Abstract: The invention provides a method for pretreating a hydrocarbon steam cracker feed, comprising contacting the feed with a solvent to produce a pretreated feed having a reduced content of fouling components that cause fouling in the preheat, convection and radiant sections of the steam cracker and a rich solvent having an increased content of fouling components. The invention further provides a method for steam cracking hydrocarbons comprising: a) feeding a hydrocarbon steam cracker feed to the process; b) pretreating the feed by contacting the feed with a solvent to produce a pretreated feed having a reduced content of fouling components that cause fouling in the steam cracker and a rich solvent having an increased content of fouling components; c) heating the pretreated feed; and d) passing the pretreated feed through a steam cracker under cracking conditions to produce cracked products.

Abstract: Cracking furnace system for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock into cracked gas comprising a convection section, a radiant section and a cooling section, wherein the convection section includes a plurality of convection banks configured to receive and preheat hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein the radiant section includes a firebox comprising at least one radiant coil configured to heat up the feedstock to a temperature allowing a pyrolysis reaction, wherein the cooling section includes at least one transfer line exchanger.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments, presently disclosed are processes for producing petrochemical products from a hydrocarbon material. The process may include separating the hydrocarbon material into at least a lesser boiling point fraction and a greater boiling point fraction, combining steam with the greater boiling point fraction upstream of the cracking of the lesser boiling point fraction, cracking at least a portion of the greater boiling point fraction in the presence of a first catalyst to produce a first cracking reaction product, cracking at least a portion of the lesser boiling point fraction in the presence of a second catalyst in an environment comprising less than 0.1 mol. % water to produce a second cracking reaction product, and separating the petrochemical products from one or both of the first cracking reaction product or the second cracking reaction product.

Abstract: A process for steam cracking a whole crude including a volatilization step performed to maintain a relatively large hydrocarbon droplet size. The process may include contacting a whole crude with steam to volatilize a portion of the hydrocarbons, wherein the contacting of the hydrocarbon feedstock and steam is conducted at an initial relative velocity of less than 30 m/s, for example. The resulting vapor phase, including volatilized hydrocarbons and steam may then be separated from a liquid phase comprising unvaporized hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons in the vapor phase may then be forwarded to a steam pyrolysis reactor for steam cracking of the hydrocarbons in the vapor phase.

Abstract: A system and process for refining crude oil to produce higher-purity, cleaner-burning designer fuels with reduced emissions. The crude oil may be treated with viscosity-reductant additives, which reduces viscosity by up to 50% and increases API gravity by more than 2 points. The method of spray-cracking and vacuum-flashing of crude oil separates light end chains and heavy end chains inside the reactor. The vapor is condensed into designer fuels like bunker, diesel, jet/kerosene fuel, naphtha and gasoline fuel using multi-stage horizontal reverse condensate-condenser. The GVF centrifuges are configured to separate targeted fuels of desired density value as per their ideal fuel densities, which carry out centrifugal polishing to generate targeted fuel products of desired density and hydrocarbon molecules of desired purity values. These designer fuels are further treated with desulfurization additive.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process (100) for deriving polymerizable aromatic compounds having nine carbon atoms (S) in which a component mixture (B) is formed at least partially by steam cracking, in which the component mixture (B) is subjected to a workup (2, 3, 4, 5) comprising a gasoline removal (5) and thereafter is a compression (8) and a fractionation (10), and wherein one or more pyrolysis gasoline fractions (H, L) is or are formed in the gasoline removal (5) and/or the compression (8). The invention provides that a separation feed is formed which comprises predominantly exclusively pyrolysis gasoline from the or at least one of the pyrolysis gasoline fractions (H, L) and that the separation feed is subjected to a separation (7), wherein in the separation (7) at least one fraction (P) enriched in aromatic compounds having nine carbon atoms compared to the separation feed is formed. A corresponding plant likewise forms part of the subject matter of the invention.

Abstract: A cracking furnace includes a pyrolysis tube 1 for carrying a flow of fluid, the pyrolysis tube including a radially inner body 3 and a radially outer wall 2 which together define an annular flow passage 5, wherein at least one of the radially inner body and the radially outer wall has a centre line which extends helically in a longitudinal direction of the pyrolysis tube, so as to promote rotation of the fluid as it flows along the pyrolysis tube.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems and processes for producing olefins and/or dienes. The systems and processes may include thermally cracking a C1-C4 hydrocarbon containing feed to produce a cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing a mixture of olefins and paraffins. The systems and processes may also include dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon effluent containing additional olefins and/or dienes.

Abstract: Process scheme configurations are disclosed that enable deep hydrogenation of middle distillates. The hydrogenated middle distillates are processed in a steam cracker for conversion into light olefins. Feeds to the deep hydrogenation zone include diesel range streams from a diesel hydrotreating zone, a gas oil hydroprocessing zone, and/or a vacuum residue hydrocracking zone. The deep hydrogenation zone operates under conditions effective to reduce aromatic content in a diesel range feedstream from a range of about 10-40 wt % or greater, to a hydrogenated distillate range intermediate product having an aromatic content of less than about 5-0.5 wt %.

Abstract: A feedstock is processed in an FCC unit to produce at least light olefins, FCC naphtha, light cycle oil and heavy cycle oil. Light cycle oil, and in certain embodiments hydrotreated light cycle oil, is subjected to deep hydrogenation to produce a deeply hydrogenated middle distillate fraction. All or a portion of the deeply hydrogenated middle distillate fraction is used as feed to the stream cracking zone to produce light olefins.

Abstract: Process scheme configurations are disclosed that enable deep hydrogenation of middle distillates. The hydrogenated middle distillates are processed in a steam cracker for conversion into light olefins. Feeds to the deep hydrogenation zone include diesel range streams from a diesel hydrotreating zone, a gas oil hydroprocessing zone, and/or a vacuum residue hydrocracking zone. The deep hydrogenation zone operates under conditions effective to reduce aromatic content in a diesel range feedstream from a range of about 10-40 wt % or greater, to a hydrogenated distillate range intermediate product having an aromatic content of less than about 5-0.5 wt %.

Abstract: Process scheme configurations are disclosed that enable deep hydrogenation of middle distillates. The hydrogenated middle distillates are processed in a steam cracker for conversion into light olefins. Feeds to the deep hydrogenation zone include diesel range streams from a diesel hydrotreating zone, a gas oil hydroprocessing zone, and/or a vacuum residue hydrocracking zone. The deep hydrogenation zone operates under conditions effective to reduce aromatic content in a diesel range feedstream from a range of about 10-40 wt % or greater, to a hydrogenated distillate range intermediate product having an aromatic content of less than about 5-0.5 wt %.

Abstract: Process scheme configurations are disclosed that enable deep hydrogenation of middle distillates. The hydrogenated middle distillates are processed in a steam cracker for conversion into light olefins. Feeds to the deep hydrogenation zone include diesel range streams from a diesel hydrotreating zone, a gas oil hydroprocessing zone, and/or a vacuum residue hydrocracking zone. The deep hydrogenation zone operates under conditions effective to reduce aromatic content in a diesel range feedstream from a range of about 10-40 wt % or greater, to a hydrogenated distillate range intermediate product having an aromatic content of less than about 5-0.5 wt %.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a heat transfer tube including an inner surface and an outer surface. The heat transfer tube further includes a first mixing element and a second mixing element disposed on the inner surface of the tube and projecting inwardly toward a central longitudinal axis of the tube. Adjacent mixing elements are separated by a gap arc distance of about 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) or greater. The first helical row has an angle (?) from about 15 degrees to about 85 degrees relative to the central longitudinal axis of the tube. The tube has an inner diameter of about 1.85 inches (4.7 cm) or less.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and materials for pyrolyzing vegetable oil feedstocks to obtain high yields of various products are described.

Abstract: Flash chemical ionizing pyrolysis (FCIP) process. The FCIP includes mixing an iron source material, an alkali or alkaline earth metal chloride source material, an aqueous phase, and an oil component to form a feed emulsion; introducing the feed emulsion into an FCIP reactor at a temperature greater than about 400° C. up to about 600° C., a pressure from 10 to 50 psia and a residence time of 0.1 to 10 seconds, to form an FCIP effluent; and condensing a liquid ionizing pyrolyzate (LIP) from the effluent. The feed emulsion can be free of added solids other than the iron source material, the alkali or alkaline earth metal chloride source material, and any sediment in the oil component.

Abstract: A quenching system for a plant, operating a cracking furnace, works with liquid as well as gaseous starting materials. The quenching system includes a primary heat exchanger (PQE 10) and a secondary heat exchanger (SQE 11) and a tertiary heat exchanger. A TLX-D exchanger (TLX-D 26) is arranged and configured as the tertiary heat exchanger for dual operation. The TLX-D (26) is connected in series via a TLX-D gas feed line (24) to the SQE 11. The TLX-D (26) is connected to a steam drum (59), which is connected to a feed water line (49), via a TLX-D feed water drain line (34) and a TLX-D riser (46) and a TLX-D downcomer (38). The SQE 11 is connected to the steam drum (59), which is connected to the feed water line (49), via a TLX downcomer (52) and a TLX-riser (57).

Abstract: This application relates to a heat transfer tube, its method of manufacture and its use for thermal cracking hydrocarbon feeds, such as thermal cracking in furnaces. The heat transfer tube comprises a chromium and aluminum carburization-resistant alloy capable of generating a typically continuous aluminum oxide scale under thermal cracking conditions that reduces coking and thereby enhances heat transfer. The carburization-resistant alloy comprises 25.1 to 55.0 wt. % nickel; 18.1 to 23.9 wt. % chromium; 4.1 to 7.0 wt. % aluminum; and iron. Additionally, the carburization-resistant alloy has at least one strengthening mechanism to provide desirable mechanical properties. The carburization-resistant alloy composition is also resistant to the formation of cracks during centrifugal casting.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of reduction of chlorine in pyrolysis products derived from a mixed plastics stream. Methods may comprise: (a) causing pyrolysis of a plastic feedstock to produce a first stream of C1-C4 gaseous hydrocarbons and light gas olefins and a second stream comprising the remaining pyrolysis components. The second stream and hydrogen gas may be fed into a hydrocracker to produce a third stream of gaseous C1-C4 hydrocarbon gases and a fourth stream comprising the remaining hydrocracker components. The fourth stream may be fed to either (i) a steam cracker to produce a fifth stream comprising C1-C4 gaseous hydrocarbons and light gas olefins, a sixth stream comprising C6-C8 hydrocarbons and a seventh stream comprising hydrocarbons heavier than C8; or (ii) a fluidized catalytic cracker to produce an eighth stream comprising C1-C4 gases and light gas olefins and a ninth stream comprising hydrocarbons that are C5 or greater.

Abstract: A flow battery system includes a first tank having a hydrogen reactant, a second tank having a bromine electrolyte, at least one cell including a hydrogen reactant side operably connected to the first tank through an ¾ feed and return system and a bromine electrolyte side operably connected to the second tank, and a crossover return system. The crossover return system includes a vessel operably connected to the ¾ feed and return system and configured to receive an effluent containing a first portion of the hydrogen reactant and a second portion of the bromine electrolyte, the vessel configured to separate the first portion from the second portion. A first return line returns the first portion of the hydrogen reactant to the first tank and a second return line returns the bromine electrolyte to the second tank.

Abstract: A steam cracking process for converting hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbons, particularly olefins, in a tube reactor comprising a convection section, a cross-over section, and a radiant section. The process includes heating the fluid mixture inside the tube to a temperature at the end of the convection section where significant cracking occurs in the cross-over section. The high convection section and cross-over section temperatures allow for lower tube wall temperature in the radiant section resulting in less coke deposition on the inner wall of the tube, and hence extended run-lengths between adjacent decoking sessions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for power recovery in a process for producing ethylene, comprising steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed to produce a cracked gas product; cooling the cracked gas product by indirect heat exchange with high pressure liquid water to obtain cooled cracked gas product while evaporating the high pressure liquid water to high pressure steam; expanding the high pressure steam in a first steam expansion turbine to produce power and to obtain medium pressure steam; heating at least part of the medium pressure steam to increase the temperature of the medium pressure steam by passing the medium pressure steam through a convection zone of the cracking furnace and retrieving reheated medium pressure steam from the convection zone; expanding at least part of the reheated medium pressure steam in a second steam expansion turbine to produce power and to obtain low pressure steam.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to processes for separating steam cracker products by fractional distillation, and to systems and apparatus useful in such processes. More specifically, the invention relates to decreasing the amount of fractionator fouling that can result from increasing the amount of hydrocarbon molecules in the steam cracker feed having four or fewer carbon atoms.

Abstract: An integrated slurry hydroprocessing and steam pyrolosyis process for the production of olefins and aromatic petrochemicals from a crude oil feedstock is provided. Crude oil, a steam pyrolysis residual liquid fraction and slurry reside are combined and treated in a hydroprocessing zone in the presence of hydrogen under conditions effective to produce an effluent having an increased hydrogen content. The effluent is thermally cracked with steam under conditions effective to produce a mixed product stream and steam pyrolysis residual liquid fraction. The mixed product stream is separated and olefins and aromatics are recovered and hydrogen is purified and recycled.

Abstract: A process for recovering 1,3-butadiene from a C4 fraction, where the butadiene extraction processes may be operated at an intermediate pressure using a liquid ring type compressor. The use of a liquid ring compressor, among other process options presented herein, may advantageously reduce capital and operating costs, similar to the compressorless option, while mitigating the risks associated with the higher operating temperatures and pressures associated with the compressorless option. Thus, the embodiments of the processes disclosed herein encompass the best features of the conventional design (low pressure, with a compressor) with the advantages of the compressorless design (low capital and operating cost), as well as other advantages unique to the systems disclosed herein.

Abstract: Provided is a process for cracking a hydrocarbon feedstock. The process having the steps of (a) continuously passing the feedstock through a vapor-liquid separator in which the feedstock is separated into a volatile stream and a non-volatile stream; (b) continuously passing the non-volatile stream to a cracker; and (c) continuously recycling a portion of the volatile stream to the feedstock. There is also an apparatus for cracking a hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a steam cracking process, comprising heating a liquid feed stock in a convection section of a cracking furnace and subsequently conveying the material to a radiant section of the cracking furnace for cracking reaction therein, wherein a monoolefin-containing stream is conveyed to the cracking furnace for cracking reaction through at least one of modes A to C.

Abstract: A reactor design and configuration and a process for the catalytic dehydration of butanol to butylenes where the reactor train is comprised of a multi-stage single reactor vessel or multiple reactor vessels wherein each stage and/or vessel has different length, internal diameter, and volume than the other stages and/or vessels and in addition the stages and/or reactor vessels are connected in series or in parallel arrangement, preferably used with an improved means of introducing the butanol feedstock and a heat carrying inert gas to the improved reactor train.

Abstract: A method and a process to treat coke generated from a process application. The method includes the steps of recovering a mixture of coke particles and water or steam removed from at least one process application vessel. The mixture is directed to a cyclonic separator utilizing centrifugal force and gravity. Water is separated from the mixture in the cyclonic separator. Coke particles are separated from the mixture in the cyclonic separator and are directed to a thermal oxidizer. Coke particles are oxidized and gasified in the thermal oxidizer to produce gas and reduced particulate matter. The gas and reduced particulate matter are thereafter directed to a burner in the process application vessel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for cracking a hydrocarbon-containing feed in a cracking furnace. A plurality of heat exchangers are arranged in the convection zone of the cracking furnace to utilize the heat of flue gas formed in the radiation zone by combustion. Depending on the type and state of matter of the hydrocarbon-containing feed, flow occurs through the heat exchangers to achieve, independently of the type and state of matter of the hydrocarbon-containing feed, an exit temperature of the flue gas in the range from 80° C. to 150° C.

Abstract: A process for making a bio-naphtha and optionally bio-propane from a complex mixture of natural occurring fats & oils, wherein said complex mixture is subjected to a refining treatment for removing the major part of non-triglyceride and non-fatty acid components, thereby obtaining refined fats & oils; said refined fats & oils are transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffin's as the bio-naphtha by an hydrodeoxygenation or from said refined fats & oils are obtained fatty acids that are transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffin's as the bio-naphtha by hydrodeoxygenation or decarboxylation of the free fatty acids or from said refined fats & oils are obtained fatty acids soaps that are transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffin's as the bio-naphtha by decarboxylation of the soaps.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention includes in a process for cracking a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising: a) feeding a hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least 1 wt % of resid components having boiling points of at least 500° C. to a furnace convection section to heat the feedstock; b) flashing the heated feedstock in a first flash separation vessel to create a first overhead stream and a first bottoms liquid stream; c) hydrogenating at least a portion of the first bottoms liquid stream to create a hydrogenated bottoms stream; d) flashing the hydrogenated bottoms stream in a second flash separation vessel to create a second overhead stream and a second bottoms liquid stream; e) cracking the first overhead stream and the second overhead stream in a cracking furnace to produce a pyrolysis effluent stream. In other embodiments, the process further comprises heating the hydrocarbon feedstock in step a) to a temperature within a range of from 315° C. to 705° C.

Abstract: A process for the on-stream decoking of a steam cracking furnace, the steam cracking furnace including multiple tube banks positioned between a hydrocarbon feedstock inlet and a convection section to radiant section crossover, each tube bank including a plurality of tubes arranged within the tube bank, the process comprising the steps of terminating the flow of hydrocarbon feed to a portion of the plurality of tubes of less than all of the multiple tube banks, and supplying a decoking feed comprising steam to the portion of the plurality of tubes of less than all of the multiple tube banks in sufficient amount to effect removal of coke accumulated on the interior of the radiant coils and quench system components fed by such tubes while maintaining a temperature at the convection section to radiant section crossover of below about 788° C. A furnace for the production of ethylene is also provided.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method for thermal cracking or steam cracking of hydrocarbons comprising: supersaturating a hydrocarbonaceous liquid or slurry stream in a high shear device with a gas stream comprising steam or hydrogen and optionally one or more C1-C6 hydrocarbons to form a supersaturated dispersion; and introducing the supersaturated dispersion into a thermal cracking or steam cracking reactor to generate a product stream. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting the supersaturated dispersion with a cracking catalyst in a slurry, a fluidized catalyst bed, or a fixed catalyst bed. In some embodiments, the cracking catalyst is mixed with the hydrocarbonaceous liquid or slurry stream and the gas stream in the high shear device. Herein also disclosed is a system for thermal cracking or steam cracking of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process and system for upgrading an organic feedstock including providing an organic feedstock and water mixture, feeding the mixture into a high-rate, hydrothermal reactor, wherein the mixture is rapidly heated, subjected to heat, pressure, and turbulent flow, maintaining the heat and pressure of the mixture for a residence time of less than three minutes to cause the organic components of the mixture to undergo conversion reactions resulting in increased yields of distillate fuels, higher-quality kerosene and diesel fuels, and the formation of high octane naphtha compounds. Hydrocarbon products are cooled at a rate sufficient to inhibit additional reaction and recover of process heat, and depressurizing the hydrocarbon products, and separating the hydrocarbon products for further processing.

Abstract: The invention concerns integration of hydroprocessing and steam cracking. A feed comprising crude or resid-containing fraction thereof is severely hydrotreated and passed to a steam cracker to obtain an olefins product.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feed is passed to a first zone of a vaporization unit to separate a first vapor stream and a first liquid stream. The first liquid stream is passed to a second zone of the vaporization unit and contacted intimately with a counter-current steam produce a second vapor stream and a second liquid stream. The first vapor stream and the second vapor stream are cracked in the radiant section of the steam cracker to produce a cracked effluent. The second liquid stream is thermally cracked in a coking drum to produce a coker effluent and coke. The coker effluent is separated into a coker gas and a coker liquid. The coker liquid is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to produce a hydroprocessed product. The hydroprocessed product is separated into a gas product and a liquid product. The liquid product is fed to the vaporization unit.

Abstract: A process for cracking a heavy hydrocarbon feed comprising a vaporization step, a coking step, a hydroprocessing step, and a steam cracking step is disclosed.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feed is passed to a first zone of a vaporization unit to separate a first vapor stream and a first liquid stream. The first liquid stream is passed to a second zone of the vaporization unit and contacted with a counter-current steam to produce a second vapor stream and a second liquid stream. The first vapor stream and the second vapor stream are cracked in the radiant section of the steam cracker to produce a cracked effluent. The second liquid stream is catalytically cracked to produce a cracked product. The cracked product is distilled to produce an overhead stream, a light cycle oil, and a heavy cycle oil. The light cycle oil is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to produce a hydrotreated light cycle oil. The hydrotreated light cycle oil and the overhead stream are fed to the vaporization unit.

Abstract: A process for cracking a heavy hydrocarbon feed comprising a vaporization step, a hydroprocessing step, and a steam cracking step is disclosed. The heavy hydrocarbon feed is passed to a first zone of a vaporization unit to separate a first vapor stream and a first liquid stream. The first liquid stream is passed to a second zone of the vaporization unit and contacted intimately with a counter-current steam to produce a second vapor stream and a second liquid stream. The first vapor stream and the second vapor stream are cracked in the radiant section of the steam cracker to produce a cracked effluent. The second liquid stream is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to produce a hydroprocessed product. A liquid hydroprocessed product is fed to the vaporization unit.

Abstract: The invention concerns integration of hydroprocessing and steam cracking. A feed comprising crude or resid-containing fraction thereof is treated by hydroprocessing and visbreaking and then passed to a steam cracker to obtain a product comprising olefins.

Abstract: Embodiments of a nozzle reactor of the type useable to inject a first material feed stock and a second material feed stock to cause interaction between the first material feed stock and second material feed stock are described herein. According to some embodiments, the nozzle reactor may crack residual oil produced by other processing units in a refinery process. Furthermore, nozzle reactors may replace traditional processing units of a refinery process, such as cokers, hydrocrackers and deasphalting units.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method for sequestering carbon dioxide. Biomass is converted into paraffinic hydrocarbons. The paraffinic hydrocarbons are steam cracked into olefins. The olefins are polymerized into non-biodegradable polyolefins.

Abstract: Systems and methods for staging an investment in hydrocarbon processing are provided. In a first stage, a hydrocarbon feed can be apportioned equally or unequally into first and second portions. The first portion can be mixed with one or more oxidants and gasified to provide a first effluent, at least a portion of which can be combusted to provide steam. The second portion can be mixed with one or more solvents to provide one or more fungible hydrocarbon products, at least a portion of which can be sold to generate capital. In a second stage, the hydrocarbon feed can be mixed with one or more solvents and one or more non-catalytic solids and the resultant mixture thermally cracked to provide one or more hydrocarbon products and coked non-catalytic solids. The coked, non-catalytic solids can be regenerated and recycled.

Abstract: Embodiments of a nozzle reactor of the type useable to inject a first material feed stock and a second material feed stock to cause interaction between the first material feed stock and second material feed stock are described herein. According to some embodiments, the nozzle reactor may crack residual oil produced by other processing units in a refinery process. Furthermore, nozzle reactors may replace traditional processing units of a refinery process, such as cokers, hydrocrackers and deasphalting units.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for cracking a hydrocarbon feed in a steam cracking furnace by withdrawing a resid-rich stream from a resid knockout vessel and recycling the resid-rich stream through a convection heating section of the furnace.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for thermally cracking a hydrocarbon feed in an installation comprising a radiant section and a convection section, wherein a hydrocarbon feed stock is fed to a feed preheater present in the convection section, the heat pick-up of the feed preheater is controlled by regulating the heat exchange capacity of an economiser, said economiser being located in the convection section between the feed preheater and the radiant section, and wherein the feed heated in the preheater is thereafter cracked in the radiant section. The invention further relates to an installation for the cracking of a hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and system for cracking hydrocarbon feedstock containing vacuum resid comprising: (a) subjecting a vacuum resid to a first thermal conversion in a thermal conversion reactor (such as delayed coker, fluid coker, Flexicoker™, visbreaker and catalytic hydrovisbreaker) where at least 30 wt % of the vacuum resid is converted to material boiling below 1050° F. (566° C.); (b) introducing said thermally converted resid to a vapor/liquid separator, said separator being integrated into a steam cracking furnace, to form a vapor phase and liquid phase; (c) passing said vapor phase to the radiant furnace in said steam cracking furnace; and (d) recovering at least 30 wt % olefins from the material exiting the radiant furnace (based upon the weight of the total hydrocarbon material exiting the radiant furnace).

Abstract: A process and apparatus for cracking a hydrocarbon feed containing resid, comprising: heating a hydrocarbon feedstock containing resid; passing said heated hydrocarbon feedstock to a vapor/liquid separator; flashing said heated hydrocarbon feedstock in said vapor/liquid separator to form a vapor phase and a liquid phase containing said resid; passing at least a portion of said resid-containing liquid phase from said vapor/liquid separator to a thermal conversion reactor operating at 649° C. or more, wherein the thermal conversion reactor contains coke particles; and converting at least a portion of said resid into olefins.

Abstract: In one aspect, the inventive process comprises a process for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock containing nonvolatiles in a regenerative pyrolysis reactor system. The inventive process comprises: (a) heating the nonvolatile-containing hydrocarbon feedstock upstream of a regenerative pyrolysis reactor system to a temperature sufficient to form a vapor phase that is essentially free of nonvolatiles and a liquid phase containing the nonvolatiles; (b) separating said vapor phase from said liquid phase; (c) feeding the separated vapor phase to the pyrolysis reactor system; and (d) converting the separated vapor phase in said pyrolysis reactor system to form a pyrolysis product.