Abstract: The invention relates to a process for eliminating halogenated compounds that are contained in a gas or a liquid that comprises hydrogen and unsaturated hydrocarbons, in which the gas or the liquid is successively brought into contact with: at least one catalyst for hydrogenation, then at least one adsorbent of halogenated compounds. This gas or this liquid can be obtained from. a regenerative-type catalytic reforming.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus and a process capable of reducing the sulphur content of the gasoline product resulting from the cracking of a high molecular weight hydrocarbon feed comprising sulphur which comprises at least three concurrent steps: (a) passing input fluid comprising pollutant through at least one adsorber to produce a polluted adsorber and a purified fluid stream (of reduced pollutant content), which leaves the adsorber, stopping the flow into said adsorber to leave residual fluid therein, and separating said residual fluid from said adsorber to leave the polluted adsorber of reduced residual fluid content, (0) heating a polluted adsorber with a heated regeneration gas to produce a hot adsorher (of reduced polutant content) and cooler regeneration gas (of increased pollutant content), (c) contacting a heated adsorher (of reduced pollutant content) with a regeneration gas (of a lower temperature than that of said adsorber) to produce a cooler adsorber and a warmer regeneration gas, w

Abstract: An improved catalyst for edible oil hydrogenation produced by the incorporation of a sulphur adsorbing zeolite with a supported nickel hydrogenation catalyst. The zeolite is a cation-exchanged form of low silica faujasite with a silica to alumina ratio from about 1.8 to 2.1. The hydrogenation catalyst is a supported nickel catalyst. The zeolite is incorporated into the stabilization media with the reduced hydrogenation catalyst to form a physical blend of sulphur adsorbing zeolite and reduced nickel hydrogenation catalyst in a stabilization medium.

Abstract: A petroleum processing method comprising the steps of: performing an atmospheric distillation of crude oil; collectively hydrodesulfurizing the resultant distillates consisting of gas oil and fractions whose boiling point is lower than that of gas oil in a reactor in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at 310 to 370° C. under 30 to 70 kg/cm2G (first hydrogenation step); and further performing hydrodesulfurization at lower temperatures (second hydrogenation step). When the second hydrogenation step is carried out only for the heavy naphtha obtained by separating the distillates after the first hydrogenation step, the second hydrogenation temperature can be in the range of 250 to 400° C. The hydrodesulfurization having been performed for each of gas oil, kerosene, heavy naphtha and light naphtha in the art can be collectively and efficiently carried out, so that the oil refinery plant can be simplified and so that the cost of oil refinery equipment and running cost can be reduced.

Abstract: Particulate sorbent compositions comprising zinc titanate support having thereon a substantially reduced valence promotor metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, iron, manganese, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, tin and vanadium or mixtures thereof provide a system for the desulfurization of a feed stream of cracked-gasolines or diesel fuels in a desulfurization zone by a process which comprises contacting such feed streams in a desulfurization zone with a particulate sorbent composition followed by separation of the resulting low sulfur-containing steam and sulfurized sorbent and thereafter regenerating and activating the separated sorbent before recycle of same to the desulfurization zone.

Abstract: Catalyst activation of a platinum reforming catalyst system contained in a multiple reactor system by simultaneously reducing the catalyst with hydrogen while introducing a nonmetallic chlorine-containing compound into a reactor of the multiple reactor system in an amount to provide from about 0.05 to about 0.3 weight percent chlorine on the catalyst and thereafter purging the system with about 100 to about 50,000 cubic feet of hydrogen per cubic foot of catalyst resulting in a reforming system having increased activity and providing enhanced RON values with reduced cracking of feedstock.

Abstract: Bromine reactive hydrocarbon contaminants are removed from aromatic streams by first providing an aromatic feedstream having a negligible diene level. The feedstream is contacted with an acid active catalyst composition under conditions sufficient to remove mono-olefins. An aromatic stream may be pretreated to remove dienes by contacting the stream with clay, hydrogenation or hydrotreating catalyst under conditions sufficient to substantially remove dienes but not mono-olefins.

Abstract: A novel circulatable sorbent material suitable for use in a transport desulfurization system for removing sulfur from a fluid stream containing sulfur and the use thereof in such a transport desulfurization system. The transport desulfurization process utilizes a circulatable particulate material containing alumina, silica, zinc oxide and a metal oxide which is contacted with a fluid stream and thereafter separated and reused with a portion being regenerated.

Abstract: Particulate sorbent compositions comprising a mixture of zinc oxide, silica, alumina and a substantially reduced valence nickel are provided for the desulfurization of a feedstream of cracked-gasoline or diesel fuels in a desulfurization zone by a process which comprises the contacting of such feedstreams in a desulfurization zone followed by separation of the resulting low sulfur-containing stream and sulfurized-sorbent and thereafter regenerating and activating the separated sorbent before recycle of same to the desulfurization zone.

Abstract: The present invention is a process to remove a major portion of metals and coke precursors from a hydrocarbon stream. The steps of the process include contacting the feedstream with a hydrocarbon insoluble adsorbent, recovering the oil which does not adsorb and removing the metals and coke precursors from the adsorbent.

Abstract: A process for the purification of a fluid stream containing a sulphur contaminant, such as hydrogen sulphide, and mercury, phosphine, stibine, and/or arsenic compounds as a second contaminant wherein said fluid stream is passed through a bed of a particulate absorbent containing a sulphide of a variable valency metal, especially copper, that is more electropositive than mercury, to remove said second contaminant and then the sulphur contaminant is removed from at least part of the effluent from that bed by passing that part of the effluent through a bed of a particulate sulphur absorbent comprising a compound selected from oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and basic carbonates of said variable valency metal is disclosed. The removal of the sulphur contaminant converts said variable valency metal compound to the corresponding sulphide. The resulting bed of variable valency metal sulphide is subsequently used for the removal of the second contaminant.

Abstract: The present invention is a slurry-type process for upgrading heavy oils to FCC and S/C feeds under temperature and pressure conditions similar to MSHP, but employing catalysts in concentrations small enough (e.g., <300 ppm Mo on feed) that they need not be recycled.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed in the regenerator zone and rapidly released as H.sub.2 S in the reactor zone of an FCC system employing a particulate SO.sub.x catalytic/absorbent comprising Cu and an alkali metal oxide. Embodiments include the use of an inorganic support, such as alumina or an EC.

Abstract: A fuel processing system is operable to remove substantially all of the sulfur present in gasoline or diesel fuel used for operating an internal combustion engine. The fuel supply is passed through a nickel reactant desulfurizer bed wherein essentially all of the sulfur in organic sulfur compounds in the fuel combine with the nickel reactant in the desulfurizer bed, and are converted to nickel sulfide. The desulfurizing system can operate at ambient or elevated pressures. The fuel can be treated either in a liquid phase or in a vapor phase. The sulfur scrubbing operation can be performed either in a vehicle while the latter is being operated, or at the fueling station (gas station) prior to sale to the end user. The amount of sulfur in the fuel can be lowered to less than about 0.05 ppm. This extends the life of the catalytic converters in vehicles, reduces corrosion of parts of the internal combustion engine, and provides an environmentally compatible system.

Abstract: Process for the removal of acid compounds contained in a hydrocarbon process stream by passing the process stream through a fixed bed of an adsorption material at conditions where the acid compounds adsorb on the material and withdrawing a purified hydrocarbon process stream, wherein water has been adsorbed on the material prior to contact with the hydrocarbon process stream.

Abstract: Process for selectively removing oxygenated contaminants from streams prevalently containing hydrocarbons with from 3 to 8 carbon atoms characterized in that it comprises an adsorption step wherein said contaminants are adsorbed by an adsorbent essentially consisting of silica gel at a temperature of between 0 and 150.degree. C. and a pressure of between 1 and 20 atms and a regeneration step for removing the adsorbed substances by thermal treatment in a stream of insert gas carried out at a temperature of between 100 and 200.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for selectively removing nitrogenated and/or sulfurated contaminants from streams prevalently containing hydrocarbons with from 3 to 8 crbon atoms characterized in that it comprises an adsorption step wherein said contaminants are adsorbed by an adsorbent essentially consisting of silica gel at a temperature of between 0 and 150.degree. C. and at a pressure of between 1 and 20 atm and a regeneration step to remove the adsorbed substances by thermal treatment in a stream of insert gas carried out at a temperature of between 100 and 200.degree. C.

Abstract: An adsorbent for organic sulfur compound removal from mineral, vegetable or animal oils useful to protect a hydrogenation catalyst against poisoning, wherein the adsorbent is a zinc-exchanged form of low silica faujasite with a silica to alumina ratio from about 1.8 to about 2.1, wherein the adsorbent contains an inequivalent excess of zinc cations from about 8 to about 20% (equiv.) and a process for manufacture and use of the adsorbent.

Abstract: A novel circulatable sorbent material suitable for use in a transport desulfurization system for removing sulfur from a fluid stream containing sulfur and the use thereof in such a transport desulfurization system. The transport desulfurization process utilizes a circulatable particulate material containing alumina, silica zinc oxide and a metal oxide which is contacted with a fluid stream and thereafter separated and reused with a portion being regenerated.

Abstract: Elemental sulfur and sulfur contaminants causing silver corrosion and present in fluids such as refined petroleum products, e.g., gasoline, jet, diesel, kerosene or fuel additives such as ethers, is removed from such fluids by contacting the contaminated fluid containing indigenous hydrocarbyl mercaptan or by adding to the fluids which lack or have insufficient indigenous hydrocarbyl mercaptan a quantity of hydrocarbyl mercaptan and passing the resulting mixture through an adsorbent selected from the group consisting of alumina, bayerite, brucite and hydrotalcite like materials of the formula M.sub.x.sup.2+ M.sub.y.sup.3+ (OH).sub.2x+3y-z (NO.sub.3) mH.sub.2 O wherein M.sup.2+ is magnesium, M.sup.3+ is aluminum, and x, y and z are values from 1 to 6 and m is the number of waters of hydration.

Abstract: An adsorption/desorption process for selectively removing nitriles from a hydrocarbon feedstock includes the steps of: (a) providing a hydrocarbon feedstock having a nitrile content of less than or equal to about 400 ppm; (b) providing an adsorbent for selective removal of nitrile from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising a substantially homogeneous mixture of a cationic nonacidic zeolite and an inorganic oxide matrix, the zeolite having an accessibility index of between about 0.1 to about 0.4; (c) contacting the feedstock and the adsorbent at nitrile adsorption conditions whereby at least about 80% of the nitrile content is adsorbed by the adsorbent during contact with at least about 200 volumes of the feedstock per volume of the adsorbent so as to provide a used adsorbent having nitrile molecules adsorbed thereon; and (d) contacting the used adsorbent with a desorbent at desorption conditions so as to remove the nitrile molecules and provide a renewed adsorbent.

Abstract: A process for the purification of a fluid stream containing a sulphur contaminant, such as hydrogen sulphide, and mercury, phosphine, stibine, and/or arsenic compounds as a second contaminant wherein said fluid stream is passed through a bed of a particulate absorbent containing a sulphide of a variable valency metal, especially copper, that is more electropositive than mercury, to remove said second contaminant and then the sulphur contaminant is removed from at least part of the effluent from that bed by passing that part of the effluent through a bed of a particulate sulphur absorbent comprising a compound selected from oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and basic carbonates of said variable valency metal is disclosed. The removal of the sulphur contaminant converts said variable valency metal compound to the corresponding sulphide. The resulting bed of variable valency metal sulphide is subsequently used for the removal of the second contaminant.

Abstract: Severely contaminated white mineral oils which fail the RCS specification are treated using an acid-treated bentonite clay, such as TONSIL CO 630G. The white oil products produced in the treatment may be a USP grade white oil.

Abstract: The present invention is a process to remove a +2 ionic charged metal from a petroleum feed. The process includes contacting the feed with a resin that includes carboxyl, sulfonic and/or phosphonic groups. In a preferred embodiment the metal is a Group II metal. In particular, the metal is calcium.

Abstract: This invention is a process for removing minor amounts of organic halide e.g., organic chloride, contaminants from hydrocarbon feedstocks by contact with a regenerable solid adsorbent comprising a metal and/or metal hydride selected from nickel, cobalt or iron, or mixtures thereof on a porous refractory support, such as silica, whereby the halide present in the hydrocarbon feedstock is converted substantially to an insoluble metal halide salt of the supported metal or metal hydride with the hydrocarbon feedstock being recovered from the contacting step substantially free of organic halide contaminant. Also disclosed is a process for regeneration of the adsorbent loaded with metal halide from the hydrocarbon feedstock contacting step and an integrated process where the regenerated adsorbent is reused to remove additional organic halide from the hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: Hydrotalcite-like materials are stable in the crystalline oxide structure and essentially reversible in anion exchange. A novel process of sulfur oxide sorption is provided utilizing these hydrotalcite materials as contact solids. Large crystalline sheet materials having increased sorption of SO.sub.x are provided by incorporation of certain organic acid anionic species to modify the hydrotalcite/brucite structure. Typical industrial applications include sulfur removal from fluid catalyst cracking process, cold-side combustion gas sulfur abatement and cleaner coal gasification.

Abstract: A process wherein a residuum feedstock is upgraded in a short vapor contact time thermal process unit comprised of a horizontal moving bed of fluidized hot particles, then fed to a fluid catalytic cracking process unit. Hot flue gases from the fluid catalytic cracking unit is used to circulate solid particles and to provide process heat to the thermal process unit.

Abstract: A process is provided for reducing the sulfur content of a hydrocarbon stream, wherein a hydrocarbon stream containing sulfur constituents is contacted with a sorbent under temperature and pressure conditions of low severity. The sorbent includes a metal-exchanged zeolite selected from a group consisting of Y zeolites, ultra-stable Y zeolites, and mixtures thereof. A preferred sorbent is a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst having a rare earth metal exchanged Y zeolite or ultra-stable Y zeolite. The sorbent adsorbs sulfur constituents contained in the hydrocarbon stream upon contact therewith to reduce the sulfur content of the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: An activated carbon based adsorbent carrying an acid is provided for eliminating mercury or mercury compounds contained in hydrocarbons. Preferably the activated carbon base is provided with more than 80 ml/g micropore volume having radii less than 8 angstroms. Preferably the acid carried on the activated carbon is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or phosphoric acid. Hydrochloric acid is most preferred. The active carbon base is preferably manufactured by activating a carbonaceous material in an atmosphere comprising less than 30 vol. % water vapor. The adsorbent can be used to eliminate mercury or mercury compounds contained in hydrocarbons by contacting the adsorbent with the hydrocarbons in liquid phase. Particular hydrocarbons include naphtha and intermediates of oil products or petrochemical products. Minimal amounts of carried acid are desorbed from the adsorbent to the hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An adsorbent for selective removal of nitrile from a hydrocarbon feedstock includes a substantially homogeneous mixture of a cationic nonacidic zeolite and an inorganic oxide matrix, the zeolite having an accessibility index of between about 0.1 to about 0.4, and the adsorbent being capable, when contacted with a hydrocarbon feedstock containing nitrile and containing dienes in an amount of at least about 1.0% by volume, of adsorbing at least about 80% of the nitrile during contact with at least about 200 volumes of the feedstock per volume of adsorbent.

Abstract: Removal of organic sulfur compounds, especially aromatic sulfur compounds from an FCC feedstock with minimal adsorption of aromatic hydrocarbons is achieved using a zeolite X exchanged with alkali or alkaline earth cations. KX is an especially effective adsorbent. Where the KX is loaded with a group VIII metal, particular palladium or platinum, the adsorbent is effectively regenerated by treatment with hydrogen at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feedstock is brought into contact with activated carbon at a temperature of about 300.degree. to about 650.degree. C. and a pressure of about 0-1000 psig in the absence of added hydrogen to reduce the content of aromatic, sulfur and nitrogen compounds contained therein and to simultaneously lower the specific gravity thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the ecological usage of acid effluents. Also disclosed is a sorption agent which is characterized in that an acid effluent, created from the production of fullers earth which contains as main ingredients Fe.sup.2+/3+ -, Al.sup.3+ -, Ca.sup.2+ - and Mg.sup.2+ cations and inorganic anions, is reacted with an alkali silicate. The resultant precipitate is separated in an aqueous phase and, when necessary, purified and dried. The sorption agent can be used for the bleaching of oils or for the removal of soaps, phospholipids and heavy metals from oils, specifically edible oils.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur containing compounds from various hydrocarbon streams is disclosed and claimed. The process involves contacting the feedstream with an adsorbent such as nickel exchanged zeolite X or Y, or a smectite layered clay having a surface area of at least 150 m.sup.2 /g, thereby adsorbing the sulfur compounds onto the adsorbent.

Abstract: An adsorption arrangement in combination with a catalytic hydrocarbon conversion process suspends non-hydrocarbon materials that act to enhance the operation of the conversion zone by using an adsorption zone arrangement to keep the compounds in recirculation about the reaction zone and integrates the adsorption zone arrangement with a chiller to increase the recovery of C.sub.4 hydrocarbons. The process of this invention is particularly useful for the isomerization of hydrocarbons wherein the adsorption zone arrangement operates to maintain chloride compounds in the reaction zone and to prevent contamination of product streams with the chloride compounds while increasing the recovery of C.sub.4 hydrocarbons. This invention can be used in combination with traditional adsorptive methods of removing contaminant from feedstreams that enter reaction zones.

Abstract: A sorbent composition is provided comprising: (a) a zinc component; (b) a colloidal oxide component; and (c) a metal oxide component. This sorbent composition can be subjected to a steaming treatment that improves its sulfur loading capability.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for adsorptive cleaning of vegetable and/or mineral oils and fats operating by a multi-stage countercurrent process, in which uncleaned oil is fed to a first stage, where it is put into contact and pre-cleaned with an already used and partly loaded adsorptive agent, fed to a first separating stage, put into contact with fresh adsorptive agent at a second stage, and then fed to a second separating stage and in which the constituents removed from the oil at the second separating stage are re-utilised at the first step in the process, as an already used, partly loaded adsorptive agent, these constituents are obtained and/or prepared as a pumpable sludge and passed to the uncleaned oil in the first stage with air excluded.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the removal of nitrogen compounds from an aromatic hydrocarbon stream comprising the nitrogen compounds by contacting the hydrocarbon stream with a selective adsorbent having an average pore size less than. about 5.5 Angstroms. The selective adsorbent is a molecular sieve selected from the group consisting of pore closed zeolite 4A, zeolite 4A, zeolite 5A, silicalite, F-silicalite, ZSM-5 and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the present invention comprises a combination of a fractionation zone and an adsorption zone wherein the feedstream is passed to the fractionation zone to provide a dry bottoms product stream essentially free of the nitrogen compounds and an overhead stream. The overhead stream is condensed to provide an aqueous stream and a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is passed to an adsorption zone and a treated effluent recovered therefrom is returned to the fractionation zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing carbonyl sulfide from a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, said process comprising the steps of (a) passing said hydrocarbon feedstock over an absorbent material comprising nickel deposited on a support material wherein nickel is present as both nickel oxide and metallic nickel and wherein the absorbent material has been conditioned by passing an inert gas flow containing a minor amount of propylene; and (b) recovering a liquid hydrocarbon stream having substantially reduced carbonyl sulfide content.

Abstract: Acidic halogens, especially chlorides, are removed from a dry gas stream by contact with dry particles of solid caustic. The solid caustic particles are preferably non-porous, and disposed in a bed with at least a 10% bed interstitial volume. Limiting halogen content in gas, and operating with a bone dry gas, ensures that salts deposit on the surface of the solid caustic without plugging the bed of solid caustic. Efficient halogen removal can be achieved even when treating a bone dry gas, one having less than 10 ppmv water vapor, at ambient temperature, without plugging the bed.

Abstract: Acidic halides, especially chlorides, are removed from gas by contact with particles of solid caustic covered by aqueous and hydrocarbon phases, respectively. Effective neutralization is achieved without swelling or plugging the bed of solid caustic. Halides are removed as brine. Efficient caustic utilization is achieved by controlling water vapor levels in the gas based on pH of brine product.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feedstock is catalytically reformed to effect dehydrocyclization of paraffins in a process combination comprising a first reforming zone, a sulfur-removal zone containing a mixed reforming catalyst and sulfur sorbent comprising a manganese component to preclude sulfur from the feed to a second reforming zone. The process combination shows substantial benefits over prior art processes in achieving reforming-catalyst stability.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process and apparatus for removing oil from liquefied petroleum gases. In a preferred embodiment, the activated carbon bed is pretreated with odorant thereby enabling oil to be removed from odorized liquefied petroleum gases with negligible removal of odorant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing carbonyl sulfide from a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, said process comprising the steps of (a) passing said hydrocarbon feedstock over an absorbent material comprising nickel deposited on a support material wherein nickel is present as both nickel oxide and metallic nickel and wherein the absorbent material has been conditioned by passing an inert gas flow containing a minor amount of propylene; and (b) recovering a liquid hydrocarbon stream having substantially reduced carbonyl sulfide content.

Abstract: A method of removing contaminants from a hydrocarbon stream which involves contacting the hydrocarbon stream containing a heavy-metal contaminant with a porous material under conditions suitable for adsorption of the contaminant by the porous material. A process for preparing an adsorbent which involves forming a mixture of metal oxide powder and support powder, shaping the mixture into an aggregate, and reducing the aggregate to transform the metal oxide to the metallic state.

Abstract: A process for providing distillate products which are substantially sulfur free, which process comprises subjecting a distillate stream to conventional hydrodesulfurization conditions including a catalyst comprised of a Group VI metal and at least one Group VIII metal on a refractory support. The hydrodesulfurized stream is then treated with a solid adsorbent material capable of adsorbing beta and di-beta-substituted dibenzothiophene sulfur compounds.

Abstract: A process for separating polar substances (preferably water, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, nitriles) from hydrocarbon fluids employs a sorbent comprising aluminum borate and zirconium borate. Preferably, the sorbent composition has been prepared by coprecipitation.

Abstract: A process for the production of an ether-rich additive for gasoline, and more particularly, the production of MTBE, TAME and mixtures thereof from light hydrocarbon streams comprising passing the light hydrocarbon stream, preferably from an FCC feedstock, through a superactivated porous particulate medium so as to remove nitrogen compounds, mercaptan and water prior to contacting the feedstock with a catalyst under etherification process conditions. The present invention further includes a process for regenerating the spent superactivated mediums used for purifying the feedstock employed in the process for the production of ether-rich additives for gasoline.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feedstock is catalytically reformed to effect dehydrocyclization of paraffins in a process combination comprising a first reforming zone containing a mixed reforming catalyst and sulfur sorbent and a sulfur-removal zone utilizing a manganese component to preclude sulfur from the feed to a second reforming zone. The process combination shows substantial benefits over prior art processes in achieving reforming-catalyst stability.

Abstract: A method for the adsorptive purification of vegetable and/or mineral oils and fats works with a multi-stage counter flow process. At least a part of the solid phase leaving the first separating stage is mixed in batches or continuously with a part of the purified oil or fat leaving the last separating stage. The mash thereby obtained is fed to a subsequent filter.