Utilizing Nonmetal Containing Electrode Patents (Class 205/635)
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Patent number: 9115434Abstract: A water splitting oxygen evolving catalyst including: a metal oxide particle including a metal oxide represented by Formula 1: Co1-xMxOY??Formula I wherein M is at least one selected from Al, In, Ga, Si, and Sn, x and y respectively satisfy the inequalities 0?x<0.5 and 1<y<2, and the metal oxide particle is in the form of a flake.Type: GrantFiled: July 30, 2012Date of Patent: August 25, 2015Assignee: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.Inventors: Jeong-hee Lee, Tae-gon Kim, Tae-hyung Kim, Seoung-jae Im
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Patent number: 8613848Abstract: A device for the concurrent oxygen generation and control of carbon dioxide for life support system involves two stages, where a first stage removes CO2 from an exhalent side of a ventilation loop and a second stage employs Ceramic Oxygen Generators (COGs) to convert CO2 into carbon and O2. The first stage includes a plurality of chambers and means to switch the ventilation loop through at least one of the chambers, where CO2 removal is carried out before discharge of the CO2 depleted gas to an inhalant side of the ventilation loop, and to exclude the ventilation loop from the remaining chambers of the first stage, where these chambers are placed in communication with the second stage. The second stage has two portions separated by the COGs such that CO2 and the formed carbon remain on an intake portion from the O2 rich atmosphere on the exhaust side, which is plumbed via a metering valve to introduce the O2 rich atmosphere to the inhalant side of the ventilation loop.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 2008Date of Patent: December 24, 2013Assignee: University of Florida Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Eric D. Wachsman, Keith L. Duncan, Helena Hagelin-Weaver
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Publication number: 20130306489Abstract: The invention relates to a coating for anodes suitable for oxygen evolution in electrochemical processes, comprising one or more catalytic layers and an external layer. Such external layer having a composition based on tantalum oxides or tin oxides or zirconium oxides in an amount of 2 to 7 g/m2.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 25, 2012Publication date: November 21, 2013Applicant: INDUSTRIE DENORA, S.P.A.Inventors: Alice Calderara, Fabio Sala, Fabio Timpano
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Patent number: 8440146Abstract: Cells and methods of producing hydrogen and oxygen from an aqueous solution at about 90% of the Faraday Limit are provided. An exemplary method includes the steps of placing a graphite electrode and a nickel electrode in an alkaline solution comprising colloidal silver, colloidal magnesium and a powdered metal such as aluminum, and applying a constant positive voltage to the nickel electrode. Further, the example includes cyclically applying a negative voltage potential to the graphite electrode by turning on the negative applied voltage for a first time period and switching off the negative voltage for a second time period. The second time period should be sufficient to permit removal of substantially all or at least some of any aluminum or zinc deposited on the graphite electrode. Graphite-containing electrodes may be pretreated to infuse with a precious metal.Type: GrantFiled: December 8, 2008Date of Patent: May 14, 2013Assignee: G & M Energy Systems, LLCInventor: Linnard Gene Griffin
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Publication number: 20130037417Abstract: Processes for the liberation of oxygen and hydrogen from water are provided allowing for mass scale production using abundant sources of catalyst materials. A metal oxide based anode is formed by the simple oxidation of metal in air by heating the metal for a specified time period. The resultant anode is then contacted with water and subjected to a voltage from an external source or driven by electromagnetic energy to produce oxygen at the surface of the anode by oxidation of water. These processes provide efficient and stable oxygen or hydrogen production.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 11, 2011Publication date: February 14, 2013Applicant: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.Inventors: Hongfei Jia, Debasish Banerjee
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Publication number: 20130020207Abstract: The oxygen evolution reaction (OER)-catalyzing activity of transition metal perovskite oxide catalysts depends on the occupancy of the ?-bonding orbital of eg symmetry parentage of the active cation. Catalysts having preferred values of eg orbital filling can have a high intrinsic activity for catalysis of the OER.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 19, 2011Publication date: January 24, 2013Inventors: Yang Shao-Horn, Kevin May, Jin Suntivich
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Publication number: 20120305407Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolyzer including an electrode including a nanoporous oxide-coated conducting material. Also disclosed is a method of producing a gas through electrolysis by contacting an aqueous solution with an electrode connected to an electrical power source, wherein the electrode includes a nanoporous oxide-coated conducting material.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 31, 2011Publication date: December 6, 2012Applicant: WISCONSIN ALUMNI RESEARCH FOUNDATIONInventors: Marc A. Anderson, Kevin C. Leonard
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Patent number: 7510640Abstract: A method for configuring a solar hydrogen generation system and the system optimization are disclosed. The system utilizes photovoltaic modules and an electrolyte solution to efficiently split water into hydrogen and oxygen. The efficiency of solar powered electrolysis of water is optimized by matching the most efficient voltage generated by photovoltaic cells to the most efficient input voltage required by the electrolysis cell(s). Optimizing PV-electrolysis systems makes solar powered hydrogen generation cheaper and more practical for use as an environmentally clean alternative fuel.Type: GrantFiled: February 2, 2005Date of Patent: March 31, 2009Assignee: General Motors CorporationInventors: Thomas L Gibson, Nelson A Kelly
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Patent number: 6855660Abstract: A rhodium sulfide electrocatalyst formed by heating an aqueous solution of rhodium salt until a steady state distribution of isomers is obtained and then sparging hydrogen sulfide into the solution to form the rhodium sulfide and a membrane electrode assembly with the said electrode and a process for electrolyzing hydrochloric acid.Type: GrantFiled: May 8, 2002Date of Patent: February 15, 2005Assignee: De Nora Elettrodi S.p.A.Inventors: Yu-Min Tsou, Hua Deng, Gian Nicola Martelli, Robert J. Allen, Emory S. De Castro
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Patent number: 6827838Abstract: A method of separating and recovering 18F from 18O water at high purity and efficiency while maintaining the purity of the 18O water. By using a solid electrode (1) as an anode and a container (electrodeposition vessel) (2) made of platinum as a cathode, 18F in a solution (4) is electrodeposited on the solid electrode surface by applying a voltage. Then, by using the solid electrode (1) on which 18F is electrodeposited as a cathode and a container (recovery vessel) (5) holding pure water therein as an anode, 18F is recovered in the pure water by applying a voltage of opposite polarity to that of the electrodeposition. In this process, little 18O water is lost. The initial concentration of the 18O water is maintained even after the electrodeposition of 18F, so that the 18O water can be repeatedly used as an irradiation target for production of 18F.Type: GrantFiled: August 9, 2002Date of Patent: December 7, 2004Assignee: RikenInventors: Toshio Hyodo, Yoshiko Itoh, Fuminori Saito, Yasuyuki Nagashima, Toshikazu Kurihara, Akira Goto, Masayuki Kase, Yasushige Yano, Katsumi Senoo
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Publication number: 20030205482Abstract: A hydrogen and oxygen gas generator (100) is provided that uses electrodes (160) made of carbon graphite and disposed in a vessel (110) containing a conductive solution of water and salt (165). The carbon graphite electrodes may be made of graphite baked with a binder to form rods, and may include a conductive cladding over a portion of the rods. An electric potential is applied between the electrodes, causing a current through the saline solution that results in dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen, which is expelled through a gas discharge port (156) in the vessel. The generator may be used as a stand-alone combustible gas generator, or in a vehicle (90), powered by an alternator (96) driven by the vehicle engine (98), and providing hydrogen and oxygen to the engine to improve the efficiency of the engine.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 25, 2003Publication date: November 6, 2003Inventor: Larry D. Allen
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Patent number: 6423205Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide an electrical deionization apparatus with which various feed water types ranging from water of high ion concentration to water of low ion concentration can be consistently deionized with high efficiency. At least part of cation-exchange membranes and anion-exchange membranes alternate between electrodes to form an alternating array of deionization and concentration compartments and the deionization compartment contains a woven or non-woven fabric made of cation-exchange fiber that is placed on the cation-exchange membrane side in a face-to-face relationship with a woven or non-woven fabric made of anion-exchange fiber that is placed on the anion-exchange membrane side, with the passageway of feed water between the two woven or non-woven fabrics containing an ion-conducting spacer provided with an ion-exchanging capability.Type: GrantFiled: October 27, 2000Date of Patent: July 23, 2002Assignee: Ebara CorporationInventors: Masaji Akahori, Takayoshi Kawamoto, Syu Nakanishi, Shinzi Miura, Toru Akiyama, Takayuki Saito, Kunio Fujiwara, Satoshi Konishi
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Publication number: 20020003085Abstract: An electrochemical cell that receives an inlet stream of air and produces an outlet stream of a high oxygen concentration of gas. The cell is made up of a plurality of layers and preferably a porous electrolyte comprised of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) that allows only oxygen ions to pass therethrough and which is covered on its sides with electrodes comprised of lanthanum strontium manganate (LSM) which in turn are coated with a layer of platinum to aid in the even distribution of the electrical current. An electrical current is passed through the electrodes to produce a voltage difference therebetween. The layers of YSZ and LSM are formed by a sol-gel process.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 19, 2001Publication date: January 10, 2002Inventors: Ravi R. Chandran, Lisa Klein, Sandra Mege
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Patent number: 6264820Abstract: A gas generator comprising a layer of first material are provided with a layer of second material on one surface and a layer of third material on the other opposing surface is provided. The application of an external potential results in the flow of gas from one side of the generator to another due to the properties of the materials presented. The use of an electrolyte material as the first material and mixed conductors as the second and/or third materials is particularly beneficial in obtaining high flow rates. The use of the generator to produce oxygen for injection into a methane stream is particularly preferred.Type: GrantFiled: February 14, 2000Date of Patent: July 24, 2001Assignee: British Nuclear Fuels PLCInventors: Robert Glyn Lewin, Stephen Vernon Barnett, Andrew Timothy Ince, Christopher William Brace, Peter Hugh Middleton
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Patent number: 6149782Abstract: The invention relates to a novel rhodium sulfide catalyst for the reduction of oxygen in industrial electrolyzers. The catalyst is highly resistant towards corrosion and poisoning by organic species, thus resulting particularly suitable for use in aqueous hydrochloric acid electrolysis, when technical grade acid containing organic contaminants is employed.Type: GrantFiled: May 27, 1999Date of Patent: November 21, 2000Assignee: De Nora S.p.AInventors: Robert J. Allen, James R. Giallombardo, Daniel Czerwiec, Emory S. De Castro, Khaleda Shaikh
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Patent number: 5770033Abstract: The invention provides methods for using gas and liquid phase cathodic depolarizers in an electrochemical cell having a cation exchange membrane in intimate contact with the anode and cathode. The electrochemical conversion of cathodic depolarizers at the cathode lowers the cell potential necessary to achieve a desired electrochemical conversion, such as ozone evolution, at the anode. When gaseous cathodic depolarizers, such as oxygen, are used, a gas diffusion cathode having the cation exchange membrane bonded thereto is preferred. When liquid phase cathodic depolarizers are used, the cathode may be a flow-by electrode, flow-through electrode, packed-bed electrode or a fluidized-bed electrode in intimate contact with the cation exchange membrane.Type: GrantFiled: June 26, 1997Date of Patent: June 23, 1998Assignee: Lynntech, Inc.Inventors: Oliver J. Murphy, G. Duncan Hitchens
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Patent number: 5573655Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell comprising a solid electrolyte which conducts O.sup.2- anions in contact with an anode and a cathode of identical or different composition, the solid electrolyte being comprised of a composition derived from Bi.sub.4 V.sub.2 O.sub.11 of which at least one of the constituent cationic elements is substituted by at least one substituting element such that the gamma phase structural type of Bi.sub.4 V.sub.2 O.sub.11 is maintained as well as the equilibrium of charges, at least one of the anode or of the cathode is a material containing at least one element of substitution of said composition derived from Bi.sub.4 V.sub.2 O.sub.11, that element being in a metallic or cationic state. The invention equally relates to the use of the electrochemical cell with a view towards the separation or extraction of oxygen.Type: GrantFiled: July 28, 1994Date of Patent: November 12, 1996Assignees: L'Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Claude, Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Ecole National Superieure de Chimie de LilleInventors: Gaetan Mairesse, Jean-Claude Boivin, Gilles Lagrange, Panayotis Cocolios