Group Iii Metal Halide Patents (Class 208/117)
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Patent number: 11215148Abstract: A power system comprises an engine configured to combust an air/fuel mixture and produce a flow of exhaust gas; an exhaust passageway fluidly connected to the engine to receive the flow of exhaust gas; an exhaust gas recirculation loop fluidly connecting the exhaust passageway to a fuel intake for the engine; a first conversion zone containing a fuel reforming catalyst located within the exhaust gas recirculation loop; and a second conversion zone located within the exhaust gas recirculation loop separate from and downstream of the first conversion zone stream, the second conversion zone containing a fuel cracking catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: July 3, 2019Date of Patent: January 4, 2022Assignee: EXXONMOBIL RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANYInventors: Shamel Merchant, Eugine Choi, Walter Weissman, Tilman W. Beutel, John F. Brody, Gerardo Majano, Karl G. Strohmaier, Brian Weiss, Robert J. Colby, Makoto Koike, Hiroshi Miyagawa, Seiji Yamamoto
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Patent number: 11060041Abstract: The disclosed invention is a process for liquefaction of hydrolysis residue of lignocellulosic biomass, original lignocellulosic biomass or municipal solid waste in alcohol-water media at alkaline conditions, for the production of low-Mw bio-oils. The disclosed process is characterized in that it works for the direct liquefaction of the biomass, and operates under mild conditions (<300° C. and <10 MPa) employing alkali compounds as catalysts (NaOH, KOH, CaO, Na2CO3, K2CO3, Ca(OH)2 or Ba(OH)2). The process is further characterized in that it employs mixed solvents (glycerol-water, ethylene-glycol, water, glycerol-alcohol-water or ethylene-glycol-alcohol water), where all solvents are recyclable and reusable. The low-Mw bio-oils from hydrolysis residue of lignocellulosic biomass, original lignocellulosic biomass or municipal solid waste can be utilized as a liquid bio-fuel or bio-based chemicals for the production of various bio-based materials.Type: GrantFiled: June 27, 2017Date of Patent: July 13, 2021Assignee: THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIOInventors: Chunbao Xu, Zhongshun Yuan, Shanghuan Feng
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Patent number: 8110092Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovery power from an FCC product. Gaseous hydrocarbon product from an FCC reactor is heat exchanged with a heat exchange media which is delivered to an expander to generate power. Cycle oil from product fractionation may be added to the gaseous FCC product to wash away coke precursors.Type: GrantFiled: August 23, 2010Date of Patent: February 7, 2012Assignee: UOP LLCInventor: John A. Petri
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Patent number: 7727377Abstract: A system 100 is described for the treatment of multiphase residues having unlimited content of water, oil and solids to obtain hydrocarbons and other products, said system comprising multiphase residue feed system 10, inert gas system 20 and reduced pressure system 30, tubular reactor 40 provided with three heating zones Z-1, Z-2 and Z-3 with a temperature gradient and transportation helicoid 42 to displace the residue mass throughout the reaction zones, the hydrocarbon products and water being collected in a system 60 of condensers 61, 62 and 63 linked to a system 70 of bubbling vessels 71, 72 and 73, reactor 40 being operated in the sealed mode and being provided with a multiphase residue inlet 43 and exit 44 of solid product. The solid product is collected in a system 50 comprising upper valve 51 and lower valve 52, and intermediate silo 53 and then directed to post-treatment system 90 for activation aiming at industrial utilization. The process using the system 100 of the invention is also described.Type: GrantFiled: March 9, 2005Date of Patent: June 1, 2010Assignees: Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras, Albrecht Equipamentos Industrials LTDAInventors: Arilza de Castilho Pickler, Luis Fernando Piexoto Gallo, Carlos Alberto Dias da Silva, Waldir Albrecht, Christine Albrecht Althoff
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Patent number: 7276148Abstract: The invention provides a multi-stage process for the treatment of organic waste comprising drying said waste to reduce the water content to below 15%; subjecting said dried waste to a thermochemical liquefaction process in the presence of a recirculating solvent medium at a temperature of about 275° C. to 375° C. and a pressure of up to 10 atmospheres, thereby obtaining gaseous, liquid and solid products; separating the formed slurry product from condensable gas, water and other liquid fractions boiling out at up to 250° C.; transferring said slurry product obtained from thermal extraction from step c to a pyrolysis apparatus and treating the same at a temperature of about 350° C. to 500° C.Type: GrantFiled: October 27, 2003Date of Patent: October 2, 2007Assignee: Bio-Petrol, Ltd.Inventor: Yafim Plopski
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Patent number: 5954947Abstract: A mild hydroconversion process for petroleum cuts using a catalyst comprising at least one matrix, at least one Y zeolite with a lattice parameter which is in the range 24.15 .ANG. to 24.38 .ANG. (1 nm--10 .ANG.), at least one Y zeolite with a lattice parameter of more than 24.38 .ANG. and less than or equal to 24.51 .ANG., and at least one hydro-dehydrogenating element.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 1997Date of Patent: September 21, 1999Assignee: Institut Francais du PetroleInventors: Samuel Mignard, Nathalie George-Marchal, Eric Benazzi, Slavik Kasztelan
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Patent number: 5648580Abstract: A supported Lewis acid catalyst system for catalyzing hydrocarbon conversion reactions including cationic polymerization, alkylation, isomerization and cracking reactions is disclosed, wherein the catalyst system comprises an inorganic oxide support having immobilized thereon at least one relatively strong Lewis acid and at least one relatively weak Lewis acid.Type: GrantFiled: September 4, 1996Date of Patent: July 15, 1997Assignee: Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.Inventors: Frank Joung-yei Chen, Christophe Le Deore, Roger Spitz, Alan Guyot
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Patent number: 5468369Abstract: A process and apparatus for short contact time fluidized catalytic cracking of heavy oil feed using a reactor with an upflow cat:oil vaporizer and a downflow reactor. Catalyst slip permits efficient mixing and limited conversion in the upflow section, while cracking is completed in the downflow reactor with minimal segregation of catalyst. FCC catalyst with more than 25 wt % Y zeolite content is preferred, and total vapor residence time should be less than 5 seconds.Type: GrantFiled: December 27, 1993Date of Patent: November 21, 1995Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventor: Gregory P. Muldowney
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Patent number: 4940531Abstract: Acid reacted metakaolin useful for the preparation of catalyst and catalyst support compositions. The compositions may include solid inorganic oxides, such as zeolites, clay and/or inorganic gels. The compositions are spray dried and calcined to obtain highly active, dense, attrition resistant fluid cracking catalysts, or used in the preparation of formed catalyst supports.Type: GrantFiled: April 10, 1989Date of Patent: July 10, 1990Assignee: W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn.Inventor: Roger J. Lussier
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Patent number: 4898661Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for dewaxing hydrocarbon oil which is characterized by bringing the hydrocarbon oil into contact with a catalyst which is prepared by mixing specific crystalline aluminosilicate, defined in claim 1, having an SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio between 12 and less than 70 with at least one solid fluorine compound selected from aluminum fluoride, ammonium fluoride, zinc fluoride, cadmium fluoride, manganese fluoride, chromium fluoride, tin fluoride, copper fluoride and silver fluoride; molding the resulting mixture into an optional shape; and calcining the molded mixture at a temperature of 100.degree. to 700.degree. C. for a time of 0.5 hour or more.Type: GrantFiled: July 29, 1987Date of Patent: February 6, 1990Assignee: Nippon Oil Co., Ltd.Inventors: Masaru Ushio, Hajime Okazaki
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Patent number: 4798667Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process is disclosed using a catalyst prepared by a method comprising reacting an adsorbent containing surface hydroxyl groups with a Lewis acid in a halogenated organic solvent.Type: GrantFiled: January 11, 1988Date of Patent: January 17, 1989Assignee: University of FloridaInventors: Russell S. Drago, Edward E. Getty
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Patent number: 4790930Abstract: A process is disclosed for the removal of basic heterocyclic nitrogen compounds from a petroleum crude oil or fraction thereof which comprises first treating the petroleum crude oil or fraction thereof rich in basic heterocyclic nitrogen compounds in a two-phase extraction zone with an extractant consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of a lower carboxylic acid, preferably having between 1 and 15 carbon atoms. The extractant complexes the basic heterocyclic nitrogen compounds to produce a stream of petroleum crude oil or fraction thereof having a smaller content of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds and a stream comprising the lower carboxylic acid extractant with an increased quantity of basic heterocyclic nitrogen compounds. The petroleum crude oil or fraction thereof possessing a reduced quantity of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds is hydrotreated in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrotreating catalyst to further remove the basic heterocyclic nitrogen compounds.Type: GrantFiled: May 29, 1987Date of Patent: December 13, 1988Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: Ajay M. Madgavkar, Don M. Washecheck
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Patent number: 4784749Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising hydrocarbon compounds to product comprising hydrocarbon compounds of lower molecular weight than feedstock hydrocarbon compounds over a catalyst comprising a siliceous zeolite prepared by the method comprising providing zeolite Beta containing boron and aluminum, treating the zeolite with silicon tetrachloride at a temperature and for a time sufficient to replace boron with silicon, and recovering the siliceous zeolite having reduced boron content but substantially preserved initial aluminum content. In particular embodiments, the conversion is selective cracking for waxes and the process is useful for reducing the pour point of fuel oils and lubricants.Type: GrantFiled: August 6, 1987Date of Patent: November 15, 1988Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Clarence D. Chang, David S. Shihabi, Paul B. Weisz
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Patent number: 4719190Abstract: Method of preparing a hydrocarbon conversion and polymerization catalyst comprising reacting an adsorbent containing surface hydroxyl groups with a Lewis acid in a halogenated organic solvent.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 1986Date of Patent: January 12, 1988Assignee: University of FloridaInventors: Russell S. Drago, Edward E. Getty
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Patent number: 4683051Abstract: A modified ZSM-5 type zeolite is provided by treatment of a ZSM-5 type zeolite with BF.sub.3. The novel product is characterized by reduced pore size and enhanced shape-selectivity, or by enhanced activity, or by both. This invention also provides a process for catalytically converting organic compounds by use of the novel composition, an illustrative conversion being the catalytic conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons.Type: GrantFiled: May 6, 1986Date of Patent: July 28, 1987Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventor: Paul G. Rodewald
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Patent number: 4623445Abstract: A process for reducing the molecular weight of hydrocarbons using NaAlCl.sub.4 is provided wherein the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the liquid product slate is approximately the same as the feed material. The process comprises contacting the feed material with a molten salt of NaAlCl.sub.4 having substantially no excess aluminum chloride or sodium chloride, preferably at a temperature of at least 660.degree. F., and at a pressure above atmospheric, preferably from about 50 psia to about 2000 psia, depending upon the product slate desired. According to the present invention, heavy hydrocarbons are converted to a liquid product slate wherein the product slate has an average molecular weight substantially lower than the average molecular weight of the hydrocarbon feedstock.Type: GrantFiled: December 4, 1984Date of Patent: November 18, 1986Assignee: Marathon Oil CompanyInventor: Mark A. Plummer
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Patent number: 4598059Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for in situ fluorinating a catalyst by passing a gas containing hydrogen through a catalyst bed, injecting a gaseous organic fluorine compound into the gas and recycling the gas at such a low temperature and during such a long period that more than 50% of the fluorine compound is physically adsorbed on the catalyst, and then increasing the temperature of the bed so as to finish the in situ fluorination.Type: GrantFiled: February 27, 1985Date of Patent: July 1, 1986Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: Frans Goudriaan, Timothy S. Hake, Peter Ladeur, Patrique Moureaux, Jean-Paul Saint, Nicolaas van Dijk
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Patent number: 4579987Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising paraffins, olefins or mixtures thereof to product comprising C.sub.5 + hydrocarbons over a catalyst comprising a high silica crystalline zeolite which has been treated by steps of calcining the crystalline material, contacting the calcined material with solid aluminum fluoride, and converting the aluminum fluoride contacted material to hydrogen form.Type: GrantFiled: May 13, 1985Date of Patent: April 1, 1986Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Clarence D. Chang, Joseph N. Miale
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Patent number: 4557803Abstract: A process for producing lower molecular weight products from higher molecular weight hydrocarbon liquid feedstock components is provided wherein the feedstock is contacted with an optimum catalyst comprising a molten salt of a tetrachloroaluminate. Selection of the optimum catalyst is based on the electronegativity of the tetrachloroaluminate catalyst cation.Type: GrantFiled: July 2, 1984Date of Patent: December 10, 1985Assignee: Marathon Oil CompanyInventor: Mark A. Plummer
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Patent number: 4555327Abstract: A process for producing lower molecular weight products from a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock is provided wherein the feedstock is contacted with a molten catalyst system comprising a tetrachloroaluminate catalyst and about 1 to about 25 mole percent water. The reaction is carried out at a pressure of from about atmospheric to about 14,200 kPa and a temperature of from about 350.degree. C. to about 550.degree. C. resulting in increased yields of the lower molecular weight liquid products and lower levels of catalyst residue.Type: GrantFiled: July 2, 1984Date of Patent: November 26, 1985Assignee: Marathon Oil CompanyInventor: Mark A. Plummer
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Patent number: 4517075Abstract: A process is provided for conducting organic compound conversion over a catalyst comprising a high silica crystalline zeolite which has been treated by contact with aluminum chloride vapor.Type: GrantFiled: December 28, 1983Date of Patent: May 14, 1985Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Ralph M. Dessau, George T. Kerr
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Patent number: 4515682Abstract: A process is provided for conducting organic compound conversion over a catalyst composition comprising a specially treated crystalline zeolite having a high initial silica-to-alumina mole ratio, said zeolite having been synthesized from a reaction mixture comprising a diamine as a cation source. The treatment of the zeolite material comprises the sequential steps of reacting the zeolite with a dilute hydrogen fluoride solution, contacting the hydrogen fluoride solution reacted material with aluminum chloride vapor, and then treating the aluminum chloride contacted material to convert it to hydrogen form.Type: GrantFiled: February 17, 1984Date of Patent: May 7, 1985Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Clarence D. Chang, Joseph N. Miale
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Patent number: 4505810Abstract: A process for producing lower average molecular weight products from heavy liquid hydrocarbons is provided comprising contacting the feed material in the presence of a co-catalyst system comprising a molten salt of sodium tetrachloroaluminate (NaAlCl.sub.4) and hydrogen tetrachloroaluminate (HAlCl.sub.4) at a pressure of from about 0.8 to about 140 atm (81 to about 14185 kPa) and a temperature of from about 200.degree. C. to about 550.degree. C.According to the present invention use of the HAlCl.sub.4 as a co-catalyst with NaAlCl.sub.4 results in increased yields of lower average molecular weight products and improved levels of denitrogenation and desulfurization. The elements of the co-catalyst system may be prepared separately and mixed.Type: GrantFiled: December 30, 1983Date of Patent: March 19, 1985Assignee: Marathon Oil CompanyInventors: Mark A. Plummer, Robert C. Bugle
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Patent number: 4504378Abstract: A process for reducing the molecular weight of hydrocarbons using NaAlCl.sub.4 is provided wherein the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the product slate is approximately the same as the feed material, comprising contacting the feed material with a molten salt of NaAlCl.sub.4 having a ratio of aluminum chloride to sodium chloride of at least 1:1, preferably at a temperature of at least 660.degree. F., and at a pressure above atmospheric, preferably from about 50 psia to about 2000 psia, depending upon the product slate desired. According to the present invention, heavy hydrocarbons are converted to a liquid product slate wherein substantially all of the liquid components exhibit a molecular weight lower than the molecular weight range exhibited by the hydrocarbon feedstock.Type: GrantFiled: February 18, 1983Date of Patent: March 12, 1985Assignee: Marathon Oil CompanyInventor: Mark A. Plummer
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Patent number: 4500422Abstract: A process is provided for conducting organic compound conversion over a catalyst comprising a crystalline zeolite which has been treated by impregnation with an ammoniacal aluminum fluoride solution, contact with an ammonium salt solution, and calcination.Type: GrantFiled: November 16, 1983Date of Patent: February 19, 1985Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Joseph N. Miale, Clarence D. Chang
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Patent number: 4363717Abstract: This invention provides a process for upgrading a heavy hydrocarbon oil to motor fuel products.The heavy hydrocarbon oil is admixed with a metal halide catalyst and a solvent component under supercritical conditions to form (1) a dense-gas solvent phase which contains refined hydrocarbon crackate, and which is substantially free of metal halide catalyst content; and (2) a residual asphaltic phase.Type: GrantFiled: January 15, 1981Date of Patent: December 14, 1982Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Bruce P. Pelrine, Nai Y. Chen, Tsoung Y. Yan
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Patent number: 4317712Abstract: Heavy petroleum oils, such as vacuum resids, and heavy fractions of tar sands and shale oil, are partially converted to more volatile hydrocarbons by mixing with light aromatic hydrocarbons and treatment of the mixture with a Friedel-Crafts catalyst such as aluminum chloride. It is believed that the conversion found is essentially a transalkylation, i.e. the resid undergoes dealkylation with concurrent alkylation of the light aromatic hydrocarbon.Type: GrantFiled: April 14, 1981Date of Patent: March 2, 1982Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventor: Malvina Farcasiu
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Patent number: 4311581Abstract: Reduction of CO and SO.sub.x emissions from regenerators associated with cyclical fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) units used to convert hydrocarbon feedstocks into more valuable products is achieved by introducing particles of bastnaesite into the FCC unit. The bastnaesite particles recycle with the catalyst particles successively through a catalytic cracking reaction zone, a stripping zone, and a regeneration zone. The bastnaesite particles react with SO.sub.x produced in the regeneration zone of the FCC unit, thereby lowering the SO.sub.x content of the flue gas discharged therefrom. In the catalytic cracking and stripping zones of the FCC unit, the bastnaesite particles are at least partially reactivated so that upon returning to the regeneration zone yet more SO.sub.2 is removed. The bastnaesite particles also aid in lowering CO emissions from the FCC regenerator by catalyzing the reaction between CO and oxygen to yield CO.sub.2.Type: GrantFiled: January 7, 1980Date of Patent: January 19, 1982Assignee: Union Oil Company of CaliforniaInventors: Kenneth Baron, Dennis P. McArthur
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Patent number: 4123379Abstract: Solids have been prepared having very strongly acidic properties for hydrocarbon reactions. The solids are synthesized from anhydrous AlCl.sub.3 and a solid Bronsted acid.Type: GrantFiled: May 4, 1977Date of Patent: October 31, 1978Assignee: University of DelawareInventors: Bruce C. Gates, Vincent L. Magnotta, George C. A. Schuit