the porous support adjacent to the intermediate porous layer. The catalyst particles can be formed by wicking a solution of catalyst precursors through the porous support toward the intermediate porous layer.

Abstract: A composite electrode and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. By using a composite electrode that includes a porous support made of ceramic or metal and a conductive polymer or a metal oxide formed on a surface of the porous support, a capacitor or secondary cell that provides increased charge/discharge capacity and increased energy/output density, as well as high-temperature stability and high reliability, can be manufactured.

Abstract: There is provided a manufacturing method of an aluminum structure, including a conductive treatment process of forming an electrically conductive layer on a surface of a resin molded body, the electrically conductive layer being made of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, and aluminum, and a plating process of plating the resin molded body subjected to the conductive treatment process with aluminum in a molten salt bath. The manufacturing method of an aluminum structure allows aluminum plating on the surface of even a porous resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure. In particular, there is also provided a manufacturing method of an aluminum structure that can form porous aluminum having a large area.

Abstract: A porous resin article having a three-dimensional network structure is used. A resin molded body at least the surface of which has been subjected to conductive treatment is plated with aluminum in a molten salt bath to form an aluminum structure, thus forming a porous aluminum that includes an aluminum layer having a thickness in the range of 1 to 100 ?m, has an aluminum purity of 98.0% or more and a carbon content of 1.0% or more and 2% or less, and contains inevitable impurities as the balance. Even with a porous resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure, this allows the surface of the porous resin molded body to be plated with aluminum, thus forming a high-purity aluminum structure having a uniform thick film.

Abstract: An electrode for lead-battery comprises a current collector covered by an active layer of lead-containing paste. The current is formed by a glassy carbon substrate on which is deposited an intermediate layer. The glassy carbon substrate has preferably a thickness comprised between 1 mm and 3 mm whereas the thickness of the intermediate layer is advantageously comprised between 50 ?m and 200 ?m. In a particular embodiment, the glassy carbon substrate is in form of a comb.

Abstract: A filter membrane includes a substrate, a polymer layer provided on the substrate and a plurality of filter openings each having a width of from about 2 nanometers to about 5 nanometers provided in the polymer layer. A method of controlling pore size of a filter membrane and a method of decontaminating a filter membrane are also disclosed.

Abstract: A heat spreader (10) and a method for manufacturing the heat spreader are disclosed. The heat spreader includes a metal casing (12) and a wick structure (16) lines an inner surface of the metal casing. The metal casing defines therein a chamber (14) and includes an evaporating section (126) and a condensing section (127). The wick structure is in the form of metal foam and occupies a portion of the chamber. In one embodiment, the wick structure has a pore size gradually increasing from the evaporating section towards the condensing section of the metal casing. The heat spreader is manufactured by electrodepositing a layer of metal coating (70) on an outer surface of a metal foam framework (20). The metal coating becomes the metal casing and the metal foam framework becomes the wick structure.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of preparing a palladium alloy composite membrane for hydrogen separation, including (a) providing a first metal coating layer on a porous support using an electroplating process; (b) providing a palladium coating layer on the first metal coating layer using a dry plating process; and (c) heat treating the palladium coating layer to form an alloy layer of palladium and the first metal.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnetoresistance effect element includes forming an insulating layer on a first ferromagnetic layer, forming an aperture reaching the first ferromagnetic layer by thrusting a needle from the top surface of the insulating layer, and depositing a ferromagnetic material to form a second ferromagnetic layer overlying the insulating layer which buries the aperture. The aperture can have an opening width not larger than 20 nm. A current flowing between the first ferromagnetic layer and the needle can be monitored, and thrusting of the needle can be interrupted when the current reaches a predetermined value.

Abstract: Provided is a gas molecule sensor, characterized in that the sensing element is a polycrystalline tin oxide film having a thickness less than 1 ?m. The sensing element is produced by electrolytic deposit of a tin film on an insulating support in an electromechanical cell, where the anode is comprised of tin and the cathode is a conductive film applied on the surface of the insulating support at one of its ends, the two electrodes being separated by an electrolyte comprised of a tin salt solution, and by passing a constant current through said cell. The deposit step is followed by an oxidizing step.

Abstract: Process for producing a metal structure in foam form, including the steps of providing a nonconductive substrate having a foamed structure, applying conductive particles to the substrate, so that the conductive particles are fixed to the entire surface of the substrate, and in particular to each individual pore of the substrate, and introducing the pretreated substrate into an electroplating device, in which a homogenous metal layer is formed on the conductive particles.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrode for an alkaline storage battery, including a process of manufacturing a porous metal plate. A method of manufacturing this porous metal plate includes adding a predetermined organic substance to a urethane sponge or coating a foamed urethane sponge with polyethylene terephthalate. Furthermore, the method includes grinding the urethane sponge or rolling the urethane sponge using a roll press.

Abstract: A method for electroplating a strip of foam having two opposite sides and an electrically conductive surface, including: (a) continuously applying the strip of foam onto a moving cathode immersed in an electroplating bath so that the strip travels through the bath in contact with the moving cathode to electroplate metal on the strip of foam, a first side of the strip of foam facing a working surface of the moving cathode, and (b) continuously removing the electroplated strip of foam from the moving cathode when metal has been plated to a desired thickness; A metal foil is continuously formed by electrodeposition on the working surface of the moving cathode in such a way that the strip of foam is applied at step (a) onto the moving cathode over the metal foil; and, after step (b), the metal foil is continuously removed from the moving cathode.

Abstract: A combined adhesion promotion method of a metal to a non-conductive substrate and directly metallizing the non-conductive substrate with the metal. The method involves texturing a non-conductive substrate with a cobalt etch followed by applying a sulfide to the textured non-conductive substrate to provide an electrically conductive surface on the non-conductive substrate. After the surface of the non-conductive substrate has been made electrically conductive, the surface of the non-conductive substrate can be directly metallized. The method reduces the number of process steps for direct metallization of a non-conductive substrate. Thus, the method is more efficient in contrast to conventional methods of metallizing a non-conductive substrate.

Abstract: The invention concerns the manufacture of complex metallic or metallized porous structures, wherein the electroplating metal over the entire developed surface is preceded by a specific pre-metallization of the basic structure. The pre-metallization is obtained by depositing a conductive polymer, which is deposited on the entire developed surface of the structure by the steps of an oxidizing pre-treatment of the structure, depositing in the liquid phase, a monomer having a polymerized form that is electrically conductive, and polymerizing by oxidation-doping of the monomer. The structures according to the invention are particularly intended for use as electrodes for the electrolysis of liquid effluents, as electrode supports for electrochemical generators, as catalyst supports, filtration media, phonic insulation, electromagnetic and nuclear protection structures, or for other applications.

Abstract: A complex porous structure of a reticulated foam, felt or fabric types, wherein their metallisation over their entire developed surface, by electrolysis of lead or lead alloys, is made possible by a specific preliminary conductive activation treatment obtained by using two consecutive phases of coating the developed surface of the structures, comprising a first deposition of a conductive polymer, which provides the structures with the required conductivity, and a second thin deposition of conductive lacquer or varnish which ensures the surface protection of the conductive polymer against the deactivating effect of the conductive nature of the latter, due to the cathodic polarisation of the said structures in the electrolytic lead-coating bath.

Abstract: A blended solution is made by melting LiOH.H2O into distilled water, and then, Co metallic powders are added into the blended solution to make a reactive solution. The reactive solution is charged into an autoclave, and held at a predetermined temperature. Then, a pair of platinum electrodes are set into the reactive solution, and a given voltage is applied between the pair of platinum electrode. As a result, a compound thin film, made of crystal LiCoO2 including Li element of the blended solution and Co element of the Co metallic powders, is synthesized on the platinum electrode constituting the anode electrode.

Abstract: A process for the removal of galvanic electrolytic residues from galvanically reinforced fiber structure frames, where the fiber structure frame is produced through chemical metallization of a textile substrate based on fleeces or felts made of synthetic fibers and then through galvanic reinforcement of the metallized textile substrate in a galvanic bath containing a galvanic electrolyte. The invention provides that the galvanic electrolytic residues are removed by suction from the fiber structure frame. The fiber structure frame then makes contact at least once under high pressure with the wash liquid in a wash station, and subsequently the wash liquid is removed by suction from the fiber structure frame. In order to remove by suction, the galvanic electrolytic residues or the wash liquid, a belt-shaped porous supporting device is inserted between the suction port and a main area of the fiber structure frame.

Abstract: A blended solution is made by melting LiOH•H2O into distilled water, and then, Co metallic powders are added into the blended solution to make a reactive solution. The reactive solution is charged into an autoclave, and held at a predetermined temperature. Then, a pair of platinum electrodes are set into the reactive solution, and a given voltage is applied between the pair of platinum electrode. As a result, a compound thin film, made of crystal LiCoO2 including Li element of the blended solution and Co element of the Co metallic powders, is synthesized on the platinum electrode constituting the anode electrode.

Abstract: The invention concerns the manufacture of complex metallic or metallized porous structures, wherein the electroplating metal over the entire developed surface is preceded by a specific pre-metallization of the basic structure. The pre-metallization is obtained by depositing a conductive polymer, which is deposited on the entire developed surface of the structure by the steps of an oxidizing pre-treatment of the structure, depositing in the liquid phase, a monomer having a polymerized form that is electrically conductive, and polymerizing by oxidation-doping of the monomer. The structures according to the invention are particularly intended for use as electrodes for the electrolysis of liquid effluents, as electrode supports for electrochemical generators, as catalyst supports, filtration media, phonic insulation, electromagnetic and nuclear protection structures, or for other applications.

Abstract: An open-pored body (11), in particular a carbon component of an aluminum production cell, which is to be exposed to oxidizing conditions or chemical attack at high temperatures is treated to protect the body against oxidation or corrosion at high temperature by impregnating the surface of the body at about ambient temperature with a hot non-saturated liquid (10). This liquid contains a treating agent at a temperature above the temperature of the body. The concentration of treating agent in the hot liquid is such that when the liquid is cooled, before it reaches the temperature of the body, the liquid saturates and treating agent precipitates. A pressure differential is applied to cause the liquid to impregnate into the surface pores of the body (11) and precipitate a layer of the treating agent from the liquid inside the body by cooling as it impregnates the pores of the body.

Abstract: The electrochemical formation of oxygen ion conducting solid oxide layers is achieved by the cathodic deposition of the oxide layers from a melted salt bath of alkali element halides containing dissolved metal halides which provide the metal cations from which oxide layers are formed and attached to conductive cathodes. Oxygen is supplied at the cathodes to form oxygen ions which diffuse through the cathodically formed oxide layers and react with dissolved metal cations leading to oxide layer growth. The dissolved metal halides are regenerated at the anodes from metals and metal compounds. The process is called cathodic oxide deposition (COD) and represents a new and economic method for the fabrication of oxygen ion conductor layers for solid oxide electrochemical devices.

Abstract: An apertured and porous metal article can find use, for example, in diaphragm or membrane electrolysis cells. The article may comprise a thin and flexible metal foam of small pores which, typically, has been perforated with large apertures. The article may also be provided with an electrocatalytic coating. It can be in substantial physical contact with a membrane or diaphragm separator used in the cell for separating anode and cathode members or compartments. There is also disclosed the preparation of the article and an electrolysis cell utilizing the resulting apertured and porous metal article.

Abstract: The invention relates to a conductive dispersions used for diverse purposes such a base for electroplating nonconductors. The dispersion are characterized by use of a stabilizing quantity of a stabilizer having repeating alylkene oxide groups and a hydrophilic--lipophilic balance in excess of 12. It has been found that the stabilizers utilized in the subject compositions does result in a significant loss of conductivity in coatings formed from the dispersion.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing foils of plastic material which are electrically conductive in a transverse direction, but not in the plane of the foil wherein micropassages are formed in the foil by etching nucleus traces which are generated by exposure to a heavy ion beam, conductive layers are deposited on one side of the foil and the micropassages are filled by electrolytic metal ion depositions from the other side until caps are formed on the passages. After dissolving the two conductive layers, the steps are repeated to form caps also on the passages at the other side of the foil so as to provide for good contacting capabilities at both sides of the foil.

Abstract: A metal-coated film can be produced continuously from a non-conducting film by successive electroless and galvanic metallization in such a way that a film of this kind is subjected, in a continuous "roll-to-roll" process, to the following operations:a) applying a metallizable primer,b) drying the applied primer,c) conditioning the applied primer,d) optionally activating the applied primer,e) treatment with an electroless chemical metallizing bath,f) optional treatment with a first rinsing liquid,g) treatment with a galvanic metallizing bath,h) treatment with a second rinsing liquid, andi) optional heat treatment of the metallized film.

Abstract: Proposed is an improvement in the method for the preparation of a battery electrode consisting of a spongy metal sheet to serve as a substrate having a three-dimensional skeletal structure with intercommunicating open pores and an active material filling the open pores of the skeletal structure of the substrate.

Abstract: A process is disclosed, as well as apparatus useful therefor, for continuously electroplating a strip of reticulated foam using multiple electroplating zones that each contain electroplating bath. In each zone there is a cathode and an anode. In at least one electroplating zone there is an insoluble anode, typically as the sole anode. In some of the electroplating zones soluble anodes may be used. As a first cathode, there can be provided a cathode roll outside of the electroplating bath. The reticulated foam is guided in the bath past the anodes, as well as past cathodes, e.g., including a cathode roll which may be positioned outside of the bath. The resulting electroplated foam emerging from the bath has an improved electroplate weight distribution and the process achieves enhanced efficiencies and economies of operation.

Abstract: A process for preparing a porous metallic body comprising the steps of: rendering a porous resin body electrically conductive, electroplating the conductive resin, and heating the electroplated resin to remove the resin, wherein the step of rendering the resin electrically conductive is conducted by coating the resin with a coating composition containing amorphous carbon particles as a conductive material. In the process, substantially spherical carbon particles may be used as the conductive material. The substantially spherical carbon particles are still preferably amorphous carbon. The thus obtained porous metallic body has reduced defect and more smooth skeleton in the porous body, is less likely to cause stress concentration upon application of bending and tensile force, has lower carbon content, and superior mechanical strength, and, therefore, the substrate is suitable as an electrode substrate for batteries.

Abstract: A method comprising the steps of (a) preparing a divided copper oxide dispersion (4) including a solvent and a selected binder, (b) applying said dispersion to a non-conductive substrate (1) to form a film (5), (c) forming a Cu film (9) with a suitable reagent, and (d) electrolytically depositing at least one metal film (11) on said film (9).

Abstract: The invention is a method for making a metal containing article, comprising the steps of: providing a layer of a porous ground in a selected area; exposing selected regions of the layer of porous ground to light, thereby metallizing the selected regions; repeating the foregoing steps a selected number of times to produce a selected number of layers; and selectively modifying the metallized regions of the layers. The initial metallization can be by electroless or semiconductor photo deposition plating. The subsequent modification of the metallized regions can be by electroless plating, electroplating or sintering. It is also possible, in some instances, to forego the second phase modification, the initial phase having provided the desired parameters. In a third preferred embodiment, the invention is a method using an initial metallization phase effected by exposure of a metal salt, such as a metal halide, to light, thereby inducing activation of the halide.

Abstract: Metal bonded carbon fiber-reinforced composites are disclosed in which the metal and the composite are strongly bound by (1) providing a matrix-depleted zone in the composite of sufficient depth to provide a binding site for the metal to be bonded and then (2) infiltrating the metal into the matrix-free zone to fill a substantial portion of the zone and also provide a surface layer of metal, thereby forming a strong bond between the composite and the metal. The invention also includes the metal-bound composite itself, as well as the provision of a coating over the metal for high-temperature performance or for joining to other such composites or to other substrates.

Abstract: A three-dimensional electroformed shell for a mold consists of a three-dimensional thin-walled body, and an electroformed coating deposited on it. The coating may, or may not close the base holes of the thin-walled body completely. If it does not close the base holes completely, the shell has a multiplicity of apertures. A process for manufacturing the shell is also disclosed.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for forming a porous sheet comprising a plurality of porous sheets such as foamed sheet, mesh sheet and nonwoven fabric sheet. These sheets are adhered and layered to each other either by a melting or with an adhesive or by layering without each other with adhering these sheets to each other. Then, the porous sheet thus layered is plated at a high current density by forcibly applying plating liquid to the layered sheet in a direction substantially perpendicular thereto in a plating tank, or by vacuum evaporation while the layered sheet is being transported inside the vapor deposition vacuum container enclosed by a cooking tank through a cooling roller mounted therein. The metallic porous sheet formed according the above-described method is preferably used as the electrode of a battery.