Abstract: A method for desulfurization and contaminant reduction of fuel oil is provided. The method includes mixing, in a first container, the fuel oil with a first catalyst to oxidize sulfur containing compounds in the fuel oil to obtain one or more of a sulfoxide and a sulfone and oxidize metal contaminants in the fuel oil to obtain oxides of the contaminants, thereby forming a first mixture; mixing, in a second container, the first mixture with a second catalyst and a third catalyst to extract sulfur and an oxygen from the sulfoxide and the sulfone, thereby obtaining a second mixture; separating, in a vapor recovery unit, the second catalyst from the second mixture to obtain a third mixture; and separating, from the third mixture, in a mechanical separator, the third catalyst, the sulfur, and the oxide of the metal contaminants to obtain a purified fuel oil.

Abstract: A method of desulfurizing a liquid hydrocarbon having the steps of: adding a liquid hydrocarbon to a vessel, the hydrocarbon having a sulfur content; adding a catalyst and an oxidizer to create a mixture; oxidizing at least some of the sulfur content of the liquid hydrocarbon to form oxidized sulfur in the liquid hydrocarbon; separating the liquid hydrocarbon from the mixture; and removing at least some of the oxidized sulfur from the liquid hydrocarbon. Such methods can be carried out by batch or continuously. Systems for undertaking such methods are likewise disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the extraction of mercury from a mercury-containing hydrocarbon feed, and to the use of a hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of a mercury source from a hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the extraction of mercury from a mercury-containing hydrocarbon feed, and to the use of a hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of a mercury source from a hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: The current invention provides a hydrotreating catalyst comprising of metals of at least one each from Group VIB, preferably molybdenum and Group VIII, preferably nickel, of the periodic table supported on alumina modified with small amounts of modifying elements well dispersed on the surface so as to retain the physico-chemical characteristics of the support and result in high performance for hydrodesulphurization catalyst, and a commercially viable process for producing such a catalyst. The present invention also discloses a commercially viable method for modifying alumina in the powder form without affecting the porous structure of the support obtained.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing catalyst composition that comprises a metal-incorporated support having incorporated therein a metal component and a chelating agent, and, further comprising a polar additive. The catalyst composition is prepared by incorporating in a single step at least one metal component and a chelating agent into a support material to form a metal-incorporated support followed by drying the metal-incorporated support and thereafter incorporating therein a polar additive.

Abstract: A lubricating composition comprises a major amount of a base oil, and an additive comprising a polyoxo Lindqvist ion of formula [M1aM2bQ1cQ2d]q, wherein M1 and M2 may be the same or different and are chosen from Group 3-12 transition metals, the Lindqvist ion being solvated with a hydrocarbyl substituted amine, the Lindqvist ion optionally containing bound organic ligands containing electron donating groups, the additive being present in amount to provide about 0.2-3 moles of metal from the Lindqvist ion per megagram of lubricating composition.

Abstract: A method for removing sulfur, nitrogen or metals from an oil feedstock. The method involves reacting the oil feedstock with an alkali metal and a radical capping substance. The alkali metal reacts with the metal, sulfur or nitrogen content to form one or more inorganic products and the radical capping substance reacts with the carbon and hydrogen content to form a hydrocarbon phase. The inorganic products may then be separated out from the hydrocarbon phase.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for reducing the sulphur content of a hydrocarbon material containing sulphur compounds.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing compounds, including specifically thiophenic compounds, in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstream are catalytically oxidized by combining the hydrocarbon feedstream with a catalytic reaction mixture that includes a peroxide that is soluble in water or in a polar organic acid, at least one carboxylic acid, and a catalyst that is a transition metal salt selected from the group consisting of (NH4)2WO4, (NH4)6W12O40.H2O, Na2WO4, Li2WO4, K2WO4, MgWO4, (NH4)2MoO4, (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O, MnO0 and NaVO3; the mixture is vigorously agitated for a time that is sufficient to oxidize the sulfur-containing compounds to form sulfoxides and sulfones; the reaction mixture is allowed to stand and separate into a lower aqueous layer containing the catalyst and an upper hydrocarbon layer that is recovered and from which the oxidized sulfur compounds are removed, as by solvent extraction, distillation or selective adsorption.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of simultaneously removing sulfur and mercury from a hydrocarbon material, including: hydrotreating the hydrocarbon material containing sulfur and mercury in the presence of a catalyst including a metal supported with a carrier to convert sulfur into hydrogen sulfide, and adsorb mercury on a metal active site or a carrier of the catalyst in the form of mercury sulfide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of removing heteroaromatic sulfides from hydrocarbons (e.g. petroleum products such as gasoline and fuel oils), using polyoxometalate catalysts such as H5PV2Mo10O40 or solvates thereof.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide evolution from asphalt or heavy fuel oil may be reduced or eliminated using an additive to act as a scavenger. Zinc, in conjunction with an additional metal selected from Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, Zr, when present in the form of nano-particles of an oxide, borate or carboxylate is an effective component is preventing or mitigating the evolution of hydrogen sulfide. The nano-particles may be used neat or as a dispersion. These metals may also be complexed and used in the form of a solution. Molybdenum, when used with one or both of Fe and Zn is also a useful in any of these forms for the same purpose.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bulk catalyst having improved activity in hydrodesulphurization, in particular in relatively low Group VIII over Group VIB metal molar ratios. The bulk catalyst comprises metal oxidic particles comprising one or more Group VIB metals and one or more-Group VIII metals which metal oxidic particles are obtainable by a process comprising the steps of reacting the compounds comprising one or more Group VIB metals and compounds comprising one or more Group VIII metals in hydrothermal conditions at a reaction temperature above the boiling temperature of the protic liquid, preferably in an autoclave at a reaction pressure above atmospheric pressure and. The invention also relates to the corresponding sulphided catalyst, to a process for the manufacture of said bulk catalyst and to the use of said catalyst for the hydrotreatment, in particular the hydrodesulphurization and hydrodenitrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: A complex metal oxide catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal MI and at least two Group VIB metals MII and MIII, wherein the molar ratio of Group VIII metal MI to Group VIB metals MII+MIII is 1:9-9:1 and the molar ratio of the Group VIB metals MII and MIII is 1:5 to 5:1. When applied to the hydrodesulfurization of diesel, the catalyst exhibits a super high HDS activity. The sulfur level in the diesel can be reduced from 1200 ppm to 27 ppm under a gentle operating condition.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method includes desulfurizing a hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of a desulfurization catalyst. A hydrocarbon product is recovered. The color of the hydrocarbon product is improved and the sulfur content of the hydrocarbon product is reduced by flash distilling the product.

Abstract: A composition and process for removing sulfur from middle distillate petroleum hydrocarbon fuels. The composition includes an alumina component and a carbon component. The composition is present in an amount effective to adsorb sulfur compounds from the fuel. The alumina component and the carbon component preferably collectively comprise a composite material. The composition can further include a sulfur component, preferably a metal sulfide or sulfur oxide. The composition can also further include at least one compound having a Group VI or Group VIII metal from the periodic table.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for hydroconversion of hydrocarbons, comprising a support made from at least one refractory oxide, at least one group VIII metal and at least one group VIB metal, characterized in further comprising at least one organic compound with at least two thiol functions separated by at least one oxygenated group of formula (I): HS—CxHyOz—SH (I), where x=1 to 20, preferably 2 to 9 and for example x=6, y=2 to 60, preferably 4 to 12 and z=1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6. The invention further relates to a method for preparation, a method for activation of said catalyst and use of the catalyst for the hydrotreatment and/or hydrocracking of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: New sulfided metal catalysts are described, containing a metal X selected from Ni, Co and mixtures thereof, a metal Y selected from Mo, W and mixtures thereof, an element Z selected from Si, Al and mixtures thereof, and possibly an organic residue, obtained by the sulfidation of mixed oxide precursors, also new, having general formula (A) XaYbZcOd.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for upgrading one or more hydrocarbons boiling in a naphtha range including less than about 5%, by weight, one or more alkenes and about 2,000-about 5,000 wppm, S, comprised in one or more sulfur-containing compounds, based on the weight of the one or more hydrocarbons. The process can include contacting the one or more hydrocarbons with a catalyst. The catalyst may include about 0.1-about 10%, by weight, NiO, about 5-about 50%, by weight, MoO3, and about 0.1-about 10%, by weight, P, with the balance of the catalyst comprising Al2O3. The process can obtain an upgraded one or more hydrocarbons having a thiol concentration of no more than about 20 wppm, S, based on the sulfur comprised in one or more thiol compounds divided by the weight of the upgraded one or more hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for desulphurising hydrocarbons includes the steps of (i) passing a mixture of hydrocarbon and hydrogen over a hydrodesulphurisation catalyst to convert organosulphur compounds present in the hydrocarbon to hydrogen sulphide, (ii) passing the resulting mixture over a hydrogen sulphide sorbent including zinc oxide to reduce the hydrogen sulphide content of the mixture and (iii) passing the hydrogen sulphide-depleted mixture over a further desulphurisation material, where the further desulphurisation material includes one or more nickel compounds, a zinc oxide support material, and optionally one or more promoter metal compounds selected from one or more compounds of iron, cobalt, copper and precious metals, the desulphurisation material having a nickel content in the range 0.3 to 20% by weight and a promoter metal content in the range 0 to 10% by weight.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for hydrodesulfurizing naphtha, to a method for preparing said catalyst and to a method for hydrodesulfurizing naphtha using said catalyst. More particularly, the catalyst comprises a Co/Mo metal hydrogenation component on a silica support having a defined pore size distribution and at least one organic additive. The catalyst has high dehydrosulphurisation activity and minimal olefin saturation when used to hydrodesulfurize FCC naphtha.

Abstract: The invention provides an adsorbent for removing sulfur from cracking gasoline or diesel fuel, which adsorbent comprises: (1) a carrier consisting of a source of silica, an inorganic oxide binder, and at least one oxide of metal selected from Groups IIB, VB and VIB; (2) at least one accelerant metal which is capable of reducing the sulfur in oxidized state to hydrogen sulfide and has a ?<0.5, wherein ?=(the amount in percentage of accelerant metal in crystal phase)/(the amount in percentage of accelerant metal in the adsorbent). The active components in the adsorbent can be evenly dispersed on the carrier in a matter close to monolayer dispersion, and which greatly improves the activity of the adsorbent. The preparation method and the use of the above adsorbent are provided.

Abstract: An adsorbent for desulfurizing cracking gasoline or diesel fuel comprising 1) pillared clay, (2) inorganic oxide binder, (3) an oxide of one or more metals selected from Groups IIB, VB and VIB, and (4) at least one metal accelerant selected from cobalt, nickel, iron and manganese. The adsorbent exhibits excellent abrasion-resistant strength and desulfurization performance.

Abstract: Methods and systems for contacting a crude feed that has a total acid number (TAN) of at least 0.3 with one or more catalysts produces a total product that includes a crude product are described. The one or more catalysts may include a first catalyst and a second catalyst. The crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa and the crude product has a TAN of at most 90% of the TAN of the crude feed. One or more other properties of the crude product may be changed by at least 10% relative to the respective properties of the crude feed.

Abstract: The invention discloses a multi-metallic bulk catalyst with layered structure, wherein the metals in the multi-metallic bulk catalyst is consisted of a Group VIII metal MI, at least one metal MII with the valence of +3 and at least two Group VIB metals MIII+MIV, wherein (the mole number of MI+the mole number of MII):(the mole number of MIII+the mole number of MIV) is from 1:9 to 9:1; the mole number of MI:the mole number of MII is from 1:5 to 5:1; and the mole number of MIII:the mole number of MIV is from 1:5 to 5:1. The invention also discloses the preparation method and use of the above catalyst. The invention is use for the hydrodesulfurization of diesel distillate including 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene, wherein the catalyst exhibits a extreme high hydrodesulfurization activity. Thus, the ultra-deep hydrodesulfurization is achieved and the cost of the bulk catalyst is reduced.

Abstract: The desulfurization of fossil fuels is provided by the combination of fossil fuels with an aqueous mixture of ozone or hydrogen peroxide and a Tetraoctylphosphonium salt phase transfer catalyst, and the mixture is then subjected to reactive mixing to form oxidize sulfur compounds in the fuel. The polar oxidized sulfones species are removed via another mixing step. The desulfurization device can be in the form of a portable device which provides for continuous mixing-assisted desulfurization for the removal of sulfur containing compounds from fossil fuels such as diesel fuel.

Abstract: Oil soluble catalysts are used in a process to hydrodesulfurize petroleum feedstock having a high concentration of sulfur-containing compounds and convert the feedstock to a higher value product. The catalyst complex includes at least one attractor species and at least one catalytic metal that are bonded to a plurality of organic ligands that make the catalyst complex oil-soluble. The attractor species selectively attracts the catalyst to sulfur sites in sulfur-containing compounds in the feedstock where the catalytic metal can catalyze the removal of sulfur. Because the attractor species selectively attracts the catalysts to sulfur sites, non-productive, hydrogen consuming side reactions are reduced and greater rates of hydrodesulfurization are achieved while consuming less hydrogen per unit sulfur removed.

Abstract: A process for removing organic sulfur from a fuel gas stream that further contains light olefins by catalytic hydrodesulfurization to yield a treated fuel gas having an very low concentration of organic sulfur. The effluent of the catalytic hydrodesulfurization reactor may be cooled with a portion thereof being recycled and introduced along with the fuel gas stream that is charged to the hydrodesulfurization reactor. The remaining, unrecycled portion of the effluent may further be treated to remove the hydrogen sulfide that is yielded from by the hydrodesulfurization of the fuel gas stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nickel tungsten bulk catalyst, to a process for the manufacture of said catalyst and to the use of said catalyst for the hydrotreatment, in particular the hydrodesulphurisation and hydrodenitrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstock. The catalyst comprises nickel tungsten metal oxidic particles obtainable by a process comprising forming a slurry of a first solid metal compound comprising Group VNI metal nickel and a second solid metal compound comprising Group VIB metal tungsten in a protic liquid, reacting the first and second solid metal compounds at elevated temperature whereby the first and second solid metal compounds remain at least partly in the solid state during the entire reaction to form the nickel tungsten oxidic bulk catalyst.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur content of a hydrocarbon stream, including: feeding a hydrocarbon stream including sulfur compounds to a catalytic distillation reactor having one or more hydrodesulfurization reaction zones; feeding hydrogen to the catalytic distillation reactor; concurrently in the catalytic distillation reactor: fractionating the hydrocarbon stream into a heavy fraction and a light fraction; contacting hydrogen and the light fraction to form H2S and a light fraction of reduced sulfur content; recovering the light fraction, H2S, and hydrogen as an overheads; recovering the heavy fraction; heating the overheads to a temperature from 500 to 700° F.

Abstract: Provided are processes for removing sulfur-containing compounds from fuel, comprising contacting the fuel in liquid phase with air to oxidize the sulfur-containing compounds, the contacting being carried out in the presence of at least one transition metal oxide catalyst, wherein the catalyst is supported on a porous support and wherein the porous support comprises a support material selected from the group consisting of a titanium oxide, a manganese oxide and a nanostructured material of the aforementioned support materials.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for the hydroprocessing of heavy hydrocarbon feeds, preferably in an ebullating bed process, by contacting the feed with a mixture of two hydroprocessing catalysts meeting specified pore size distribution requirements. The process combines high contaminant removal with high conversion, low sediment formation, and high process flexibility.

Abstract: Processes and systems associated with hydrodynamic cavitation-catalyzed oxidation of sulfur-containing substances in a fluid are described. In one example method, carbonaceous fluid is combined with at least one oxidant to form a mixture and then the mixture is flowed through at least one local constriction in a flow-through chamber at a sufficient pressure and flow rate to create hydrodynamic cavitation in the flowing mixture having a power density of between about 3,600 kWatts/cm2 and about 56,000 kWatts/cm2 measured at the surface of the local constriction normal to the direction of fluid flow. The creation of hydrodynamic cavitation in the flowing mixture initiates one or more chemical reactions that, at least in part, oxidize at least some of the sulfur-containing substances in the carbonaceous fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the novel catalytic composition having a high specific activity in reactions involving hydroprocessing of light and intermediate petroleum fractions, and preferably in hydrodesulphurization and hydrodenitrogenation reactions. The inventive catalyst contains at least one element of a non-noble metal from group VIII, at least one element from group VIB and, optionally, a group one element of the VA group, which are deposited on a novel catalytic support comprising of an inorganic metal oxide from group IVB, consisting of an (1D) one-dimensional nanostructured material having nanofibers and/or nanotube morphology with high specific surface area of between 10 and 500 m2/g.

Abstract: A simple, compact process for cleansing hydrocarbon fuel such as jet fuel is disclosed. This process involves subjecting the fuel to an oxidative desulfurization process in a desulfurization reactor followed by passing the fuel through an adsorption bed. The cleansed desulfurized fuel may then be utilized directly in generation of hydrogen for fuel cell applications.

Abstract: The distillate catalytic hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels wherein the optimum hydrogen treat gas rate to maximize desulfurization is determined and introduced into the reaction zone to maintain a controlled amount of hydrogen at the surface of the catalyst during hydrodesulfurization.

Abstract: A process is provided to produce high cetane quality and low or preferably ultra low sulfur diesel and a fluid catalytic cracker (FCC) quality feedstock from a processing unit including at least a hydrotreating zone and a hydrocracking zone. In one aspect, the processing unit includes reactor severity requirements in both the hydrotreating zone and the hydrocracking zone effective to produce the FCC feed quality and the diesel sulfur quality to permit a high quality hydrocracked product to be formed at lower pressures and conversion rates without overtreating the FCC quality feedstock stream. In another aspect, a portion of the hydrotreated effluent is selected for conversion in the hydrocracking and the remaining portion of the hydrotreated effluent is directed to subsequent processing, such as fluid catalytic cracking.

Abstract: Compositions and processed for their use as additives for reducing the sulfur content of FCC gasoline employ a support material having deposited on its surface (a) a first metal component from Group IIB of the Periodic Table and (b) a second metal component from Group III or Group IV of the Periodic Table. The additive composition is preferably made of a montmorillonite clay support containing zinc and gallium, zinc and zirconium. Alternatively, the additive composition includes support material having deposited on its surface a metal component from Group III of the Periodic Table, preferably a montmorillonite clay support containing gallium. The clay is impregnated with the metal(s) using the known incipient wetness method and the dried powdered additive composition is preferably formed into shapes suitable for use in the FCC unit.

Abstract: In crude oil fractions, fossil fuels, and organic liquids in general in which it is desirable to reduce the levels of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing components, the process reduces the level of these compounds via the application of heat, an oxidizing agent and, preferably, sonic energy. The invention is performed either as a continuous process or a batch process, and may further include optional steps of centrifugation or hydrodesulfurization.

Abstract: Provided are a method for producing a super-low sulfur gas oil blending component or a super-low sulfur gas oil composition having a sulfur content of less than 5 mass ppm, under relatively mild conditions, without greatly increasing the hydrogen consumption and without remarkably decreasing the aromatic content; and a super-low sulfur gas oil composition having a sulfur content of less than 5 mass ppm which exhibits a high heating value, is excellent in fuel economy and output power, and is free from an adverse effect on a sealing rubber member or the like used in the fuel injection system and thus does not cause the leakage of a fuel. A method for producing a super-low sulfur gas oil blending component or a super-low sulfur gas oil composition having a sulfur content of less than 5 mass ppm is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides adsorbents for deep denitrogenation/desulfurization of hydrocarbon oils, and more particularly to an adsorbent material that selectively adsorbs organonitrogen and organosulfur from transportation fuels at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A process is provided to produce an ultra low sulfur diesel with less than about 10 ppm sulfur using a two-phase or liquid-phase continuous reaction zone to convert a diesel boiling range distillate preferably obtained from a mild hydrocracking unit. In one aspect, the diesel boiling range distillate is introduced once-through to the liquid-phase continuous reaction zone over-saturated with hydrogen in an amount effective so that the liquid phase remains substantially saturated with hydrogen throughout the reaction zone as the reactions proceed.

Abstract: A low hydrogen partial pressure process for desulfurizing naphtha in the presence of a hydrodesulfurization catalyst which catalyst is selective for suppressing hydrogenation of olefins and in the presence. This invention also relates to the use of optimum metals loading for achieving a high level of hydrodesulfurization with a low level of olefin saturation.

Abstract: In crude oil fractions, fossil fuels, and organic liquids in general in which it is desirable to reduce the levels of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing components, the process reduces the level of these compounds via the application of heat, an oxidizing agent and, preferably, sonic energy. The invention is performed either as a continuous process or a batch process, and may further include optional steps of centrifugation or hydrodesulfurization.

Abstract: The invention concerns solids comprising a single tungsten oxide layer on a zirconia support and/or titanium dioxide support, characterized in that the tungsten exhibits tetrahedral co-ordination, before and after calcining. The invention also concerns the method for preparing the solids, and their uses as acid catalysis reactions catalyst.

Abstract: A composition and process for removing sulfur from middle distillate petroleum hydrocarbon fuels. The composition includes an alumina component and a carbon component. The composition is present in an amount effective to adsorb sulfur compounds from the fuel. The alumina component and the carbon component preferably collectively comprise a composite material. The composition can further include a sulfur component, preferably a metal sulfide or sulfur oxide. The composition can also further include at least one compound having a Group VI or Group VIII metal from the periodic table.

Abstract: Described is a catalyst and process useful in the hydrodesulfurization of a distillate feedstock to manufacture a low-sulfur distillate product. The catalyst comprises a calcined mixture of inorganic oxide material, a high concentration of a molybdenum component, and a high concentration of a Group VIII metal component. The mixture that is calcined to form the calcined mixture comprises molybdenum trioxide, a Group VIII metal compound, and an inorganic oxide material. The catalyst is made by mixing the aforementioned starting materials and forming therefrom an agglomerate that is calcined to yield the calcined mixture that may be used as the catalyst or catalyst precursor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the desulfurization and denitrogenation of petroleum based hydrocarbon feeds with a mixture of at least one ionic liquid and at least one metal salt. Liquid or gas phase hydrocarbons contacted with the mixture to allow complexation of the sulfur and nitrogen species that are present in the processed stream.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for the selective hydrodesulfurization of a naphtha containing olefins. The process produces a naphtha stream having a reduced concentration of sulfur while maintaining the maximum concentration of olefins.