Abstract: Heavy oil is hydrotreated by processing with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising an activated carbon component having a specified range of pore volume distribution and average pore diameter, a molybdenum or tungsten component and a cobalt or nickel component to reduce the content of nickel and vanadium therein and to achieve demetallation and conversion of the carbon residue for producing a lighter oil.

Abstract: A method of operating a continuous process employing solid catalyst particles by means of charging a feedstock to a reactor and contacting the feedstock with a dense-phase moving bed of catalyst particles at conversion conditions in a reactor. A hydrogen-rich gas containing unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds is recovered from the reactor effluent and at least a portion is contacted with a hydrogenation catalyst to hydrogenate the olefins. The resulting hydrogenated hydrogen-rich gaseous stream is heated and used to supply heat to a vessel containing solid catalyst particles which are preheated and subsequently introduced into the reactor.

Abstract: Mid-distillate hydrocarbon fuels, preferably having initial boiling points above 350.degree. F., are separated e.g. by prep-HPLC into non-aromatic and aromatic fractions which are used to set 0% aromatics (the non-aromatics) and 100% aromatics (the aromatics) on an NIR spectrophotometer. From NIR aromatic band absorbances of unknown samples, their percent aromatics is determined using this two-point calibration and the Beer-Lambert equation. Preferred NIR bands of 1650-1700 and 2120-2256 exhibit excel lent correlation with aromatics content.

Abstract: This invention relates to hydrocarbon conversion processes using novel molecular sieve compositions as the catalyst. These molecular sieves contain chromium in the framework structure along with aluminum and silicon. The process of preparing the chromium-containing molecular sieves involves contacting a starting molecular sieve with a solution or slurry of a fluoro salt of chromium under effective process conditions to provide for aluminum extraction and substitution of chromium.

Abstract: Non-acidic tin-, lead-, or indium-modified Pt/ZSM-5 catalysts are effective catalysts for the shape selective preferential hydrogenation of certain aromatic hydrocarbons in admixture with others. These catalysts can be used to reduce the aromatic content of gasoline and distillates.

Abstract: A process and catalyst are provided for the hydrogenation of a hydrocarbon feedstock consisting essentially of hydrocarbon boiling between about 150.degree. F. and 700.degree. F. at atmospheric pressure. The process comprises reacting the feedstock with hydrogen at hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising hydrogenation metals and a support comprising beta zeolite. The hydrogenation metals comprise from about 0.1 percent by weight to about 2.0 percent by weight each of palladium and platinum measured as a percentage of the catalyst. The beta zeolite comprises from about 1 ppm by weight to about 3.0 percent by weight sodium calculated as a percentage of said beta zeolite.

Abstract: A process for hydrodesulfurizing a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon which comprises contacting the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon under hydrodesulfurizing conditions in the presence of hydrogen with a catalyst composition comprising a Group VIA metal, a Group VIII metal and an alumina, the catalyst composition containing the Group VIA metal and the Group VIII metal in a combined amount of 20 to 70% by weight based on the total of the Group VIA metal, the Group VIII metal and the alumina. The catalyst composition being characterized by (i) an X-ray diffraction pattern having no diffraction peak other than that of the alumina, and, (ii) after being air-calcined at 550.degree. C. for three hours, being characterized by a TRP which results in a ratio of the area L of a low temperature reduction peak to the area H of a high temperature reduction peak, L/H, of 0.1 to 0.45.

Abstract: A process for the production of high quality lube oil blending stock from atmospheric fractionation residue and waste lubricants by means of contacting the waste lubricant with a hot hydrogen-rich gaseous stream to increase the temperature of this feed stream to vaporize at least a portion of the distillable hydrocarbonaceous compounds thereby producing a distillable hydrocarbonaceous stream which is immediately hydrogenated in an integrated hydrogenation zone. The vaporization of the waste oil is also conducted in the presence of an asphalt residue which is produced in the integrated process. The resulting effluent from the integrated hydrogenation zone provides at least one high quality lube oil blending stock stream.

Abstract: In ebullated bed hydroprocessing of a distillate hydrocarbon feedstock, it has been found that high pressure and low pressure heat exchange can be separated. Both the high pressure heat exchange and the fired heater fuel consumption are reduced. A control system provides for a constant distillate feedstock temperature in cooperation with heat integration.

Abstract: An improved catalytic slurry hydroprocess comprising a hydrogenation zone having a hydrogen partial pressure of at least about 100 psia characterized by active catalyst recycle accompanied by minimal catalyst deactivation from coking or asphaltene agglomeration in which the improvement comprises the steps of:1) separating at least a portion of active catalyst from the liquid hydrogenation product eluted from the hydrogenation zone of said hydroprocess, and2) recycling at least a portion of said separated active catalyst to said hydrogenation zone;wherein said steps are carried out while maintaining said active catalyst under conditions substantially the same as those encountered in said hydrogenation zone.

Abstract: An improved catalytic slurry hydroprocess comprising a hydrogenation zone having a hydrogen partial pressure of at least about 100 psia characterized by active catalyst recycle accompanied by minimal catalyst deactivation from coking or asphaltene agglomeration in which the improvement comprises the steps of:(1) separating at least a portion of active catalyst from the liquid hydrogenation product eluted from the hydrogenation zone of said hydroprocess, and(2) recycling at least a portion of said separated active catalyst to said hydrogenation zone;wherein said steps are carried out while maintaining said active catalyst under conditions substantially the same as those encountered in said hydrogenation zone.

Abstract: A catalyst containing nickel, tungsten and phosphorus supported on an amorphous, porous refractory oxide having a narrow pore size distribution is utilized for converting hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks. The catalyst is particularly effective for promoting an aromatic saturation reaction.

Abstract: A hydrofinishing process for improving the color, thermal and oxidative stability of a base stock for lubricating oil wherein the lubricating oil stock is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel-molybdenum catalyst, at a pressure in the range of 400 psi to 3000 psi, at a weight hourly space velocity in the range of 0.25-4.5 and at a temperature in the range of 550.degree. F. to 750.degree. F.

Abstract: A method for reducing the pour point of a hydrocarbon feedstock that contains aromatic compounds, sulfur-containing compounds and nitrogen-containing compounds is provided. The method involves solvent extraction and utilizes a catalytic hydrodewaxing zone with a first section having a shape-selective molecular sieve-containing catalyst composition which is substantially free of Group VIII metals and a second section having a Group VIII metal-containing hydrogenation catalyst composition with a porous support material substantially free of acidic crystalline molecular sieve material.

Abstract: A process and catalyst is provided for the hydrogenation of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising a substantial portion of a distillate hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein said distillate hydrocarbon feedstock consists essentially of material boiling between about 150.degree. F. and about 700.degree. F. at atmospheric pressure, which comprises reacting the feedstock with hydrogen at hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising from about 0.1% to about 2.0% by weight of palladium and from about 0.1% to about 2.0% by weight of platinum and a support comprising borosilicate, for producing a hydrogenated product.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method for decreasing the time required for degassing a hydroprocessing reactor fabricated from a base metal with or without an alloy overlay.

Abstract: A tri-elemental catalyst suitable for hydrocracking and hydrogenation of aromatics-containing petroleum hydrocarbon feedstocks such as hydrotreated cracked feedstock, virgin feedstock, vacuum distillate, middle distillate, mixtures thereof, and the like, is disclosed. The catalyst is suitable for hydrodesulfurization as well as hydrodenitrogenation, thus the feedstock can contain sulfur and nitrogen in addition to the aromatic components. Hydrocracking and aromatics hydrogenation of the petroleum hydrocarbon feedstocks is accomplished under a relatively wide range of process conditions using the tri-elemental catalyst that contains a catalytically active metal phase constituted by a Group VI-B element, a Group VIII first transition series element and a Group VIII second transition series element, all supported on a titania-alumina support containing about 5% to about 30% by weight titania in the support.

Abstract: A novel process is provided for the selective hydrogenation of benzene in a solution of gasoline and other aromatic organic compounds. The process includes the steps of carrying out the catalytic hydrogenation in a hydrogenation zone at a temperature of about 45.degree. to about 250.degree. C. at a pressure of about 200 psi to about 500 psi in a biphasic system of aqueous and organic liquids the hydrogenation catalyst being water-soluble. The organic liquid is removed from the hydrogenation zone. At least a catalytic amount of the catalyst is retained in the hydrogenation zone. The catalyst above described is also a facet of this invention.

Abstract: A process for the production of distillate hydrocarbon from atmospheric fractionation residue and waste lubricants by means of contacting the waste lubricant with a hot hydrogen-rich gaseous stream to increase the temperature of this feed stream to vaporize at least a portion of the distillable hydrocarbonaceous compounds thereby producing a distillable hydrocarbonaceous stream which is immediately hydrogenated in an integrated hydrogenation zone. The vaporization of the waste oil is also conducted in the presence of a vacuum fractionation residue which is produced in the integrated process. The resulting effluent from the integrated hydrogenation zone and a distillable hydrocarbon stream recovered from the atmospheric fraction residue is catalytically converted to produce lower molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds.

Abstract: A reactor for refining resid includes an elongated vertical vessel containing a bed of catalyst which is expanded or ebullated by a liquid/gas mixture. The mixture rises in an updraft through the bed and then is recirculated with an increased velocity by an ebullating pump. To reduce gas holdup of the ebullated bed and to promote a more uniform flow, the gas is entrapped by two cascaded stages of baffles which have an internal conical shape to guide, direct, and entrap the gas. One of these two stages has a shape which creates a countercurrent in the flowing liquid to deflect any catalyst particles which might otherwise be elutriated by the increased velocity.

Abstract: A substantially benzene-free product suitable for gasoline blending is formed from a benzene-containing refinery stream. At least about 30% of the benzene initially present in the stream is catalytically alkylated with C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins to form alkylated products. Most preferably, the alkylation zone is present in the distillation column and the alkylated products drop to the lower portion of the column and are recovered with the heavy fraction. Alternatively, the alkylation zone is downstream of the distillation column and a secondary distillation column removes the heavier alkylated products. The remaining light fraction is hydrogenated to convert substantially all of the remaining non-alkylated benzene to cyclohexane and is isomerized to boost the octane of C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 paraffins, preferably in a single reactor.

Abstract: Molecular sieve compositions are prepared by extracting aluminum and substituting chromium and/or tin for extracted aluminum to give molecular sieve products containing framework chromium and/or tin atoms. The process of preparing the chromium and/or tin-containing molecular sieves invovles contacting a starting molecular sieve with a solution or slurry of at least one of a fluoro salt of chromium or a fluoro salt of tin under effective process conditions to provide for aluminum extraction and substitution of chromium and/or tin. These compositions are effective as hydrocarbon conversion catalysts and for separating mixtures of molecular species.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion process using zinc phosphate microporous molecular sieves. These molecular sieves have a three-dimensional microporous framework structure of ZnO.sub.2 and PO.sub.2 tetrahedral units, an intracrystalline pore system and an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed as ratio of the oxides by the formula: rM.sub.2 O:sZnO:P.sub.2 O.sub.5, where M is at least one alkali metal, r ranges from about 0.9 to about 1.5 and s ranges from about 1.8 to about 3.0. These molecular sieves may be prepared by hydrothermal crystallization of a reaction mixture prepared by combining a reactive source of phosphorus, zinc, at least one alkali metal and water.

Abstract: A laboratory instrument provides a small model reactor which better simulates a back mixed reactor containing a catalyst. The reactor is especially valuable for simulating commercial scale hydrotreating of petroleum resid, coal, and other non-distillable hydrocarbons to obtain some distillable products. An important feature is a magnetically driven pump completely enclosed within the reactor shell of the simulator. All embodiments provide a high temperature and pressure, low liquid to catalyst volume, model reactor where an entire process is carried out within the simulator shell under substantially the conditions prevailing in the full scale reactor.

Abstract: A process for producing diesel fuel from a diesel hydrocarbon feed. Hydrogen is fed cocurrently with the feed to a first hydrogenation zone in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. Liquid effluent from the first hydrogenation zone is then passed to a second hydrogenation zone, wherein the liquid effluent is contacted countercurrently with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. Preferred hydrogenation catalysts are those comprising non-noble metals in the first hydrogenation zone, and may comprise noble or non-noble metals in the second hydrogenation zone.

Abstract: A method is described for rendering total liquid product hydroisomerates daylight stable and improving their oxidation stability, which method involves treating the hydroisomerate total liquid product with a Group VIII metal on refractory metal oxide catalyst or Group VIII metal on halogenated refractory metal oxide catalyst under mild conditions, which conditions are a temperature in the range of 170.degree. to 270.degree. C., a pressure in the range of 300 to 1500 psi H.sub.2, 0.25 to 10 v/v/hr and 500 to 10,000 SCF/B,H.sub.2.

Abstract: A process and catalyust are provided for hydrogenation of a hydrocarbon feedstock consisting essentially of material boiling between about 150.degree. F. and about 700.degree. F. which comprises reacting the feedstock with hydrogen at hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising from about 0.1% to about 2.0% by weight each of palladium and platinum and a support comprising mordenite. The process of the present invention provides substantially improved dearomatization performance, increased desulfurization and denitrogenation, increased distillate product cetane number, increased distllate volume expansion, and utilizes a more durable catalyst.

Abstract: A process and catalyst are provided for hydrogenation of a hydrocarbon feedstock consisting essentially of material boiling between about 150.degree. F. and about 700.degree. F. which comprises reacting the feedstock with hydrogen at hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising hydrogenation metals and a support comprising zeolite Y. The hydrogenation metals comprise from about 0.1 percent to about 2.0 percent by weight each of palladium and platinum calculated as a percnetage of the catalyst. The zeolite Y further comprises sodium in an amount ranging from about 1.5 to about 8.0 percent of the zeolite Y by weight. The process of the present invention provides substantially improved dearomatization performance, increased desulfurization and denitrogenation, increased distillate product cetane number, and increased distillate volume expansion.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a base oil and middle distillate which is stable to oxidation and low temperature from a mineral oil fraction having a boiling range above 350.degree. C., by, in a first step, converting the mineral oil fraction on a hydrocracking catalyst under hydrocracking conditions to an extent of from 20 to 80% by weight into fractions which boil below 360.degree. C., separating the reactor effluent, if necessary, into liquid and gas phases in a high-pressure separator, treating the entire reactor effluent or only the liquid phase, directly or after removal of the fractions boiling below 360.degree. C. by distillation, in a second step with hydrogen at from 200.degree. to 450.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new form of crystalline material identified as zeolite ZSM-12, to a new and useful improvement in synthesizing said crystalline material and to use of said crystalline material prepared in accordance herewith as a catalyst for organic compound, e.g. hydrocarbon compound, conversion.

Abstract: Crystalline metalloaluminophosphate compositions having pore windows formed by 18 tetrahedral members are prepared from a forming mixture containing sources of aluminum, phosphorus and a non-aluminum, non-phosphorus element, e.g. boron or boron and silicon. The forming mixture further contains a directing agent comprising a mixture of quaternary nitrogen compound and amine in a molar ratio of 0.01 to 0.025.

Abstract: Middle distillate petroleum streams are hydrotreated to produce a low sulfur and low aromatic product in a process employing two reaction zones in series. The effluent of the first reaction zone is purged of hydrogen sulfide by hydrogen stripping and then reheated by indirect heat exchange. The second reaction zone employs a sulfur-sensitive noble metal hydrogenation catalyst. Operating pressure and space velocity increase and temperature decreases from the first to second reaction zones.

Abstract: The catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon feedstocks is affected under effective conversion process conditions in the presence of silicoaluminophosphate-based catalyst compositions.

Abstract: Middle distillate petroleum streams are hydrotreated to produce a low sulfur and low aromatic product in a process employing three reaction zones in series. Hydrogen flows between the reaction zones countercurrent to the hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulfide is removed from effluent of the first two reaction zones by hydrogen stripping. The second and third reaction zones employ a sulfur-sensitive noble metal hydrogenation catalyst. Operating pressure increases and temperature decreases from the first to third reaction zones.

Abstract: The inventive procedure more accurately maintains an inventory of a catalyst in an ebullated bed of a reactor in an oil refinery, especially a resid hydrotreating unit. The ebullated catalyst bed has therein three phases (catalyst, oil, gas). A first density measurement is made of the two-phase mixture in a freeboard zone i.e. in a catalyst free area above the ebullated catalyst. A second density measurement is made in the catalyst bed where all three phases are present. Density measurements are used, along with values for vapor, liquid, and soaked particle densities and corrections for gamma-ray absorption coefficients, to calculate the catalyst particle holdup in the vessel. From this, the amount of catalyst actually in the reactor can be calculated. Once this amount is known, fresh catalyst may be added to or spent catalyst may be removed from the reactor in order to maintain a fixed catalyst inventory within the catalyst bed.

Abstract: In a process for the concomitant hydrogenation of aromatics and sulfur-bearing hydrocarbons in an aromatics- and sulfur-bearing, diesel boiling-range hydrocarbon feedstock, the feedstock is contacted at a temperature between about 600.degree. F. and about 750.degree. F. and a pressure between about 600 psi and about 2500 psi in the presence of added hydrogen with a first catalyst bed containing a hydrotreating catalyst containing nickel, tungsten and optionally phosphorous supported on an alumina support, and, after contact with the first catalyst bed, the hydrogen and feedstock without modification, is passed from the first catalyst bed to a second catalyst bed where it is contacted at a temperature between about 600.degree. F. and about 750.degree. F. and a pressure between about 600 psi and about 2500 psi with a hydrotreating catalyst containing cobalt and/or nickel, molybdenum and optionally phosphorous supported on an alumina support.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new form of crystalline material identified as zeolite MCM-47, to a new and useful improvement in synthesizing said crystalline material and to use of said crystalline material prepared in accordance herewith as a catalyst for organic compound, e.g. hydrocarbon compound, conversion.

Abstract: An improved process for hydrogenation of heavy oil is provided by the use of a mixed catalyst. In the process of the present invention, a mixture of a direct desulfurization catalyst and a spent FCC catalyst which is free of molybdenum is used as the mixed catalyst. In accordance with the process of the present invention, a middle distillate fraction having a boiling point falling within the range of 171.degree. to 343.degree. C. can be obtained in high yield.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing oil is provided. An oil fraction having hydrocarbons with an initial boiling point of about 200.degree. F. to about 1050.degree. F. is hydrotreated to reduce the nitrogen content of the oil fraction to be stabilized. Subsequently, condensed aromatic compounds are selectively extracted from the hydrotreated oil fraction to yield a stable oil fraction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for selective hydrogenation in liquid phase of an effluent originating from an ethane steam cracker in which said effluent is contacted with a catalyst consisting of at least supported palladium characterized in that it is carried out in the presence of a liquid phase containing at least part of the hydrogenated gasoline cut, condensed and recycled, of said effluent.Said effluent (1), said liquid phase (8) and possibly hydrogen (13) pass through the hydrogenation reactor (4). The product obtained is fractionated (5) into a gaseous cut at the top (7) containing ethylene and a liquid gasoline cut at the bottom which is partially recycled (8).The process may be used for production of ethylene and for production of gasoline.

Abstract: A white oil product is produced by hydrogenating a hydrocarbon stream produced from an aromatic alkylation process. The hydrogenation occurs at hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising a platinum group metal component surface impregnated on a refractory oxide catalyst support. The platinum group metal component is surface impregnated such that the platinum group metal is essentially all located with a 100 micron layer of the surface of the catalyst support.

Abstract: Heavy crude oils are upgraded thermally in the presence of water and a polyhydroxy metal bentonite in an autoclave, particularly at a temperature of about 200.degree. to about 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A two-step process for the production of large quantities of heartcut distillate resin precursors from steamed cracked gas oil product which involves hydrogenation of the steam cracked gas oil followed by steam cracking of the hydrogenated product to produce a greater than 15 wt. % yield of heartcut distillate resin precursors. A process for producing heartcut distillate comprising hydrogenating a hydrocarbon oil comprising two-ring aromatic molecules to form a hydrogenated hydrocarbon oil comprising partially saturated naphtheno-aromatic molecules; and subjecting a feedstock comprising hydrogenated hydrocarbon oil to steam cracking under conditions which favor producing a heartcut distillate containing an amount greater than about 4 wt. % yield of heartcut distillate resin precursors.A method for producing heartcut distillate which involves subjecting a hydrogenated hydrocarbon feedstock boiling in the range of about 200.degree. C. to 320.degree. C.

Abstract: A heat integrated hydrotreating process has been invented. The feedstock is a cracked hydrocarbon stock which is mixed with hydrogen to suppress coking before heating in a multiple tube furnace to reactor inlet temperature. A minor portion of the feedstock is mixed with hydrogen and heated to reactor inlet temperature by quenching the hot reactor effluent. The minor portion is fed directly to the hydrogenation reactor, bypassing the furnace. By the process, high level heat is recovered.

Abstract: A slurry hydrotreating process is described in which a hydrotreating catalyst of small particle size is contacted with a heavy fossil fuel. High catalyst activity is maintained by circulating the catalyst between a hydrotreating zone and a reactivating zone where the catalyst is hydrogen stripped.

Abstract: A hydrotreating catalyst is described which comprises at least one Group VI metal, metal oxide, or metal sulfide, and at least one Group VIII metal, metal oxide, or metal sulfide, supported on a carrier wherein (A) the catalyst comprises from about 10% to about 35% by weight of combined metal, and the atomic ratio of the Group VIII metal to Group VI metal is in the range of from about 0.5:1 to about 2:1; (B) the carrier comprises from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent of halogen, from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight of silica and from about 85 to about 99% of alumina; and (C) the catalyst is characterized as having a median pore radius of from about 30 to about 65 Angstroms, and a surface area of from about 120 to about 180 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: A catalyst typically containing nickel and tungsten on a support containing (a) a dispersion of silica-alumina in an alumina matrix and (b) an ultra-hydrophobic zeolite is utilized for converting relatively low boiling hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks. The catalyst is particularly effective for promoting aromatic saturation reactions, particularly in diesel fuel feedstocks.

Abstract: High boiling hydrocarbons are upgraded to products including low aromatic content kerosene or jet fuel in a dual reaction zone process. Feeds such as gas oils are fed to a hydrocracking reactor, with the effluent separated into vapor and liquid fractions. The vapor fraction is partially condensed to yield a liquid comprising kerosene/diesel boiling range hydrocarbons which is charged to a hydrogenation reactor. Liquid recovered from both reactors goes to a common fractionator. Vapor remaining after the partial condensation goes to the hydrogenation zone product separator to recover recycle hydrogen.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the discovery that certain transition metal containing complexes thermally decompose to form solids containing the transition metal, sulfur and carbon and that these transition metal, sulfur and carbon containing solids are particularly suitable as catalysts for hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation and aromatics hydrogenation. The transition metal complexes that are thermally decomposed to novel catalysts are complexes of the type represented by the general formula ML.sup.n 3, wherein M is selected from Mo, W, Re and mixtures thereof, L is a dithiolene or aminobenzenethiolate ligand, and n represents the total charge of the metal complexes, and is 0, -1, or -2.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrocarbon white oil by means of hydrogenating a heavy aromatic alkylate is disclosed. The process is characterized in that its feedstock is a previously undesired heavy hydrocarbon byproduct of aromatic alkylation. A white oil derived from such a process has good color and odor properties and results in a superior white oil lubricant.