Abstract: Improvements in an electrolysis electrode structure where fluid or gas enters a chamber with cathode and anode charged conductors to polarize and separate the flow into two separate paths for electrolysis of the fluid or gas. The conductors wrap around magnets to extend the range of the polarizing field beyond the range of the electrode conductors. Iron particles fan-out from the conductors and magnets to further extend the polarizing field from the magnets as well as creating increased surface area for gas or liquids to flow within and around the conductors, magnet and iron particles. Noble metal provides a thin plating that locks the position of the particles and provides an open structure to allow for the flow of gas or fluids at a high rate of flow and prevents the iron particles from being eroded by the flow.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] A cation exchange membrane that has sufficient mechanical strength and at the same time has high impurity resistance, suffers little cathode surface damage, and exhibits stable electrolytic characteristics is provided. [Solution] A cation exchange membrane comprising: a membrane body comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having an ion exchange group; and a reinforcement core material arranged inside the membrane body, wherein raised portions having a height of 20 ?m or more in cross-sectional view are formed on at least one surface of the membrane body, an arrangement density of the raised portions on the surface of the membrane body is 20 to 1500/cm2, a plurality of opening portions are formed on the surface of the membrane body, and a proportion of a total area of the opening portions to an area of the surface of the membrane body (opening area ratio) is in a range of 0.4 to 15%.

Abstract: A method for increasing the quantity of dissolved oxygen in water includes addition of an oxidant to the water to increase the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of the water to between about 400 and 850 mV, followed by electrolysis to generate oxygen gas. The voltage applied to the electrolytic cells during electrolysis is less than 300 mV. The dissolved oxygen content of the water exiting the electrolytic cell is about 90% of saturation to super saturation.

Abstract: In one aspect, energy storage devices and methods are disclosed that include (preferably in order): a cationic electrode cover layer, a cationic electrode, a cationic exchange polymer electrolyte layer, a separation dielectric layer, an anionic exchange polymer electrolyte layer, an anionic electrode, and an anionic electrode cover layer. In certain embodiments, the device is configured to be initially placed in an ionized state, and optionally, can be configured to be further charged to store energy in an electrostatic mode. In another aspect, ionic solid dielectric materials, energy storage devices including ionic solid dielectric materials, and methods of making and using such materials and devices are disclosed herein.

Abstract: There are provided microemulsions derived from compositions containing oligomeric fluorosulfinic compounds and/or ethylenically unsaturated, polymerizable monomeric fluorosulfinic compounds and to their uses in (co)polymerization processes in aqueous emulsion of fluorinated monomers.

Abstract: Described herein is a melt-processible polymer composition comprising: a non-fluorinated melt-processible polymer; and a fluoropolymer derived from the polymerization of a monomer and a sulfinate-containing molecule, wherein the sulfinate-containing molecule is selected from the group consisting of: (a) CX1X3?CX2—(R)p—CZ1Z2—SO2M Formula (I) (b) Formula (II); and (c) combinations thereof, wherein X1, X2, and X3 are each independently selected from H, F, Cl, a C1 to C4 alkyl group, and a C1 to C4 fluorinated alkyl group; R is a linking group; Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from F, CF3, and a perfluoroalkyl group; R1 and R2 are end-groups; p is 0 or 1; m is at least 2; and M is a cation.

Abstract: Describes a liquid-permeable diaphragm assembly for use in electrolytic cells, e.g., chlor-alkali electrolytic cells. The diaphragm assembly includes a foraminous cathode, a liquid permeable base mat comprising synthetic polymeric material that is at least partially resistant to the environment within the electrolytic cell on the foraminous cathode, and a topcoat of water-insoluble particulate material on the base mat. The topcoat is deposited on the base mat from an aqueous slurry comprising (i) at least one oxide, boride, carbide, nitride or silicate of a valve metal, (ii) clay mineral, (iii) hydrous metal oxide chosen from the hydrous oxides of magnesium, the hydrous oxides of zirconium, and mixtures of such hydrous metal oxides, and (iv) alkali metal polyphosphate.

Abstract: A cation exchange membrane which shows suppressed deterioration of the strength of the membrane in the upper portion of an electrolytic cell when the membrane is employed in the electrolytic cell and used for a long term, which can perform electrolysis with good production efficiency, and which can be produced simply with low cost; its production process and; such an electrolytic cell; are provided.

Abstract: A process for the production of sodium hydroxide, hydrogen gas and chlorine gas which comprises (1) forming an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, (2) placing the sodium chloride solution in a cell having two compartments separated by a separator, (3) subjecting the cell to a direct electrical current of about 3-24 volts and 0.1-500 K amperes; thereby generating hydrogen gas, chlorine gas and an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and wherein the electrical current is generated by a solar panel.

Abstract: A method for the ultra-fast photodissociation of water molecules into H2 and O2 gases is presented. Water vapor is initially produced and supplied to a photolysis bottle. Within the photolysis bottle, the water vapor is illuminated by a light signal to dissociate H2 and O2 gases from the water vapor. The dissociated H2 and O2 gases are radiated with an RF signal to inhibit recombination of the dissociated H2 and O2 gases, and the dissociated H2 and O2 gases are subsequently recovered.

Abstract: A functional water containing a fluorine-containing component obtained by electrolyzing an aqueous solution containing fluoride ion using electrodes having conductive diamonds, a method of producing the same, and a method and an apparatus of rinsing electronic parts using the functional water as a rinsing water. The fluorine-containing component produced by electrolyzing the fluoride ion using the conductive diamond, has stronger rinsing effect than that of a fluorine-containing component obtained by electrolyzing the fluoride ion itself before electrolysis or the fluoride ion using other electrodes. Therefore, an amount of hydrofluoric acid used can greatly be decreased.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing electrolytic water in which the yielded electrolytic water does not suffer quality deterioration caused by chemical species, e.g., hydrogen ions, moving to the counter-electrode chamber. A diaphragm 4 of a two-chamber type electrolytic cell comprises two or more ion-exchange membranes 3, and a noble-metal layer 2 or another layer may be formed in the diaphragm. Use of the ion-exchange membranes produces an enhanced physical screening effect, while formation of the noble-metal layer produces catalytic effect to decompose chemical species. Both the ion-exchange membranes and the anode-metal layer are effective in diminishing the movement of chemical species to the counter-electrode chamber.

Abstract: The invention discloses a novel structure for an expandable anode to be used in diaphragm cells. This new structure comprises a conductor bar in the form of a copper core provided with a titanium layer having a first and a second pair of flexible expanders fixed thereto. The welding points of the second pair of expanders are positioned orthogonally with respect to the welding points of the first pair of expanders along the circumference of the conductor bar. Also the anode surfaces are connected by welding points to the pairs of expanders. The anode of the invention may be both a new anode and a conventional existing anode having only a first pair of expanders whereto the second pair of expanders is attached. With the device of the present invention the ohmic drop between the conductor bar and the anode surface is substantially decreased and further there is no risk of damaging the interface between the copper core and the titanium coating by an excessive thermal stress, due to the welding procedures.

Abstract: A cation exchange membrane for electrolysis, which comprises at least 2 layers of fluorine-containing polymer films having sulfonic acid groups, wherein a first layer facing a cathode is made of a three component polymer of the following monomers (A), (B) and (C) and has a thickness of from 50 to 150 .mu.m, and a second layer has a thickness of from 50 to 300 .mu.m:(A) CF.sub.2 =CF(OCF.sub.2 CFCF.sub.3).sub.m O(CF.sub.2).sub.n SO.sub.3 Mwherein m=0 or 1, n=1 to 5, and M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, ##STR1## wherein m=0 or 1, and Rf is a C.sub.1-10 perfluoroalkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an environmental-friendly process for reducing the content of chloride in a liquor inventory of a chemical pulp mill. According to the invention, in a recovery system for pulping chemicals containing sulphur and an alkali metal, precipitator dust formed in a recovery boiler is collected and withdrawn, dissolved in water and electrolyzed for production of chlorine or hydrochloric acid in the anolyte. Since the dust normally contains a large amount of sodium sulphate, sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide can also be produced in the electrolysis. To reduce the content of impurities, before the electrolysis, the pH of the aqueous solution is adjusted to above about 10 to precipitate inorganic substances which are separated-off together with flocculated or undissolved substances.

Abstract: The operation of electrolytic cells employing ion exchange membranes is improved by addition to the catholyte of a fluorinated ionomer resin resulting in a long-term reduction in the operating voltage of the electrolytic cell.