Abstract: An electrolyzed water generating apparatus 1 includes: an electrolysis tank D containing a first electrode chamber Da having a cathode 6a, a second electrode chamber Db having anode 6b, and a separating membrane Sp separating the first electrode chamber Da and the second electrode chamber Db from each other; a first water inlet path 4a supplying the first electrode chamber Da with raw water from outside; a first water outlet path 7a carrying to outside hydrogen-containing electrolyzed water generated by electrolysis in the first electrode chamber Da; and a charge amount adjuster 10 for adjusting, during the electrolysis, an amount of electrical charge to be provided to the hydrogen-containing electrolyzed water. The charge amount adjuster 10 adjusts the amount of electrical charge per unit quantity of the generated hydrogen-containing electrolyzed water through control of an electrolytic current or an electrolytic voltage.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for controlling a drinking-water supply device, the method comprising: a first step of connecting a guide pipe of a case separated from a cabinet to form a channel through which water moves from the case to the cabinet; a second step of supplying the cabinet with hot water heated by a second hot water module included in the case; and a third step of supplying the cabinet with water which has not passed through the second hot water module included in the case, wherein a first hot water module, included in the cabinet, for heating water is not driven in the second step and the third step.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for controlling a drinking-water supply device, the method comprising: a first step of connecting a guide pipe of a case separable from a cabinet to form a channel through which water moves from the case to the cabinet; a second step of supplying the cabinet with sterile water electrolyzed by an electrolytic module included in the case; and a third step of supplying the cabinet with water which has not passed through the electrolytic module included in the case, wherein the sterilization water and the water are supplied to the cabinet from the case via the guide pipe in the second step and the third step.

Abstract: Process and apparatus to remove colloids and nitrogen compounds from contaminated water by coagulating the colloids and separating them from the water. The water is then continuously oxidized with chlorine electrolytically to destroy the nitrogen compounds.

Abstract: Contaminants are filtered from a fluid flow stream and the filter is regenerated by a process including steps of: providing a filter material comprising both carbon and potassium iodide; passing a contaminated fluid stream in contact with the filter material; adsorbing contaminants from the fluid stream onto surfaces in the filter material; passing an electric current through the filter material with adsorbed contaminant thereon; disassociating contaminant from the surfaces of the filter material; and removing disassociated contaminant from the filter material by carrying away the disassociated contaminant in a fluid flow mass. Separately, a stable, active iodine solution is also provided for numerous deodorizing and disinfecting applications.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing electrolytic reduced water capable of improving the sterilization performance and a control method thereof, the apparatus including an electrolytic cell configured to produce electrolytic reduced water by electrolyzing purified water that is penetrated through a reverse osmosis filter of a water purifying unit, a water storage tank configured to store the electrolytic reduced water, a sterilization electrolytic cell configured to produce sterilization water by electrolyzing reverse osmosis waste water that is discharged from the water purifying unit, and a control unit configured to perform a control operation to sterilize at least one of the water storage tank, a cork connected to the water storage tank, and a pipe that connect the water storage tank to the electrolytic cell by use of the sterilization water.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus that includes a cation exchange chamber containing a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange chamber containing an anion exchange resin. A bipolar interface is located between the resin chambers and defines a zone of water disassociation. A cathode communicates with the cation exchange chamber through a cation exchange membrane. An anode communicates with the anion exchange chamber through an anion exchange membrane. Dilution or flushing water flows through cathode and anode chambers and conveys captured ions to a drain or other waste connection. A baffle may be used in some configurations to divide a resin chamber into an exhausted resin region and a regenerated resin region and causes incoming water to flow through the exhausted resin region first. The exhausted resin region is located near its associated electrode, thus improving the electrical efficiency of the cell.

Abstract: A filtration apparatus and filtration method can be used to reduce at least one contaminant (e.g., organic molecules, ions and/or biological microorganisms) in an aqueous fluid. The filtration apparatuses and methods of the invention can separate at least one contaminant from an aqueous fluid and/or oxidize at least one contaminant. In operation, an aqueous fluid is flowed through a filtration apparatus comprising a porous carbon nanotube filter material at an applied voltage. In some embodiments, the filtration apparatus described herein can be used for dead-end filtration. In some embodiments, the filtration apparatus described herein can be used for cross-over filtration.

Abstract: Process and apparatus to remove colloids and nitrogen compounds from contaminated water by coagulating the colloids and separating them from the water. The water is then continuously oxidized with chlorine electrolytically to destroy the nitrogen compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochemically treated water, obtainable by means of a method that is characterized by the following steps: a) electrolyzing water and b) reducing the concentrations of the oxidants created in step a). The electrochemically treated water obtained in this manner is characterized by a disinfecting effect on bacteria, bacterial spores, fungi, fungal spores, viruses, prions, or mixtures thereof. The invention further relates to water, characterized in that the same has a disinfecting effect on bacteria, bacterial spores, fungi, fungal spores, viruses, algae, prions, or mixtures thereof, that it is substantially free of disinfection agents with the exception of the oxidants related to the disinfection agents, and that it has a total concentration of oxidants of less than 20 ppm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method that achieves water desalination by utilizing and optimizing clathrate hydrate phenomena. Clathrate hydrates are crystalline compounds of gas and water that desalinate water by excluding salt molecules during crystallization. Contacting a hydrate forming gaseous species with water will spontaneously form hydrates at specific temperatures and pressures through the extraction of water molecules from the bulk phase followed by crystallite nucleation. Subsequent dissociation of pure hydrates yields fresh water and, if operated correctly, allows the hydrate-forming gas to be efficiently recycled into the process stream.

Abstract: A method is provided that includes discharging a solute from a solute-bearing electrode into a discharge liquid stream. The discharge liquid stream has a relatively higher concentration of solute than a feed stream from which the solute-bearing electrode gained the solute. A system is provided, also.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for producing electrolytic water using three chambers, rigid plates and ion exchange membranes. Benefits include reduced scale production and increased long-term bactericidal effects of the water produced.

Abstract: A filtering method is directed to a wastewater of CMP process, which includes sub-micrometer particles suspended as colloid. The wastewater is filtered by a gel membrane formed on a surface of plastic filter. A coagulant or a pH adjuster is added to the wastewater so that the sub-micrometer particles are coagulated to form the gel membrane.

Abstract: In forming an electrolytic water, pure water or ultra-pure water is added to at least one solid supporting electrolyte selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid, ammonium oxalate, ammonium formate, ammonium bicarbonate, and ammonium tartrate to prepare a solution saturated with the supporting electrolyte. The solution containing the supporting electrolyte is subjected to hydrolysis to obtain an anodic water and a cathodic water.

Abstract: A waste water treatment device is provided in which removal of phosphorus and removal of nitrogen can efficiently be carried out and a decrease in size of the device and a decrease in cost can be achieved. The waste water treatment device includes a waste water treatment chamber; at least one set of electrodes disposed so that at least a part of the electrodes are immersed in waste water in the waste water treatment chamber, at least one of said electrodes dissolving out, by electrolysis, iron ions or aluminum ions for precipitating and removing phosphoric acid ions in waste water; a power source for supplying an electrolytic current to the set of electrodes; a control section for controlling the power source; and a metallic catalyst which is disposed in the vicinity of at least one of the sets of electrodes and which effects a denitrifying reaction with hydrogen in waste water.

Abstract: A process for producing improved alkaline water includes filtering potable source water to remove selected particles and then purifying the filtered water. Selected alkaline minerals are added to the purified water, with the resulting mineralized water being then electrolyzed to produce streams of acidic water and alkaline water, the alkaline water having a pH within the range of 9-10, a TDS range of 22-240 ppm (parts per million) and alkalinity in the range of 12-216 ppm.

Abstract: A portable hydration system comprising water disinfection, filtration and pump features. The system comprises an electrolytic oxidant generating cell which utilizes a salt to create oxidants for disinfecting liquids such as water.

Abstract: For dosing lithium in cooling water containing cationic impurities or for reducing cationic impurities, the invention guides cooling water cycle through a first side of an electrodialysis unit and guides a concentration cycle through a second side of the electrodialysis unit. Cationic impurities are filtered out of the medium of the concentration cycle with a selective ion exchanger that is disposed in the concentration cycle.

Abstract: The invention provides novel processes and apparatus for removal of copper from a solution or fluid, particularly spent etchant solutions that contain copper produced through printed circuit board manufacture. The invention is particularly useful for recovery/removal of copper from aqueous admixtures that contain a copper complexing agent.

Abstract: An under the counter water treatment system to treat water from an outside supply source, is provided. A prefilter to remove sediment, organic compounds, and certain pollutants is first provided. Then the water enters a reverse osmosis system including reverse osmotic membrane which filters out impurities and very small particles providing highly purified water, and is stored in a water tank. When the water exits the tank, it passes through an electrolytic cell having a plurality of plates. This electrolytic treatment creates oxygen in the water, inserts free electrons into the water, and improves the taste and affinity of the water for accepting other minerals. After passing out of the electrolytic cell, the water may pass through a final treatment stage after which it is provided at an outlet tap for consumption by an end user.

Abstract: Acid water containing hypochlorous acid is produced by an anode chamber of an electrolytic chamber, and alkali water is produced by a cathode chamber. The acid water is reserved in a reservoir tank and is returned into the anode chamber by actuating a return pump. The acid water returned into the anode chamber is subjected to further electrolysis, and fed in the cathode chamber through a first water supply line, an interconnection means and a second water supply line, so as to sterilize the interiors of the first water supply line, the interconnection and the second water supply line.

Abstract: A method for pickling products in a metal alloy containing iron, and products in titanium and alloys thereof, in the absence of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent, and for the recovery of the exhausted solutions, characterized in that the recovery of the exhausted solutions deriving from pickling comprises the following steps: sending of the pickling solution, both as catholyte and as anolyte, in an electro-chemical cell optionally of the membrane type to separate the Fe2+ (or Ti2+) ions to be disposed of, from the Fe3+ (or of the Ti3+ and Ti4+) ions to be recovered, obtained by reduction at the cathode of the Fe3+ ions which are in the catholyte to Fe2+ (or of the Ti3+ and Ti4+ ions to Ti2+) and of oxidation at the anode Fe2+ (or Ti2+) ions which are in the anolyte to Fe3+ (to Ti3+ and Ti4+); treating the catholytic solution coming out of the cell and enriched in Fe2+ (or Ti2+) ions as to allow the separation in two phases, a

Abstract: The present invention provides a sterilizing apparatus and a sterilizing method for medical instruments enabling easy sterilization of medical instruments in a short time.There are provided an electrolyzation device which produces acidic electrolytic water as a sterilization liquid by electrolyzing electrolytic water stored in an electrolytic cell, a sterilization bath for storing medical instruments to be sterilized by the acidic electrolytic water, and a circulation device which circulates the acidic electrolytic water between the electrolytic cell and sterilization bath thereby to sterilize the medical instruments.

Abstract: A method and a reactor for electrochemical conversion of a material (21) being insoluble in a fluid into a material being soluble in the fluid, which method comprises that a flow of the fluid is passed to a reaction zone which comprises an internal circuit consisting of: one or more working electrodes (12), one or more counter-electrodes (13), and one or more ion-selective electrolytes (11), and which internal circuit is applied with an electrical voltage difference sufficient for the electrochemical processes; and use thereof for removal of soot particles from flue gasses and removal of oil in waste water.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for manufacturing an electrolytic ionic water for treating a substrate, comprising an electrolytic cell including an anodic chamber and a cathodic chamber partitioned from the anodic chamber by a porous membrane, a first carbon electrode housed in the anodic chamber, a second carbon electrode housed in said cathodic chamber, apparatus for supplying an electrolyte solution prepared by dissolving a supporting electrolyte in pure water or ultra pure water into the electrolytic cell, apparatus for applying a DC voltage between the first and second carbon electrodes and so as to electrolyze the electrolyte solution, thereby to form an oxidizing ionic water in the anodic chamber and a reducing ionic water in the cathodic chamber, a first discharge port for discharging the oxidizing ionic water from within the anodic chamber, and a second discharge port for discharging the reducing ionic water from within the cathodic chamber.

Abstract: An increasing problem with the pulping chemical recovery system, is the presence of chloride and potassium in the recovery boiler. Chloride and potassium increase inter alia the stickiness of carryover deposits and dust particles to the recovery boiler tubes, which accelerate fouling, corrosion and plugging of the recovery boiler. As the environmental legislation becomes more stringent, the degree of system closure increases. The present invention relates to a process by which the collected precipitator dust is leached, at a temperature exceeding 50.degree. C., for a residence time sufficient to get a chloride and potassium enriched leach solution and to remove at least a part of the content of metal ions in a solid phase. Said leach solution is electrochemically treated, preferably in an electrodialysis cell, in order to remove at least a part of the chloride and potassium therein. By the present process, the problem of sticky deposits in the recovery boiler can be substantially reduced.

Abstract: Electrochemically regenerated RuO.sub.4 (or corresponding oxides of Os, Ir, Rh) is used in the decomposition of matter, especially matter containing organic material. The method has particular advantage in dealing with compounds containing chlorine and, in a development, provides for the removal of heteroatoms N, Cl P, As, S, avoiding contamination with unoxidised organics and/or Ru (or Os, Ir, Rh as the case may be).

Abstract: Chlorine ion-containing water supplied from one of water discharge pipelines of an electrolysis vessel of an apparatus for continuously forming electrolyzed water is caused to flow backwardly to one of electrode chambers and a water supply branch pipe thereof, passed through a water supply branch pipe of the other of the electrode chambers and/or a water supply pipeline at the upstream thereof and discharged through the other of the electrode chambers and from the other of the water discharge pipe lines. In this state, water in the electrolysis vessel is electrolyzed while operating the electrode of the electrode chamber in which water is caused to flow backwardly as an anode, and the electrolysis vessel and water channels at the upstream thereof are cleaned and sterilized by electrolyzed cleaning water in which hypochlorous acid is formed.

Abstract: A main feature of the present invention is to provide water for medical treatment that can eliminate superoxide anion radicals that trigger various disease. Raw water including at least sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium ions is supplied to an eloectrolytic water treatment apparatus comprising a cathode chamber and an anode chamber. A current within the range of 0.16 mA/cm.sup.2 .about.3.2 mA/cm.sup.2 is applied per each pair electrodes and one diaphragm for 0.5 seconds .about.5 seconds across a cathode electrode and an anode electrode to electrolyze the raw water. By this method, water for medical treatment is produced that has an oxidation-reduction potential value within the range of -150 mV.about.0 mV measured against a platinum electrode. The water for medical treatment can remove from the blood of a patient the SAR that causes various disease.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus for generating a sterilizing solution through the electrolytic treatment of an aqueous salt solution. An aqueous salt solution is passed, under pressure, into the working chamber of an electrolytic cell, which cell is divided into a working chamber and an auxiliary chamber by a permeable membrane. The solution is filtered through the membrane, and collected from an output of the auxiliary chamber. Gases, such as chlorine, liberated in the working chamber during electrolysis, are dissolved in a water supply, and this water supply is partially or fully mixed with the output of the auxiliary chamber so as to generate a sterilizing solution. The method and apparatus disclosed serves to generate a sterilizing solution with less expenditure of energy and raw materials than in the prior art.

Abstract: An improved laundry treatment system comprises a washer which is connected to discharge used water to a tank for filtration and recirculation to the washer, and a tank containing water for making up losses in the wash cycle, and an electrolytic cell therein comprising an enclosed compartment. The electrolytic cell comprises an enclosed compartment containing an anode and a cathode supported on the outside and inside respectively of an opening in the wall of the compartment open to the surrounding liquid when the compartment is immersed in the water in said tank for producing mixed oxidants dissolved in the make up water for oxidizing deleterious components without damaging the fabric being washed.

Abstract: An electrochemical leaching system for cleaning contaminated fines. The system has a waste vessel for receiving and holding a contaminated fines and lixiviant mixture. On a side of the waste vessel is an anolyte vessel holding an anolyte fluid. An anolyte barrier separates the waste and anolyte vessels. On an opposite side of the waste vessel is a catholyte vessel holding a catholyte fluid. A catholyte barrier separates the waste and catholyte vessels. A potential between an anode in the anolyte vessel and a cathode in the catholyte vessel ionizes the fines contaminants into anionic and cationic contaminants in the lixiviant. The anolyte and catholyte barriers allow the anionic and cationic contaminants, respectively, to flow from the lixiviant and into the anolyte and catholyte fluids in their respective vessels without allowing bulk transfer therebetween. The anionic and cationic contaminants are then removed from the anolyte and catholyte fluids. A cleaner lixiviant and fines exits the system.

Abstract: Electric parts including semiconductor substrates, glass substrates and the like are washed with various cleaning solutions. After the cleaning, said parts are cleaned with either anolyte or catholyte electrolytic ionized water (EIW) produced from deionized water.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to accomplish surface treatment such as cleaning, etching or after-treatment of parts or semi-processed articles for the manufacture of industrial or medical products without raising the problem of environmental pollution and without damaging or contaminating the treated articles. Water is electrolyzed in a tank which is partitioned by a porous membrane into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber to prepare a fresh anodic water containing H.sup.+ ion in the anode chamber and a fresh cathodic water containing OH.sup.- ion in the cathode chamber. The fresh anodic water and the fresh cathodic water are separately discharged from the electrolysis tank, and selected one of the anodic water and the cathodic water is brought into contact with the object of wet treatment.

Abstract: There is proposed a water treatment method by causing the water to be pured to flow through a first and a second compartments arranged in succession in an electrolysis cell divided by a permeable membrane into said first and second compartments. Each of the compartments accomodates an electrode, one of them being an anode, and the other--a cathode. Direct electric current is then passed through the water between the anode and the cathode, the current value being determined from the following equation:I=K.times.(C).sup.1/4 .times.Q,whereinI is the current amperage (A),C is the feed water mineralization equal to 0.1-1.5 g/l,Q is the water flow rate (1/hour), ##EQU1## the I/Q ratio being comprised within from about 110 to about 220 Coulomb/liter. The water is caused to flow successively from the anode compartment towards the cathode compartment. Once the water is discharged from the cathode compartment, it is subjected to filtering by passing the water through a bed of a porous carbonaceous material.

Abstract: A process to purify waste waters using chemical oxidation and Fenton's reagent by the action in the acid range of hydrogen peroxide and iron(II) compounds and subsequent precipitation in the weakly acid to alkaline range of the iron(III) compounds, said process being characterized in that the sludge containing iron(III) accumulating in addition to the purified waste water is reduced electrolytically back into iron(II) compounds and in that the sludge so reduced is fed back into the process. The process of the invention allows extensive purification of highly concentrated waste waters and furthermore problems arising with the treatment and elimination of the Fenton sludge can be circumvented.

Abstract: Effluent streams from photographic processes contain both silver and thiosulphate ions, and because of the formation of complex anions it is difficult to remove the silver. The silver may be removed using a cell (12) with a cathode (24) exposed to the effluent liquid, and an anode (25) separated from the liquid by a barrier (22) permeable at least to anions. Some silver sulphide is formed electrochemically at the cathode (24); at the anode (25) water is electrolysed and becomes acidic, so the complex anions migrating through the barrier (22) generate silver sulphide chemically. The resulting silver sulphide precipitate is separated from the liquid by a filter (14).