Abstract: Metal hydride compounds, which are prepared by mixing together from about 1 to about 10 parts by molecular weight of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of silicon, aluminum, tin, and zinc; from about 1 to about 3 parts by molecular weight of an alkali metal hydroxide; and from about 5 to about 10 parts by molecular weight of water and allowing this mixture to stand for a time sufficient to form a metal hydride, can be used for making fuel additives, treating sour gas, enhancing oil refining, extracting oil from tar sands and shale, increasing production of hydrogen from a hydrogen plant, treating oil and gas wells to enhance production, eliminate PCBs, cleaning soil contaminated by hydrocarbons and/or heavy metals, controlling odors, cleaning polluting stack emissions, extracting edible and essential oils, and eliminating bacteria, fungicides, and parasites from vegetation.

Abstract: The invention is a low viscosity oil composition derived from crude oils and crude oil residuum comprising dispersed asphaltene salts in a hydrocarbon continuous phase.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for decreasing the viscosity of crude oils and residuum utilizing a combination of acid and sonic treatment.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for decreasing the viscosity of crude oils and residuum utilizing a combination of acid and sonic treatment.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfone from a liquid hydrocarbon containing a concentration of sulfone by mixing a liquid acid therewith and thereafter separating the resulting admixture into an acid phase and a hydrocarbon phase. The hydrocarbon phase has a concentration of sulfone less than such concentration in the liquid hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A metal spring with embedded constrained layer damping provides effective damping of a supported load. A continuous load bearing tube is provided with an inner diameter and an outer diameter with a plurality of constraining layer tube sections concentric with the load bearing tube and spaced along the load bearing tube. A damping layer of a viscoelastic material contacts facing surfaces of the continuous load bearing tube and the constraining layer tube sections so that shear strains are induced in the viscoelastic material from relative rotation of the load bearing tube and the constraining layer sections to provide damping of an applied load. In one embodiment, the constraining layer tube sections and damping are within the load bearing continuous tube and the continuous tube is sealed at each end to permit use of the spring in a vacuum environment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for reprocessing, particularly the dehalogenation, of oil products which involves a) treating the oil product at temperatures up to about 150.degree. C. with an effective amount of an aqueous solution of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a strong acid, a salt of a weak base and a strong acid and precursors thereof; b) treating the oil product of step (a) at increased temperatures with at least one halogen binding agent; and c) separating water and/or the solids from the treated oil product of step (b).

Abstract: Arsenic is removed from shale oil by the addition of acidic chloride compounds.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for reducing the nitrogen content of shale oil by selectively removing therefrom nitrogen-containing compounds. The nitrogen content of shale oil is reduced by a process comprising lowering the viscosity of the shale oil and then contacting the shale oil with a sufficient amount of a solvent which is selective toward the nitrogen-containing compounds present in the shale oil. The selective solvent is selected from the group consisting of organic acids, and substituted organic acids, particularly acetic, formic and trichloroacetic acids and mixtures thereof. The selective solvent system containing the nitrogen-containing compounds is separated from the reduced nitrogen content shale oil raffinate.

Abstract: A novel oil-containing rubber composition is prepared by admixing a rubber from the group consisting of natural rubber, homopolymers of conjugated diolefins, and copolymers of conjugated diolefins with ethylenically unsaturated monomers, with mineral oil having at least 10 weight percent aromatic compounds which has been obtained byA. mixing a mineral oil starting material with an acidic reagent comprising anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in amount from 10 to 40 percent by weight of said starting material; thereby to form an acid phase insoluble in said mineral oil and containing components extracted from said starting material, and an oil phase comprising unextracted components of said starting material and containing dissolved acidic material,B. separating said acid phase from said oil phase,C. mixing said oil phase with an alkaline reagent to neutralize said dissolved acidic material and form neutralization products, andD. separating said neutralization products from said oil phase.